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Clinical Ophthalmology
Samar K Basak
CHAPTER 1:
Diseases of the Eyelids
COLOBOMA OF THE EYELID (FIG. 1.1)
BLEPHAROPHIMOSIS SYNDROME (FIG. 1.2)
TRICHIASIS (FIG. 1.3)
LASH IN THE PUNCTUM (FIG. 1.4)
CONGENITAL ENTROPION (FIG. 1.5)
INVOLUTIONAL (SENILE) ENTROPION (FIG. 1.6)
INVOLUTIONAL (SENILE) ECTROPION (FIG. 1.7)
CICATRICIAL ECTROPION (FIG. 1.8)
CONTACT DERMATITIS (FIGS 1.9A AND B)
BLEPHARITIS (FIGS 1.10A AND B)
MEIBOMITIS (FIGS 1.11A AND B)
PRESEPTAL CELLULITIS (FIG. 1.12)
EXTERNAL HORDEOLUM (STYE) (FIG. 1.13)
INTERNAL HORDEOLUM (FIG. 1.14)
CHALAZION (FIG. 1.15)
CONGENITAL PTOSIS (FIGS 1.16A TO C)
SENILE (APONEUROTIC) PTOSIS (FIG. 1.17)
OTHER ACQUIRED PTOSIS (FIGS 1.18A AND B)
LAGOPHTHALMOS (FIGS 1.19A AND B)
SYMBLEPHARON (FIGS 1.20A AND B)
PHTHIRIASIS PALPEBRARUM (FIG. 1.21)
CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA (FIG. 1.22)
PORT-WINE STAIN (FIG. 1.23)
MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM (FIG. 1.24)
EXTERNAL ANGULAR DERMOID (FIG. 1.25)
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA (RODENT ULCER) (FIG. 1.26)
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA (FIG. 1.27)
MEIBOMIAN GLAND CARCINOMA (FIGS 1.28A AND B)
XANTHELESMA (FIG. 1.29)
BAGGY EYELIDS (FIG. 1.30)
DERMATOCHALASIS (FIG. 1.31)
KERATIC HORN (FIG. 1.32)
CHAPTER 2:
Diseases of the Conjunctiva
SUBCONJUNCTIVAL HEMORRHAGE (FIGS. 2.1A AND B)
FOLLICLES (FIG. 2.2)
PAPILLAE (FIGS 2.3A TO E)
MEMBRANES (FIGS 2.4A TO C)
ACUTE MUCOPURULENT CONJUNCTIVITIS (FIG. 2.5)
PURULENT CONJUNCTIVITIS (FIG. 2.6)
OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM (FIG. 2.7)
MEMBRANOUS CONJUNCTIVITIS (FIG. 2.8)
ANGULAR CONJUNCTIVITIS (FIG. 2.9)
ADENOVIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (FIGS 2.10A AND B)
TRACHOMA (FIGS 2.11A TO E)
PHLYCTENULAR CONJUNCTIVITIS (FIG. 2.12)
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS (VKC) (FIGS 2.13A TO D)
GIANT PAPILLARY CONJUNCTIVITIS (GPC) (FIG. 2.14)
PTERYGIUM (FIGS 2.15A TO D)
PSEUDOPTERYGIUM (FIG. 2.16)
CONJUNCTIVAL CYSTS (FIGS 2.17A AND B)
EPIBULBAR LIMBAL DERMOID (FIGS 2.18A AND B)
DERMOLIPOMA (LIPODERMOID) (FIGS 2.19A AND B)
CONJUNCTIVAL INTRA-EPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA (FIG. 2.20)
INVASIVE SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA (FIGS 2.21A AND B)
SIMPLE NEVUS (FIG. 2.22)
PRECANCEROUS MELANOSIS (FIG. 2.23)
MALIGNANT MELANOMA (FIG. 2.24)
CONJUNCTIVAL XEROSIS (FIG. 2.25)
BITOT'S SPOT (FIG. 2.26)
KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA (FIGS 2.27A AND H)
OCULAR CICATRICIAL PEMPHIGOID (FIGS 2.28A TO C)
STEVENS-JOHNSON'S SYNDROME (FIGS 2.29A AND B)
SUPERIOR LIMBIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS (FIG. 2.30)
