Jaypee’s Review of Orthopaedics Nadeem Ashraf, Lubna Ashraf
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Jaypee's
Review of Orthopaedics
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Jaypee's
Review of Orthopaedics
(More than 2000 MCQs with explanatory answers including questions from various recent PG Entrance Examinations like All India, AIIMS, PGI, Manipal, NAMS, TU, NIMS, etc.)
Author Nadeem Ashraf MBBS (Gold Medalist), MS Ortho (NAMS) Registrar, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Capital Hospital and Research Centre Kathmandu, Nepal Co-Author Lubna Ashraf MBBCh MD (Gyn and Obs) Final Year Resident, Prasuti Griha National Academy of Medical Sciences Kathmandu, Nepal Forewords Jwala Raj Pandey Ashok Ratna Bajracharya
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Published by
Jitendar P Vij
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
Corporate Office
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Jaypee's Review of Orthopaedics
© 2009, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author and the publisher.
This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by author is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and author will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only.
First Edition: 2009
9788184486285
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at
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To
My parents
Who made me what I am today
and
My teacher, guide, mentor
An epitome of knowledge and skill
and
A legend in the field of Orthopaedics
“Vikas Ratan” Prof (Dr) Ashok Ratna Bajracharya
Who instilled in me the basics of Orthopaedics
and
Crafted me into an Orthopaedic Surgeon
5Foreword
It gives me great pleasure to write a few words in praise of the book “Review of Orthopaedics” compiled and written by Dr Ashraf. I have known him for quite some years since he joined the MS Orthopaedic Programme at the National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
As a person he is a very diligent, endeavouring, intelligent and amicable young man. His biodata prior to his joining the postgraduate programme at NAMS shows that he has been a bright student all throughout his career and has always remained keen to enhance his academic and professional capabilities. He has always been in the forefront of all academic activities at NAMS, such as clinical case presentation, topic presentation and grand rounds. At various assessment examinations held during the past three years, he has always stood as an excellent resident.
The author's genuine interest to share his personal experience as a postgraduate student with the others has been exemplified by his painstaking work of compiling a book of possible questions that may appear in the examination and providing their correct answers. He has spent a great deal of time in searching all possible resources to compile this book and has scrutinised the correctness of each answer.
I am sure all the PG aspiring students as well as interns and residents will get a lot of help and benefit by studying this book. This will certainly prepare them to appear at the examination with increased confidence.
I wish the book and the author good success.
Prof (Dr) Jwala Raj Pandey
FRCS MCh Ortho (Liverpool) FNAMS
Professor of Orthopaedics, Kathmandu University
B and B Hospital
Visiting Professor, NAMS
6Foreword
It was a very great news for me when I came to know that Dr Ashraf has authored a book on Orthopaedics. It is with great pride and gratification that I penned these few words as a foreword to this herculean effort. Strong willpower, dedication, determination, devotion and a little detachment from routine family activities are essential to mould such a masterpiece.
My hearty congratulations and best wishes to him for having accomplished such a huge task at a very early stage of his career. I have known him for a very long time, initially as my student in MS Programme and later as a Registrar in my hospital. To be frank, he has always remained one of my most favourite students. He has always been very laborious, punctual, dedicated and of course very smart and intelligent guy. His depth of knowledge in orthopaedics, clinical acumen and surgical skills are impeccable, a glimpse of which is reflected in this book titled “Review of Orthopaedics”. He has always remained as an outstanding student in PG examinations with his extraordinary performance.
He has made a valiant effort to prepare MCQs with explanatory answers chapter-wise with references from standard textbooks for easy understanding and assimilation.
I personally recommend this invaluable piece of work to all the PG entrance examination appearing students of India and Nepal and also to PG students of Orthopaedics.
I wholeheartedly wish all his efforts a great success.
