Nutrition & Biochemistry for Nurses Jacob Anthikad
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1Nutrition and Biochemistry for Nurses
2Nutrition and Biochemistry for Nurses
Jacob Anthikad MA (Psy) BEd MS (Chem) DTech (Biochem) Retired Wing Commander Indian Air Force (IAF) Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Visiting Professor Kempa Gowda College of Nursing MS Ramaiah College of Nursing St. John's College of Nursing St. Philomena's College of Nursing Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
3Published by
Jitendar P Vij
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
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Nutrition and Biochemistry for Nurses
© 2009 Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author and the publisher.
This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by author is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and author will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error (s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only.
First Edition: 2009
9788184486919
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at
4
To
Student Nurses around the country whose questions and comments continue to inspire the fine tuning of this textbook
5Preface
This textbook has been carefully prepared as per the latest basic BSc (Nursing) Syllabus of the Nursing Council (2004 revision) where nutrition has been combined with biochemistry. Nutrition is a relatively new science, which evolved from biochemistry and physiology. It is often treated as a branch of chemical science or biochemistry.
The separation of biochemistry in the syllabus is sometimes arbitrary. As an author, I have tried to separate some more principles of biochemistry from nutrition aspects and group them with the biochemistry portion of the prescribed syllabus. Blood chemistry and urinalysis have been included in Biochemistry as chapters 16 and 17 and will be essential for Pathology to be studied later in the basic BSc (Nursing) course. MCQs and plenty of study questions have been added to make the text still more student friendly. Readers' constructive suggestions are most welcome and will be implemented in the subsequent editions.
I am grateful to Shri Jitendar P Vij (Chairman and Managing Director) and Mr Tarun Duneja (Director-Publishing) of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, for their constant support and encouragement.
Jacob Anthikad
6
Normal Values
Test
Normal values
Test
Normal values
□ FBS
70–100 mg%
Calcium
8.5–10.5 mg%
□ RBS
80–120 mg%
□ Phosphorus
2.5–5 mg%
□ PPBS
100–140 mg%
□ Lipid Profile
□ Urine Sugar
Nil
□ Cholesterol
150–250 mg%*
□ Glycosylated Hb.
4.5-8%
□ HDL Cholesterol
30–70 mg%*
□ Urea
10–45 mg%
□ Triglyceride
10–160 mg%
□ Creatinine
0.7–1.5 mg%
□ VLDL
6–40 mg%
□ LDL
180 mg%
□ Uric Acid
3–7 mg%
□ Acid Phosphatase
0–3 KAU/dl
□ Sodium
133–143 mEq/L
□ Amylase
25–125 U/dl
□ Potassium
3.9–5.3 mEq/L
□ Chloride
98–108 mEq/L
□ Blood non-protein Nitrogen (NPN)
20–40 mg%
*Better to keep serum cholesterol level below 200 mg%
□ Liver Functions Tests
□ Iron Profile
□ Total Protein
6–8 g/dl
□ Iron
60–150 ug/dl
□ Albumin
3.4–5 g/dl
□ TIBC
230–380 ug/dl
□ A/G Ratio
1.2–1.7
□ Transferrin
1.2–2 g/dl
□ Total Bilirubin
0.2–1.2 mg%
□ Transferrin Satn.
20-50%
□ Conj. Bilirubin
0.1–0.4 mg%
□ Urine
□ SGOT (AST)
5–50 IU/L
□ Creatinine
1.0–1.8
□ SGPT (ALT)
5–50 IU/L
□ Reducing sugars
100 mg/day
□ Alkaline Phosphatase
100–250 IU/L
□ Urea
30 gm/day
□ Gamma G.T. (GGT)
10–45 IU/L
□ Uric acid
0.8 gm/day
□ CPK
0–192 IU/L
□ Chloride as NaCl
10–15 gm/day
□ CPK - B
0–13 IU/L
□ Urobilinogen
0.4 gm/day
□ CPK - MB
0–25 IU/L
□ Ketone bodies
1 mg/day
□ LDH
200–400 IU/L
□ Phosphorus
10 gm/day
□ Titrable acidity
200–400 ml N/10 acid