CONJUNCTIVOCHALASIS (FIG. 2.31)
CONJUNCTIVAL GRANULOMAS (FIGS 2.32A AND B)
CHAPTER 3:
Diseases of the Cornea and Sclera
PIGMENT DEPOSITION IN THE CORNEA (FIGS 3.1A TO D)
MICROPHTHALMOS (FIG. 3.2)
NANOPHTHALMOS (FIGS 3.3 A AND B)
MEGALOCORNEA (FIG. 3.4)
KERATOGLOBUS (FIG. 3.5)
PETER'S ANOMALY (FIGS 3.6 A AND B)
CORNEAL EDEMA (FIGS 3.7A TO D)
BACTERIAL KERATITIS/ULCER (FIGS 3.8A TO F)
FUNGAL KERATITIS OR KERATOMYCOSIS (FIGS 3.9A TO F)
ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS (FIGS 3.10A AND B)
SEQUEL OF CORNEAL ULCER (FIGS 11A TO G)
DENDRITIC KERATITIS (HSV) (FIGS 3.12A AND B)
GEOGRAPHICAL KERATITIS (FIG. 3.13A AND B)
STROMAL NECROTIC KERATITIS (FIG. 3.14)
METAHERPETIC KERATITIS (TROPHIC ULCER) (FIG. 3.15)
DISCIFORM KERATITIS (FIGS 3.16A AND B)
HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS (FIGS 3.17A AND B)
LAGOPHTHALMIC (EXPOSURE) KERATITIS (Fig. 3.18)
NEUROTROPHIC KERATITIS (NTK) (FIG. 3.19)
MARGINAL KERATITIS (CATARRHAL ULCER) (FIGS 3.20A AND B)
FASCICULAR ULCER (FIG. 3.21)
INTERSTITIAL KERATITIS (IK) (FIGS 3.22A AND B)
PUNCTATE EPITHELIAL KERATITIS (PEK) (FIGS 3.23A AND B)
SCLEROSING KERATITIS (FIG. 3.24)
TERRIEN'S MARGINAL DEGENERATION (FIGS 3.25A AND B)
PELLUCID MARGINAL DEGENERATION (FIGS 3.26A AND B)
MOOREN'S ULCER (FIGS 3.27A AND B)
MARGINAL ULCERS WITH SYSTEMIC COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISORDERS (FIG. 3.28)
BAND-SHAPED KERATOPATHY (BSK) (FIGS 3.29A AND B)
SALZMANN'S NODULAR DEGENERATION (FIG. 3.30)
SPHEROIDAL DEGENERATION (FIGS 3.31A AND B)
REIS-BUCKLER'S DYSTROPHY (FIGS 3.32A AND B)
GRANULAR DYSTROPHY (FIGS 3.33A TO C)
MACULAR DYSTROPHY (FIGS 3.34A AND B)
LATTICE DYSTROPHY (FIGS 3.35A TO D)
CORNEA GUTTATA (FIGS 3.36A AND B)
FUCHS' ENDOTHELIAL DYSTROPHY (FIGS 3.37A TO D)
KERATOCONUS (FIGS 3.38A AND F)
STRIATE KERATOPATHY (KERATITIS) (FIG. 3.39)
CORNEAL ABRASION (FIGS 3.40A AND B)
FILAMENTARY KERATOPATHY (KERATITIS) (FIG. 3.41)
DESCEMET'S DETACHMENT (FIGS 3.42A AND B)
DESCEMET'S TEAR (FIGS 3.43A TO E)
CORNEAL DELLEN (FIGS 3.44A AND B)
CORNEAL SIGNS IN AVITAMINOSIS-A (FIGS 3.45A TO C)
KERATITIS MEDICOMENTOSA (FIGS 3.46A AND B)
TUNNEL ABSCESS (FIGS 3.47A AND B)
CORNEAL TUMORS (FIGS 3.48A TO D)
BLUE SCLERA (FIGS 3.49A TO C)
EPISCLERITIS (FIGS 3.50A AND B)
ANTERIOR SCLERITIS (FIGS 3.51A TO F)
SURGICALLY INDUCED NECROSIS OF SCLERA (SINS) (FIGS 3.52A TO D)
CHAPTER 4:
Anterior Chamber and Pupillary Abnormalities
SHALLOW ANTERIOR CHAMBER (FIGS 4.1A TO D)
DEEP ANTERIOR CHAMBER (FIGS 4.2A TO D)
IRREGULAR ANTERIOR CHAMBER (FIGS 4.3A TO D)
ABNORMAL CONTENTS OF AC (FIGS 4.4A TO J)
OTHER ABNORMAL CONTENTS IN A/C (FIGS 4.5A TO J)
ABNORMAL PUPIL
CORECTOPIA (FIGS 4.6A AND B)
POLYCORIA (FIGS 4.7A AND B)
