Hospital Administration DC Joshi, Mamta Joshi
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INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION

Hospital Administration—the BeginningCHAPTER 1

 
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE(1820–1910)
Florence Nightingale was born on 12 May 1820, and named after the city of her birth (Fig. 1.1). Her wealthy parents were in Florence as part of a tour of Europe. In 1837, Nightingale felt that God was calling her to do some work but wasn't sure what that work should be. She began to develop an interest in nursing, but her parents continued it to be a profession inappropriate to a woman of her class and background, and would not allow her to train as a nurse. They expected her to make a good marriage and live a conventional upper class woman's life. Nightingale's parents eventually relented and in 1851, she went to Kaiserwerth in Germany for 3 months nursing training. This enabled her to become superintendent of a hospital for Gentlewomen in Harley Street, in 1853. The following year, the Crimean War began and soon reports in the newspapers were describing the desperate lack of proper medical facilities for wounded British soldiers at the front. Sidney Herbert, the war minister, already knew Nightingale, and asked her to oversee a team of nurses in the military hospitals in Turkey. In November 1854, she arrived in Scutari in Turkey. With her nurses, she greatly improved the conditions and substantially reduced the mortality rate.1 Florence Nightingale earned the nickname “The Lady With the Lamp” for her tireless nursing of British soldiers during the Crimean War.2
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Fig. 1.1: Florence Nightingale (1820–1910)
She returned to England in 1856. In 1860 she established the Nightingale Training School for nurses at St Thomas' Hospital in London.3 Once the nurses were trained, they were sent to hospitals all over Britain, where they introduced the ideas they had learnt, and established nursing training on the Nightingale model. Nightingale's theories, published in ‘Notes on Nursing’ (1860), were hugely influential and her concerns for sanitation, military health and hospital planning established practices which are still in existence today.1 Her outspoken Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency and Hospital Administration of the British Army (1857) and Notes on Hospitals (1859) helped create changes in hygiene and overall treatment of patients. She also founded the groundbreaking Nightingale Training School for 2nurses, and in later years published dozens of books and pamphlets on public health. Nightingale was awarded the Royal Red Cross by Queen Victoria in 1883, and in 1907 became the first woman to receive the Order of Merit. She died on 13 August 1910.2 Florence Nightingale is rightly called the father of Hospital Administration.
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