Diplomate National Board Mohit Gupta, Anju Singh
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Preventive and Social Medicine

  1. Neonatal tetanus is considered eliminated when its incidence is:
    1. < 0.1/1000 LB
    2. < 1/1000 LB
    3. > 1/1000 LB
    4. > 1/100 LB.
KD Tripathi
Ch-5
Neonatal tetanus elimination
NT high risk
Rate > 1/1000 LB
Or TT2 coverage < 70%
Or Attended deliveries <50%
NT control
Rate < 1/1000 LB
and TT2 coverage >70%
and Attended deliveries > 50%
NT elimination
Rate < 0.1 /1000 LB
and TT2 coverage >90 %
and Attended deliveries >75%
  1. Natural mosquito control agent is
    1. Pyrethrum
    2. BHC
    3. DDT
    4. Propoxur
KD Tripathi
Ch-12
Pyrethrum
:
Is an extract from pyrethrum flowers
:
Use as space spray
:
Nerve poison
:
No residual action
169Other natural agents
  • Rotenone
  • Derris
  • Nicotine
  • Mineral oil
  1. Sulvian index is for
    1. Life free of disability
    2. Time of life with disability
    3. Premature death
    4. Number of years in full health
KD Tripathi
Ch-2
Sullivaris index
Life free of disability
HALE
Health Adjusted life expediency
number of years in full health
DALY
Disability Adjusted life year
lost year of healthy life
  1. Time from entry of pathogen to maximum infectivity is
    1. Serial interval
    2. Incubation period
    3. Generation time
    4. Latent period
Serial interval: Time gap between onset of primary case and secondary case.
Generation time: Interval of time between receipt of infection by a host and maximal infectivity of that host.
Communicable period: The time during which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from an infected person to another person.
Latent period: Period from disease initiation to disease detection.
Incubation period: The time interval between invasion by an agent and appearance of the first sign and symptom.170
  1. Rat flea transmits:
    1. Endemic typhus
    2. Epidemic typhus
    3. Chagas disease
    4. Sleeping sickness
K Park
Ch-12
Rat flea
Bubonic plague
Endemic typhus
Chiggerosis
Hymenolepsis diminuta.
Black fly
Onchocerciasis
Reduviid bug
Chagas disease
Tsetse fly
Sleeping sickness
Louse
Epidemic typhus
Relapsing fever
Trench fever
Pediculosis
Hard tick
Tick typhus
Viral encephalitis
Tularemia, KFD
Tick paralysis
Human babesiosis
  1. Not transmitted by mosquito:
    1. Malaria
    2. Dengue
    3. Yellow fever
    4. Kala azar
K Park
Ch-12
Disease by mosquito
Anopheles:
Malaria, filarial (not in India)
Culex
Bancroftian filariasis
Japanese encephalitis
West Nile fever
Viral arthritis
171
Aedes
Yellow fever
Dengue
Chikungunya fever
Rift valley fever
Filaria (not in India)
Mansonoides
Filaria
Chikungunya
Kala azar is by sand fly
  1. Chandler's index is for:
    1. Ascariasis
    2. Ankylostoma
    3. Sistosomiasis
    4. Taeniasis
K Park
Ch – 5
Chandler's index
Average number of hookworm per gram of faces.
Below 200
Not of much significance
200 – 250
Potential danger
250 – 300
Minor public health problem
>300
Important public health problem
  1. Antigenic shift is seen in:
    1. Plague
    2. Influenza
    3. Rabies
    4. HIV
K Park
Ch-5
Influenza
Shift
Sudden complete or major change in antigenic composition
Drift
Gradual, over a period of time
IP
18 to 72 hrs.
172
  1. Dracunculiasis is transmitted by:
    1. Contaminated milk
    2. Water
    3. Eggs in soil
    4. Insects
K Park
Ch-5
Guinea worm disease (Dracunculiasis)
Agent
:
Dracunculus medinensis man acquires infection by drinking water containing infected Cyclops.
Reservoir
:
An infected person harboring the gravid female.
  1. Shortest incubation period in food poisoning is seen with:
    1. C. botulinum
    2. Bacillus
    3. E. coli
    4. Staph aureus
K Park
Ch-5
Food poisoning
I.P
Salmonella
12-24 hrs
Staphylococcal
1-6 hrs
Botulism
12-36 hrs
C. perfringens
6-24 hrs
B. cereus–emetic
1-6 hrs
diarrhoeal
12-24 hrs
  1. Follow up in multi bacillary leprosy is for:
    1. 2 years
    2. 5 years
    3. 1 years
    4. 3 years
K Park
Ch-5173
Treatment of Leprosy
Paucibacillary:
  • Rifampicin 600 mg – once a month
  • Dapsone 100 mg – daily for 6 month
  • Follow up for 2 years.
