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The Art of History Taking
Kashinath Padhiary
CHAPTER 1:
General Considerations
THE CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
Importance of History Taking
History Taking—an Art
Sequence of History Taking
The Leading Question
From Whom History to be Collected?
Observing for Nonverbal Communications
CHAPTER 2:
Personal Information
AGE
SEX
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
OCCUPATION
CHAPTER 3:
Chief Complaints
THE CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
Let us Discuss a Few Examples
RECORDING THE CHIEF COMPLAINTS
GENUINE NATURE OF THE COMPLAINTS
Convulsions
Loss of Consciousness
Breathlessness
Weight Loss
Appetite
Vomiting
Fever and Chill
Hemoptysis and Hematemesis
Poisoning
THE STARTING COMPLAINT
DURATION OF COMPLAINTS
CHAPTER 4:
History of Present Illness
INTRODUCTION
CircumstancesUnder Which the Disease Started
Associated Complaints
Fever
Swelling of the Body
Breathlessness
Joint Pain
Negative History
CHAPTER 5:
History of Past Illness
SIMILAR ILLNESS
SIGNIFICANT ILLNESS
HISTORY OF DIABETES MELLITUS
HISTORY OF TUBERCULOSIS
HISTORY OF HYPERTENSION
HISTORY OF SYPHILIS
CHAPTER 6:
Family History
GENETICALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
Autosomal Dominant Disorders
Autosomal Recessive Disorders
X-linked Recessive Disorders
X-linked Dominant Disorders (Rare)
FAMILIAL CLUSTERING OF DISEASES
CHAPTER 7:
Community History
CHAPTER 8:
Personal History
FOOD HABIT
ADDICTION AND HABITUATION
Alcohol
Smoking
The Respiratory Problems
The Cardiovascular Problems
Cancers
Opium
Drugs
SLEEP
Insomnia
Excessive Sleep
Reversal of Sleep Rhythm
BOWEL AND BLADDER
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
MARITAL STATUS
EXERCISE
PETS
CHAPTER 9:
Menstrual and Obstetric History
CHAPTER 10:
Treatment History
CHAPTER 11:
History in Cases of Fever
IS THE COMPLAINT GENUINE?
INFECTIVE FEVER OR NON-INFECTIVE FEVER?
Infective Fevers
Abrupt Onset of Fever
If Associated with Prodromal Symptoms
If Associated with Chill and Rigor
If it is High Fever
Associated with Systemic Manifestations
Non-infective Fevers
Fevers of Short Duration
Fevers of Long Duration
DIAGNOSTIC CLUES IN A CASE OF FEVER
Duration of Fever
Prevalence of the Febrile Illness in a Particular Locality
History of Recent Travel
History of Epidemic
Associated Complaints
Fever Pattern
Time of Onset of Fever
Degree of Fever
CHAPTER 12:
History in Cardiovascular Disorders
THE CHIEF COMPLAINTS
HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS
Dyspnea
Chest Pain
Swelling of the Body (edema)
Syncope
Palpitation
Hemoptysis
Fever
Neurological Deficit
Respiratory Infections
Cyanosis
HISTORY OF PAST ILLNESS
History of Similar Illnesses
History of Significant Illnesses
Acute Rheumatic Fever
Hypertension
Diabetes Mellitus
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Chronic Respiratory Illnesses
Maternal Illnesses and Therapy
FAMILY HISTORY
PERSONAL HISTORY
TREATMENT HISTORY
MENSTRUAL HISTORY
CHAPTER 13:
History in Neurological Disorders
NATURE OF THE LESION
Gradual Onset and Progressive Course
Degenerative Disorders
Space Occupying Lesions (SOL)
Gradual Onset and Regressing Course (tendency to improve)
Deficiency Disorders
Acute Onset and Worsening Course
Cerebrovascular Disease
Acute Onset and Regressing Course
Cerebro-vascular Disease
Demyelinating Diseases
Infective Diseases
Limitations of the Scheme to Decide the Nature of the Lesion
STRUCTURES INVOLVED
Frontal Lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Cerebellar Lesions
CRANIAL NERVES
First Cranial Nerve
Second Cranial Nerve
Third/ Fourth/ Sixth Cranial Nerve
Fifth Cranial Nerve
Seventh Nerve
Eighth Nerve
Ninth, Tenth Cranial Nerves
Eleventh Cranial Nerve
Twelfth Nerve
MOTOR SYSTEM
SENSORY SYSTEM
Sensory Loss in Patches
Mono-neuropathic Type
Poly-neuropathic Type
Root Type
Tract Type
Hemi Sensory Loss
Hemi Sensory Loss With Thalamic Over Reaction
Cortical Type of Sensory Loss
SITE OF LESION
APPROACH TO A CASE WITH SPINAL CORD DISEASE
Features of Compressive Myelopathy
PAST HISTORY IN A NEUROLOGICAL CASE
Similar Illnesses
Significant Illnesses
FAMILY HISTORY IN A NEUROLOGICAL CASE
PERSONAL HISTORY
TREATMENT HISTORY
CHAPTER 14:
History in Respiratory Disorders
COUGH
DYSPNEA
Dyspnea of Long Duration
Dyspnea of Short Duration
HEMOPTYSIS
FEVER
CHEST PAIN
Respiratory
Cardiac
Chest Wall
Referred
PAST HISTORY
Similar Illnesses
Significant Illness
FAMILY HISTORY
PERSONAL HISTORY
CHAPTER 15:
History in Gastrointestinal Disorders
ABDOMINAL PAIN
Acute Abdominal Pain
Types of Pain
Chronic Abdominal Pain
ABDOMINAL SWELLING
Localized Abdominal Swelling
Generalized Abdominal Swelling
VOMITING
Duration
Short Duration Vomiting
Long Duration Vomiting
Timing
Content of the Vomitus
Special Features
Associated Symptoms
JAUNDICE
Hemolytic
Hepatocellular
Obstructive
GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING
Hematemesis and Melena
Whether it is hematemesis or hemoptysis?
What is the Amount?
What is the Probable Cause?
Hematochezia/Bleeding per Anum
DYSPHAGIA
Past History in a Case of Dysphagia
DIARRHEA AND CONSTIPATION
Diarrhea
Diarrhea of Short Duration (less than 2 weeks)
Diarrhea of Long Duration (Chronic Diarrhea)
Constipation
Long Duration
Short Duration
WEIGHT LOSS
CHAPTER 16:
History in Genitourinary Disorders
OLIGURIA
ANURIA
POLYURIA/ NOCTURIA
FREQUENCY OF URINATION
PAIN
FEVER
HEMATURIA
PASSAGE OF WHITISH URINE
LUMP
RETENTION/ HESITENCY
INCONTINENCE
SWELLING OF THE BODY
SIGNIFICANT PAST HISTORY IN URINARY DISEASES
FAMILY HISTORY
CHAPTER 17:
History in Hematological Disorders
HISTORY OF PAST ILLNESS IN HEMATOLOGICAL DISEASES
FAMILY HISTORY IN HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS
PERSONAL HISTORY IN HEMATOLOGICAL DISEASES
MENSTRUAL AND OBSTETRICS HISTORY
CHAPTER 18:
History in Unconscious Patients
HISTORY OF PAST ILLNESSES
HISTORY IN PATIENTS WITH TRANSIENT LOSS OF UNCONSCIOUSNESS
INDEX
TOC
Index
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