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Chapter-29 Pediatric Immunology

BOOK TITLE: The Short Textbook of Pediatrics

Author
1. Kulkarni ML
2. Gupte Suraj
3. Frank S
ISBN
9788184484694
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10983_29
Edition
11/e
Publishing Year
2009
Pages
13
Author Affiliations
1. JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka, JJM Medical College, Davangere 577004, Karnataka
2. Narayana Medical College/Narayana General and Superspeciality Hospitals, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh (India), Mamata Medical College and General and Super Specialty Hospitals, Khammam, Telangana, India, Mamata Medical College/Mamata General and Superspeciality Hospitals, Khammam, Telangana, South India, Mamata Medical College/Mamata, General and Superspecialty Hospitals, Khammam, Telangana, India, Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics Mamata Medical College and Hospital Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India, Mamata Medical College/Mamata General and Superspecialty Hospitals, Khammam 507002, Andhra Pradesh, India, Mamata Medical College/Mamata General and Superspecialty Hospitals, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India, Mamata Medical College and Hospitals, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India, Narayana Medical College/Narayana General and Superspeciality Hospitals, Nellore 524002, AP, South India, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, AP, India, Children’s Health Centre, Jammu, India, Children’s Health Center, Jammu, Ja
3. Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, London, UK, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, London, United Kingdom
Chapter keywords

Abstract

The chapter takes off with an overview of the field of immunology that denotes defense mechanism protecting the individual against invasion by an infectious agent. An additional defense function is immunologic surveillance limiting the development of tumor cells, malignant cell clones, moulds and grafts. Innate immunity may be genetically passed on from one generation to another without depending on previous contact with a microbe. When it indicates a degree of resistance to all infections, it is termed nonspecific. When there is a resistance to a particular pathogen, it is called specific. Innate immunity is also expressed in relation to species, race or individual. Such factors as age, hormonal influences and nutrition considerably affect immune response. Then follows fundamentals of immunologic system and immunodeficiency states (both primary and secondary). Diagnostic approach in immunodeficiency explicitly focuses on clinical clues and investigations, including the initial screening tests and more advanced tests that may be done in selected cases. From here, the text moves on to immunologic basis of such disease states as autoimmune disease, allergy (atopy), malignancy, etc. A special note stresses on the problem of special risks in immunodeficiency. Finally, a threadbare discussion on IVIG focuses on its composition, essential prerequisites/requirements, indications, abuse, contraindications, advantages over intramuscular immunoglobulin and hazards.

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