Prof (Dr) Ashok Ratna Bajracharya
MBBS MS (Ortho) MCh (Ortho, Liverpool) FICS (USA)
Fellowship in Spine Surgery (USA)
Professor and Head
Department of Orthopedics and Spine Surgery
Coordinator, MS Orthopedics Programme
National Academy of Medical Sciences
Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
7Preface
“Master's Degree (MD/MS)” is the dream of each and every MBBS graduate, I guess. I always found that the subject of Orthopaedics is relatively alien to the MBBS graduates compared to other subjects. It may be due to the fact that the time of exposure to this speciality is very short for undergraduates during clinical exposure or internship. I really had difficulty in preparing for the PG entrance examination in the subject of Orthopaedics as I didn't find any full fledged preparatory guide for this subject. I myself prepared notes but later realised that knowing subject is different from answering MCQs correctly. Though you may know everything in Orthopaedics but still you may fail to answer the MCQs correctly. Knowing the subject is not adequate, you should be able to know how to apply the knowledge you have acquired in answering the multiple-choice questions. For that, all that you need is ample practice and good guidance. Because most of the MCQs are very confusing and are not straightforward, you should be knowing ins and outs of the topic to answer correctly. In this age of increasing cut throat competition, the depth of the subject being asked in the entrance examinations is increasing year by year especially at national level PG entrance examinations like AIIMS, JIPMER, PGI, All India PG Entrance Exams, NIMS, Manipal, AMU, CMC, etc., state level exams of various states and PG entrance exams of Nepal like, NIMS, NAMS, IOM (TUTH), BPKIHS (Dharan), etc.
I analysed the question papers of previous years’ exams and was surprised to learn that some of the questions from very recent papers of these exams are of very high standards including questions about subspecialties in Orthopaedics like arthroplasty, arthroscopy, hand surgery, sports medicine, orthopaedic oncology, etc. in answering which even a PG student may have little confusion and difficulty. And everyone knows that it is these few questions that decide your success in PG entrance examination. This book is definitely not a substitute to the standard textbooks, but it certainly hones your skills and ability to answer the MCQs. Though I included many of the previous entrance examination questions, you may not get 100% same questions in your exam, but you can expect similar format and this book familiarises you with the current trend. The book is intended to provide the students with a “ready to read” material and MCQs in a single book for quick reference to save time and to ensure maximum productivity in the exams. This book is a perfect blend of original questions and questions from previous PG entrance examinations.8
What I suggest to the students is, first of all, they should go through the topic thoroughly and then try to answer the questions. You can then check your answers and can spot where and why you went wrong. For this purpose, the questions are arranged topic-wise to be more comprehensive and systematic. Each and every answer is provided with the source from which it is taken, so in case of any confusion, the students can go to the related text and consolidate their knowledge.
At the end of the book, a Mock Test is given to simulate a typical PG entrance examination. Students are expected to attempt this section in a serious examination atmosphere and evaluate their knowledge and performance and locate and strengthen their areas of weakness. The answers provided are thoroughly scrutinised and references provided from more than one standard book. So the authenticity of the answers should not be doubted to the best of my knowledge.
Great care has been taken to avoid all sorts of errors, either manual or typographical; to err is human, so all errors of omission or commission that might have crept in are regretted. All constructive criticism and valuable suggestions for the improvement of this work are earnestly solicited and will be acknowledged in the subsequent editions.
This book definitely gives you an edge over others. Undoubtedly, it is very useful to all the PG aspirants, it even helps a lot to postgraduate students to consolidate their depth of knowledge and I guess many postgraduate (MS) exams have some MCQs included in the final paper.
Nadeem Ashraf
9Acknowledgements
It is indeed a great pleasure rather utmost honour for me to thank for the role played by a myriad of people in completing this book.
First and foremost, I offer my hearty gratitude to The Almighty to Whom I owe every success of my life. I really can't find words to thank my parents who gave me everything without being asked and made me what I'm today.