PERSISTENT PUPILLARY MEMBRANE (FIGS 4.8A AND B)
ANISOCORIA (FIGS 4.9A TO C)
SMALL (MIOTIC) PUPIL (FIGS 4.10A TO D)
LARGE (MYDRIATIC) PUPIL (FIGS 4.11A AND B)
DIFFERENT PUPILLARY SHAPE (FIGS 4.12A TO J)
LEUKOCORIA (FIGS 4.13A TO F)
CHAPTER 5:
Diseases of the Uvea
ANIRIDIA (FIGS 5.1A AND B)
COLOBOMA (FIGS 5.2A TO D)
ALBINISM (FIGS 5.3A TO C)
HETEROCHROMIA OF THE IRIS (FIGS 5.4A TO C)
ANTERIOR UVEITIS (IRIDOCYCLITIS) (FIGS 5.5A TO O)
CHOROIDITIS (FIGS 5.6A TO D)
TOXOPLASMOSIS (FIGS 5.7A TO D)
VOGT-KOYANAGI-HARADA SYNDROME (FIGS 5.8A TO C)
SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMITIS (FIG. 5.9)
ENDOPHTHALMITIS (FIGS 5.10A TO D)
PANOPHTHALMITIS (FIGS 5.11A AND B)
IRIDOCORNEAL ENDOTHELIAL (ICE) SYNDROME (FIGS 5.12A TO D)
IRIDOSCHISIS (FIG. 5.13)
IRIS ATROPHY (FIGS 5.14A TO C)
RUBEOSIS IRIDIS (FIGS 5.15A TO C)
PRIMARY CHOROIDAL SCLEROSIS (FIGS 5.16A AND B)
IRIS CYSTS (FIGS 5.17A AND B)
GYRATE ATROPHY OF THE CHOROID (FIG. 5.18)
ANGIOID STREAKS (FIGS 5.19)
CHOROIDAL DETACHMENT (FIGS 5.20A AND B)
LISCH NODULES (SPOTS) (FIGS 5.21A AND B)
BRUSHFIELD SPOTS (FIG. 5.22)
IRIS PEARLS (FIG. 5.23)
IRIS NEVUS (FIG. 5.24)
BENIGN MELANOCYTOMA (NEVUS) (FIG. 5.25)
MALIGNANT MELANOMA OF IRIS (FIGS 5.26A AND B)
CILIARY BODY MELANOMA (FIG. 5.27)
MALIGNANT MELANOMA OF CHOROID (FIGS 5.28A AND B)
METASTATIC CARCINOMA OF UVEA (FIGS 5.29A AND B)
CHAPTER 6:
Diseases of the Lens
COLOBOMA OF THE LENS (FIGS 6.1A AND B)
ANTERIOR LENTICONUS (FIG. 6.2)
POSTERIOR LENTICONUS (FIG. 6.3)
SPHEROPHAKIA (MICRO-SPHEROPHAKIA) (FIGS 6.4A AND B)
MARFAN'S SYNDROME (FIGS 6.5A AND B)
HOMOCYSTINURIA (FIGS 6.5C AND D)
PHACOLYTIC GLAUCOMA (FIG. 6.6)
PHACOMORPHIC GLAUCOMA (FIGS 6.7A AND B)
PHACOTOXIC UVEITIS (FIG. 6.8)
ANTERIOR POLAR CATARACT(FIGS 6.9A AND B)
POSTERIOR POLAR CATARACT (FIGS 6.10A TO D)
ZONULAR (LAMELLAR) CATARACT (FIGS 6.11A AND B)
BLUE-DOT CATARACT (FIGS 6.12A AND B)
CORTICAL CATARACT (FIGS 6.13A AND D)
MATURE CATARACT (FIGS 6.14A AND B)
HYPERMATURE CATARACT (FIGS 6.15A AND B)
POSTERIOR SUBCAPSULAR CATARACT (FIGS 6.16A AND B)
NUCLEAR CATARACT (FIGS 6.17A TO D)
COMPLICATED CATARACT (FIGS 6.18A AND B)
DIABETIC CATARACT (FIGS 6.19A AND B)
ANTERIOR CAPSULAR OPACIFICATION (FIGS 6.20A AND B)
POSTERIOR CAPSULAR OPACIFICATION (PCO) OR ‘AFTER CATARACT' (FIGS 6.21A TO D)
SUBLUXATION OF LENS (FIGS 6.22A AND B)
DISLOCATION OF LENS (FIGS 6.23A AND C)
DISPLACEMENT OF THE IOL (FIGS 6.24A TO F)
APHAKIA (FIGS 6.25A AND B)
CHAPTER 7:
Glaucoma
CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA (BUPHTHALMOS)
Primary (FIGS 7.1A to C)
Secondary (Fig. 7.1D)
PRIMARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA (PACG)
Acute Attack (FIGS 7.2A to D)
CHRONIC PACG (FIG. 7.3)
ABSOLUTE GLAUCOMA (FIG. 7.4)