Multi bacillary:
Rifampicin
600 mg - once a month
Dapsone
100 mg – daily
Clofazimine
300 mg – once a month
For 12 month
Follow up for 5 years
  1. Contribution of employees (centre/ state) in employee state insurance scheme is
    1. 3.75%
    2. 4.75%
    3. 5.75%
    4. 1.75%
K Park
Ch-15
Employees state insurance Act 1948
Contribution
Employer
4.75%
Employee
1.75%
Govt. share
1/8
ESI share
7/8
Benefits
  • Medical benefit
  • Sickness benefit
  • Maternity benefit
  • Disablement benefit
  • Dependant's benefit
  • Funeral expenses
  • Rehabilitation allowance
    174
  1. Criteria for chlorination of water is
    1. 15 min contact period
    2. Clear water
    3. Chlorine concentration- 1 mg/dl
    4. All of above
K Park
Ch – 12
Principles of chlorination
  • Water should be clear and free from turbidity
  • Chlorine demand should be estimated
  • Contact period −60 min.
  • Free chlorine −0.5 mg/l
  • Correct dose of chlorine
    • Chlorine demant + free residual chlorine
  1. Most common cause of blindness in India is:
    1. Cataract
    2. Trachoma
    3. Vit A deficiency
    4. Glaucoma
K Park
Ch- 6
Cause of Blindness in India
Cataract
62.6%
Refractive error
19.7%
Glaucoma
5.8%
Posterior segment pathology
4.7%
Corneal opacity
0.9%
Other causes
6.2%
  1. Triage is used for:
    1. Sorting of cases in disaster
    2. Trying a new drug
    3. Disaster preparedness
    4. Normal basis in hospitals
K Park
Ch-14
Triage consists of rapidly classifying the injured on the basis of the severity of their injuries and the 175likelihood of their survival with prompt medical intervention.
Red
High priority treatment
Yellow
medium priority
Green
ambulatory patients
Black
dead or moribund
  1. Socratic method is for all except:
    1. Group discussion
    2. Symposium
    3. Panel discussion
    4. Demonstration
K Park
Ch – 19
Group approach in communication
  1. Lecture- one way (didactic method)
  2. Demonstration- two way (Socratic method)
  3. Group discussion-two way
  4. Panel discussion-two way
  5. Symposium-one way
  6. workshop-two way
  1. Epidemiological test for Kala azar is:
    1. ELISA
    2. Mantoux test
    3. Aldehyde test
    4. Parasitological diagnosis
K Park
Ch-5
Lab test for kala azar
  1. Parasitological diagnosis–
    • Demonstration of parasite in tissue
    • Diagnostic
  2. Aldehyde test-(Napier)
    Formalin + serum from infected person
    Jellification – positive test good for surveillance not diagnostic
  3. Serological – ELISA, IFAT
    Both for diagnosis and epidemiological purpose
    176
  4. Hematological findings: eg. Anemia, leucopenia
  5. Leishmanin (Montenegro) test:-
    Intradermal injection 0.1 ml
    Read after 48-72 hrs
    Indurations of 5 mm or more is positive
  1. Different populations are best compared by using:
    1. Age standardized death rate
    2. Survival rate
    3. Specific death rate
    4. Case fatality rate
If we want to compare the death rates of two population with different age-composition the crude death rate is not a yard stick.
We use age adjusted or age standardized death rate.
  1. Street dog licked on abraded skin and ran away
    1. No need to do anything
    2. Give vaccines and immunoglobulin both
    3. Start vaccination immediately
    4. Start treatment if dog dies
K Park
Ch-5
Class I
:
Licks on healthy unbroken skin
Consumption of unboiled milk of suspected animal
Scratches without oozing of blood
– No treatment needed if reliable history is available
Class II
:
Licks on fresh cuts
Scratches with oozing of blood
All bites except those on head, neck face, palms and fingers
Minor wounds < 5 in number
– Administer, vaccine immediately
177
Class III
:
All bites with oozing of blood on neck head face palms and fingers
Lacerated wound on any part
Multiple wounds >5 in number
Bites from wild animals
– Rabies immunoglobulin and vaccine
  1. Dietary source of vit D with maximum content is
    1. Shark liver oil
    2. Butter
    3. Egg
    4. Halibut liver oil
K Park
Ch-10
Vit D (mg / 100 gm.)
Butter
0.5 – 1.5
Eggs
1.25 – 1.5
Milk
0.1
Fish fat
5 – 30
Shark liver oil
30 – 100
Cod liver oil
200 – 750
Halibut liver oil
500 – 10,000