I owe my earnest and humble respect and gratitude to my Prof (Dr) Ashok Ratna Bajracharya for teaching ABCs in this vast ocean of subject. I'm extremely grateful to my teacher Prof Jwala Raj Pandey, the first Orthopaedic Surgeon of Nepal and a moving encyclopedia of the subject who has been very kind to me in not only going through my script and giving valuable suggestions but also for giving a foreword to this book.
I express my heartfelt gratitude and sense of indebtedness to my respected teachers Prof (Dr) Achyut Rajbhandari, Associate Professor (Col) Bacchu Ram KC and others who inspired and supported me.
I am immensely beholden to my dearest friend Dr Shriraj Shrestha, Department of Orthopaedics, KIST Medical College, for contributing a lot to the chapter on Orthopaedic Oncology. I am more than thankful to my better half, Dr Lubna, my co-author, for her encouragement and believing in me that I can accomplish such a huge task. My hearty bunch of gratitudes to her for her unstinted cooperation in each and every step of this book right from the beginning, inspite of her busy schedule as a gynecologist and obstetric resident. I sincerely acknowledge the painstaking efforts of my junior colleague Dr Sailendra Shrestha in developing the work up to the present standard.
My inimitable thanks to Dr (Major) Amit Joshi for his encouragement, care, inspiration and fabulous guidance. I would like to express my profound esteem and gratitude to my seniors and junior brothers at NAMS who directly and indirectly helped me a lot in completion of this book. Gratitude from the bottom of my heart finds its way to all the intern doctors (Dr Abhay Karki, Dr Shikha Shrestha, Dr Babita Khanal, Dr Sweta Baral and others) who helped me in typing the manuscript at the initial stages of this book.
I offer my sincere thanks and affection to my colleagues Dr Niraj Shreshta, Dr Gopesh Kr Thakur and Dr (Major) Bishnu Babu Thapa for their continuous support, help and encouragement throughout my study period, for being so nice friends and making my stay in Kathmandu quite comfortable and extremely pleasant.10
Special thanks to Dr Achala Baidhya, Associate Professor, Coordinator, MD (Gynecology and Obstetric Programme), Prasuti Griha, NAMS for her invaluable help.
The invaluable patience my family showered on me during this study is unforgettable. In this context, I owe my heartiest bunch of gratitudes and approbations to my dearest uncle Dr Md Yousuf Ali who has always been there for me and supported me in all ways.
Last but not the least, I express my sincere gratitude to M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, for making the idea of this book a reality. Had it not been for their cooperation, this book would not have taken its form. Special approbation to Mr Suman Samanta of Jaypee Brothers (Kolkata Branch) for his invaluable help.
12Tips to the Students
We Wish All of You The Very Best in Your Examinations!
13References
  1. Campbell's Operative Orthopedics, 11th Edition
  1. Apley's System of Orthopedics, 8th Edition
  1. Turek's Orthopedics, 5th Edition
  1. Miller's Review of Orthopedics, 4th Edition
  1. Mercer's Textbook of Orthopaedics, 9th Edition
  1. Brinker's Orthopedic Trauma, 1st Edition
  1. John Ebnezar's Textbook of Orthopedics, 3rd Edition
  1. Natarajan's Textbook of Orthopedics, 4th Edition
  1. Maheswari's Textbook of Orthopedics, 3rd Edition
  1. Bailey & Love's Textbook of Surgery, 25th Edition
  1. Rockwood's and Green's Fractures in Adults, 6th Edition
  1. Rockwood's and Green's Fractures in Children, 6th Edition
  1. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition
  1. Gray's Anatomy, 39th Edition
  1. Snell's Anatomy, 7th Edition
  1. AK Dutta's Anatomy, 3rd Edition
  1. Recent Advances in Orthopedics, 1st Edition
  1. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 8th Edition
  1. Stewart's Tractions and Appliances, 2nd Edition
  1. TB of Skeletal System-SM Tuli, 2nd Edition