SLIT LAMP GRADING OF THE ANGLE (VAN HERICK) (FIGS 7.5A TO D)
CUPPING OF THE OPTIC DISK (FIGS 7.6A TO L)
GLAUCOMA CAPSULAR (FIGS 7.7A AND B)
PIGMENTARY GLAUCOMA (FIGS 7.8A AND B)
INFLAMMATORY SECONDARY GLAUCOMA (FIGS 7.9A AND B)
GLAUCOMA ASSOCIATED WITH TRAUMA (FIGS 7.10A TO D)
MALIGNANT (CILIARY BLOCK) GLAUCOMA (FIG. 7.11)
NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA (FIGS 7.12A AND B)
FILTERING BLEB ABNORMALITIES (FIGS 7.13A TO F)
OVERFILTERING BLEB (FIGS 7.14A TO D)
LEAKING FILTERING BLEB (FIGS 7.15A AND B)
BLEBITIS (BLEB INFECTION) (FIGS 7.16A AND B)
WIND-SHIELD WIPER SYNDROME (FIG. 7.17)
CHAPTER 8:
Diseases of the Vitreous and Retina
ASTEROID HYALOSIS (BENSON'S DISEASE) (FIG. 8.1)
SYNCHISIS SCINTILLANS (FIG. 8.2)
VITREOUS CELLS (FIG. 8.3)
VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE (FIGS 8.4A TO D)
MISCELLANEOUS VITREOUS OPACITIES (FIGS 8.5A TO F)
VITREOUS PROLAPSE IN AC (FIGS 8.6A AND B)
PHAKOMATOSIS (FIGS 8.7A TO D)
RETINOCHOROIDAL COLOBOMA (FIGS 8.8A TO C)
CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION (FIGS 8.9A to F)
CENTRAL RETINAL VENOUS OCCLUSION (FIGS 8.10A TO D)
Non-ischemic CRVO
Ischemic CRVO
BRANCH RETINAL VENOUS OCCLUSION (FIGS 8.11A TO F)
PRERETINAL HEMORRHAGE (FIGS 8.12A TO F)
SUBRETINAL HEMORRHAGE (FIGS 8.13A AND B)
SUB-RPE HEMORRHAGE (FIGS 8.14A AND B)
CHOROIDAL HEMORRHAGE (FIGS 8.15A AND B)
ROTH SPOT (FIGS 8.16A AND B)
NEOVASCULARIZATION (FIGS 8.17A TO H)
RETINAL COLLATERALS (FIGS 8.18A AND B)
RETINAL VASCULITIS (FIGS 8.19A TO G)
RETINAL HARD EXUDATES (FIGS 8.20A TO F)
SOFT EXUDATES OR COTTON WOOL SPOTS (FIGS 8.21A TO D)
SUBRETINAL EXUDATES (FIGS 8.22A TO D)
MULTIPLE EVANESCENT WHITE DOT SYNDROME (MEWDS) (FIGS 8.23A AND B)
APMPEE (Figs 8.24A AND B)
MULTIFOCAL CHOROIDITIS (FIGS 8.25A TO D)
FOCAL TOXOPLASMOSIS (FIGS 8.26A TO D)
CANDIDA RETINITIS (FIGS 8.27A AND B)
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) RETINITIS (FIGS 8.28A TO D)
ACUTE RETINAL NECROSIS (FIGS 8.29A AND B)
TUBERCULAR GRANULOMA (FIGS 8.30A AND B)
STARGARDT'S MACULAR DYSTROPHY (FIGS 8.31A TO F)
BEST'S VITELLIFORM MACULAR DYSTROPHY (FIGS 8.32A AND B)
BULL'S EYE MACULOPATHY (FIGS 8.33A TO H)
MYOPIC MACULOPATHIES (FIGS 8.34A TO F)
DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) (FIGS 8.35A to D)
WET AMD (FIGS 8.36A TO F)
CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA (FIGS 8.37A AND B)
CENTRAL SEROUS RETINOPATHY (FIGS 8.38A TO D)
RPE DETACHMENT (FIGS 8.39A AND B)
MACULAR HOLE (FIGS 8.40A TO F)
EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE (FIGS 8.41A AND B)
FUNDUS FLAVIMACULATUS (FIGS 8.42A AND B)
FUNDUS ALBIPUNCTATUS (FIGS 8.43A AND B)
HARD DRUSENS (FIGS 8.44A TO F)
SOFT DRUSENS (FIGS 8.45A AND B)
