Ram’s Textbook of Human Anatomy for Dental Students MV Ramasamy
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1Ram's Textbook of Human Anatomy for Dental Students
3Ram's Textbook of Human Anatomy for Dental Students: (Embryology, Genetics, Brain, Head, Neck, Osteology and Histology)
MV Ramasamy MBBS, MS Professor and HOD Anatomy CSI Dental College, Madurai Former Member, Medical Council of India Member, Senate of Annamalai University Member, Academic Board, Tn. Dr MGR Medical University Chairman, I MBBS, Board, Tn. Dr MGR Medical University Member, Senate and Governing Council, Tn. Dr MGR Medical University
4Published by
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Ram's Textbook of Human Anatomy for Dental Students
© 2009, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author and the publisher.
This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by author is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and author will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only.
First Edition: 2009
9788184484472
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Sanat Printers
6
Dr Daisy Ramasamy MBBS
Ram's Textbook of Human Anatomy is dedicated to my better half Dr Daisy Ramasamy MBBS.
Her moral and economical support to me has maintained my self-respect in this land of rich Periyarism but of much pseudo self-respectiveness.
MV Ramasamy
8Preface
Diagrams are the best teacher in Anatomy; this book is written with numerous (455) diagrams, most of them are drawn by R Advani IIIrd MBBS student of KV Medical College, Salem. Considering the recent trend in teaching Anatomy with clinical orientation, sufficient clinical illustrations have been incorporated in this book.
Ram's Textbook of Human Anatomy for Dental Students is covering Gross Anatomy of head and neck, brain, embryology, genetics, osteology and histology. These sections fulfill the whole syllabus for Dental students and cover the major part of the syllabus for Medical students. Listing of the Chapters in this book is convenient to teaching programs for both Dental students and Medical students.
I thank the Government of Tamil Nadu for the time given to me during my tenure in service for preparing this book.
I thank Tmt Dr R Anuradha MDS for the contribution of clinical illustrations.
MV Ramasamy
13Introduction
The term “Anatomy” was given by Aristotle (384-322 B.C.); Anatomy (Anatome-a Greek word) means “cutting up or taking apart” a human structure to study. In word “Dissection” came from Latin word “dissecare” has the similar meaning.
Though the descriptions of Anatomy were started from 3000 B.C., Hippocrates (400 B.C.) is recognized as Founder of Anatomy. After Christ, in sixteenth century Andreas vesalius contributed much to Anatomy by doing direct observations in cadavers. First publication in Anatomy came in 1628, in the same 17th century human dissections became an important feature in Europian Medical Schools.
During 18th and 19th centuries the Anatomist's contributions were impressive with Publications and Atlases. The maximum and impressive contributions are done by Henry gray (1827–1861).
Following the hunt for cadavers, Anatomy Act was passed in all countries (Anatomy Act in India came in 1951) to use the unclaimed and donated bodies for Anatomy dissection.
 
 
Window for Anatomy
Human structures are studied by regional, functional and applied aspects. During examining a alive person or during surgical manipulation, for identifying the structures the inter-relationship among the structures is important, the following terminologies will give the inter-relationship.
 
Anatomical Position
Anatomical descriptions are made keeping the person with:
 
Anatomical Planes
 
Terms of Position