TYPICAL RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA (FIGS 8.46A TO D)
ATYPICAL RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA (FIGS 8.47A TO C)
RP WITH SYSTEMIC ASSOCIATION (FIG. 8.48)
RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT (FIGS 8.49A AND B)
TRACTIONAL RETINAL DETACHMENT (FIGS 8.50A AND B)
EXUDATIVE RETINAL DETACHMENT (FIGS 8.51A AND B)
HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY (FIGS 8.52A AND B)
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Non-proliferative DR (Figs 8.53A to C)
DIABETIC MACULOPATHY (FIGS 8.54A TO C)
PROLIFERATIVE DR (FIGS 8.55A to D)
ADVANCED PROLIFERATIVE DR (FIGS 8.56A TO D)
RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (FIGS 8.57A to D)
RETINOBLASTOMA (FIGS 8.58A AND B)
SUBRETINAL CYSTICERCOSIS (FIGS 8.59A AND B)
CHAPTER 9:
Diseases of the Optic Nerve
MYELINATED NERVE FIBERS (FIGS 9.1A AND B)
CONGENITAL OPTIC DISK PIT (FIG. 9.2)
COLOBOMA OF THE OPTIC DISK (FIGS 9.3A TO C)
Morning glory syndrome (FIG. 9.4)
TILTED DISK (FIGS 9.5A AND B)
NEW VESSELS AT THE DISK (NVD) (FIGS 9.6A AND B)
DISK HEMORRHAGE (FIGS 9.7A AND B)
OPTIC NEURITIS (FIGS 9.8A AND B)
ANTERIOR ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY (AION) (FIGS 9.9A TO D)
PAPILLEDEMA
Early Papilledema (Figs 9.10C and D)
Established (acute) Papilledema (Figs 9.10E and F)
Chronic Papilledema (Figs 9.10G and H)
Atrophic Papilledema (Figs 9.10I and J)
MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION (FIG. 9.11)
OPTIC ATROPHY
Primary Optic Atrophy (Fig. 9.12A)
Secondary Optic Atrophy (Figs 9.12B(i) and (ii))
Consecutive Optic Atrophy (Fig. 9.12C)
Glaucomatous Optic Atrophy (Fig. 9.12D)
TEMPORAL PALLOR (FIGS 9.13A AND B)
OPTIC DISK HEMANGIOMA (FIGS 9.14A AND B)
OPTIC DISK MELANOCYTOMA (FIGS 9.15A AND B)
OPTIC DISK ASTROCYTOMA (FIGS 9.16A AND B)
CHAPTER 10:
Diseases of the Orbit
CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS
CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS (CROUZON) (FIGS 10.1A AND B)
MANDIBULO-FACIAL DYSOSTOSIS (TRECHER-COLIN)
MEDIAN FACIAL-CLEFT SYNDROME (FIG. 10.2)
OXYCEPHALY-SYNDACTYLE (APERT)
HYPERTELORISM (FIG. 10.3)
ORBITAL DYSPLASIA (FIG. 10.4)
ANOPHTHALMOS OR EXTREME MICROPHTHALMOS
ORBITO-PALPEBRAL (COLOBOMATOUS) CYST (FIG. 10.6)
PSEUDOPROPTOSIS (FIGS 10.7A TO C)
ENOPHTHALMOS (FIGS 10.8A TO C)
CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA (FIG. 10.9)
ORBITAL CELLULITIS
Preseptal Cellulitis (Fig. 10.10)
Orbital Cellulitis (Fig. 10.11)
Lymphangioma (Figs 10.12A and B)
GLIOMA OF THE OPTIC NERVE (FIG. 10.13)
RHABDOMYOSARCOMA (FIG. 10.14)
ORBITAL EXTENSION OF RETINOBLASTOMA (FIG. 10.15)
INFLAMMATORY ORBITAL DISEASES (FIG. 10.16)
THYROID OPHTHALMOPATHY (FIGS 10.17A TO C)
CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA (FIG. 10.18)
ORBITAL VARIX (FIGS 10.19A AND B)
MENINGIOMA OF OPTIC NERVE (FIG. 10.20)
CAROTID-CAVERNOUS FISTULA (FIGS 10.21A AND B)
ORBITAL FAT PROLAPSE (FIGS 10.22A AND B)
CONTRACTED SOCKET (FIGS 10.23A TO D)
CHAPTER 11:
Diseases of the Lacrimal Apparatus
ACUTE DACRYOADENITIS (FIG. 11.1)
CHRONIC CANALICULITIS (FIGS 11.2A AND b)
DACRYOPS (FIG. 11.3)
PUNCTAL/CANALICULAR STENOSIS (FIGS 11.4A TO C)
ACUTE DACRYOCYSTITIS (FIGS 11.5A TO D)
CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS (FIGS 11.6A TO D)
TUMORS OF THE LACRIMAL SAC
LACRIMAL FISTULA (FIGS 11.7A AND B)
CHAPTER 12:
Motility Disturbances and Squint
APPARENT SQUINT: PSEUDOSTRABISMUS (FIGS 12.1A AND B)
CONVERGENT CONCOMITANT SQUINT (ESOTROPIA)
Infantile Esotropia(Figs 12.2A and B)
Accommodative Esotropia (Figs 12.3A and B)
Non-accommodative Esotropia (FIG. 12.4)
Non-refractive Accommodative Esotropia
Sensory Esotropia (Fig. 12.5)
Consecutive Esotropia (Fig. 12.6)
DIVERGENT CONCOMITANT SQUINT (EXOTROPIA)
ALTERNATING SQUINT (FIGS 12.10A AND B)
VERTICAL SQUINT (FIGS 12.11A AND B)
INFERIOR OBLIQUE OVERACTION (FIG. 12.12)
TOTAL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA (FIG. 12.13)
EXTERNAL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA (FIG. 12.14)
THIRD (OCULOMOTOR) NERVE PALSY (FIG. 12.15)
FOURTH (TROCHLEAR) NERVE PALSY (FIGS 12.16A AND B)
SIXTH (ABDUCENS) NERVE PALSY (FIG. 12.17)
DUANE'S RETRACTION SYNDROME (FIG. 12.18)
SUPERIOR OBLIQUE TENDON-SHEATH SYNDROME (BROWN'S SYNDROME) (FIG. 12.19)
DOUBLE ELEVATOR PALSY (FIG. 12.20)
STRABISMUS FIXUS (FIG. 12.21)
CHAPTER 13:
Ocular Injuries
CONTUSIONS (BLUNT INJURIES)
VARIOUS EFFECTS RESULTING FROM CONTUSIONS
Eyelids (Figs 13.1A to C)
Conjunctiva
Cornea
Sclera
Anterior Chamber
Iris
Ciliary Body
Crystalline Lens
Vitreous (See Chapter 8)
CHOROID (FIG. 13.9)
Retina
Optic nerve
Orbit
PENETRATING (PERFORATING) INJURIES
Immediate Effect of Trauma
Signs of Globe Perforation (Figs 13.14A to C)
INTRODUCTION OF INFECTION
SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMIA
FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EYE
Extraocular Foreign Bodies
Conjunctival Foreign Body
Corneal Foreign Body
Ciliary Congestion
Intraocular Foreign Body (IOFB)
Siderosis Bulbi (Figs 13.19A to C)
Chalcosis Bulbi (Fig. 13.20)
MISCELLANEOUS ORGANIC MATERIALS
CHEMICAL INJURIES (BURNS)
Acute Phase (up to 1 week)
Early Reparative Phase (1-3 weeks) (Figs 13.22C and D)
Late Reparative Phase (3 weeks - months) (Figs 13.22E to G)
Thermal Burns (Figs 13.23A and B)
MISCELLANEOUS INJURIES
Blast Injuries (Figs 13.24A to C)
RADIATIONAL INJURIES (FIGS 13.25A TO C)
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