Index

Fundamentals of Physiology: A Textbook for Students of Nursing, Medicine, Dentistry and Allied Courses RL Bijlani

CHAPTER 1: Getting Introduced to Physiology
- THE UNICELLULAR ORGANISM
- MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
  - What About the Other Systems?
- PRINCIPLES OF REGULATION: CONTROL SYSTEMS
  - Response Characteristics of a Control System
  - Additional Complexities in Control Systems
    - Variable Set Point
    - Anticipatory Control
- PHYSIOLOGY AS THE BASIS OF MEDICINE
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 2: Fundamentals of Cell Biology
- THE CELL MEMBRANE
  - Cell Junctions
- THE ORGANELLES
- INCLUSIONS
- NUCLEUS
- COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CELLS
- CELL DIVISION
  - Mitosis
  - Meiosis
- GENETICS
- CONCLUSION
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 3: Physicochemical Principles of Biological Transport
- PASSIVE TRANSPORT
- ACTIVE TRANSPORT
  - Secondary Active Transport
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 4: Blood
- PLASMA
  - Plasma Proteins
    - Origin
    - Functions
- RED BLOOD CELLS
- ANEMIA
- JAUNDICE
  - Physiological Jaundice
- WHITE BLOOD CELLS
  - Types of WBC
- IMMUNE MECHANISMS
- PLATELETS
- COAGULATION
- HEMOPOIESIS
  - Regulation of Erythropoiesis
- BLOOD GROUPS
  - ABO System
  - Blood Transfusion
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 5: Cardiovascular System
- THE ROUTE OF CIRCULATION
- CARDIAC MUSCLE
  - Pacemaker and Conduction Tissue
- RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
  - Potassium
  - Chloride
  - Sodium
  - Proteins
- ACTION POTENTIAL
  - Pacemaker Potential
  - Ionic Basis of Action Potential
- THE CARDIAC IMPULSE
- PROPERTIES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE
  - Automaticity
  - Rhythmicity
  - Long Refractory Period
  - All or None Law
  - Length-tension Relationship
- ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
  - Configuration of the ECG
  - The ECG Leads
  - Configuration of the Electrocardiogram
  - Electrical Axis of the Heart
- CARDIAC CYCLE
- CARDIAC OUTPUT
  - Determination of Cardiac Output
  - Factors Affecting Cardiac Output
    - Factors Affecting Stroke Volume
    - Factors Affecting Heart Rate
- ARTERIES
- CAPILLARIES
  - Fluid Exchange across Capillaries: Starling's Hypothesis
- LYMPHATICS
  - Functions of Lymphatics
- EDEMA
- VEINS
  - What Kejpg Blood Flowing in the Veins
- REGULATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION
  - Neural Center for Cardiovascular Regulation
  - Mediation of Effects of Cardiovascular Centers
  - Baroreceptor Reflex
  - Chemoreceptor Reflex
  - CNS Ischemic Response
  - Local Regulation
  - Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
  - Regulation of Blood Pressure
    - Short-term Regulation
    - Long-term Regulation
  - Hypertension
    - Classification of Hypertension
- CORONARY CIRCULATION
  - Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow
    - Neural Regulation
    - Chemical Regulation
- CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
- SHOCK
  - Hypovolemic Shock
  - Cardiogenic Shock
  - Neurogenic Shock
  - Anaphylactic Shock
  - Septic Shock
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 6:Respiratory System
- FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
  - Volumes and Capacities
  - Some More Volumes Relevant to Pulmonary Physiology
- MECHANICS OF BREATHING
- OXYGEN TRANSPORT
- CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORT
- REGULATION OF RESPIRATION
  - Neural Regulation of Respiration
  - Chemical Regulation of Respiration
    - Central Chemoreceptors
    - Peripheral Chemoreceptors
- PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS
- APPLIED RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 7: Adaptation to Environment
- REGULATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE
- ACCLIMATIZATION TO HOT ENVIRONMENT
- HEAT SYNDROMES
- ACCLIMATIZATION TO COLD ENVIRONMENT
  - Hypothermia
- LIFE AT HIGH ALTITUDE
- CONCLUSION
- QUESTION
- ANSWER
CHAPTER 8: Gastrointestinal System
- FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
  - Blood Supply
  - Nerve Supply
- FOOD IN THE MOUTH
  - Salivary Secretion
    - Functions of Saliva
    - Regulation of Salivary Secretion
  - Swallowing
    - The Swallowing Reflex
- FOOD IN THE STOMACH
- PEPTIC ULCER
  - Factors which Increase Secretion
  - Factors which Decrease Mucosal Defence
- PANCREATIC SECRETION
  - Regulation of Pancreatic Secretion
    - Hormonal Mechanisms
    - Neural Mechanisms
- BILE
  - Regulation of Biliary Secretion
- THE SMALL INTESTINE
- THE LARGE INTESTINE
- MOTILITY OF THE GUT
- GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION TESTS
- FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER
- LIVER FUNCTION TESTS
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 9: Nutrition and Metabolism
- ENERGY METABOLISM
  - Energy Intake
  - Energy Expenditure
- CARBOHYDRATES
- FATS
- PROTEINS
- VITAMINS
- MINERALS
- RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES
- BALANCED DIET
- NUTRITION DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
  - Nutritional Requirements during Pregnancy
  - Nutritional Requirements during Lactation
- NUTRITION DURING INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 10: Excretory System
- FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
- MECHANISM OF URINE FORMATION
- ROLE OF KIDNEYS IN ACID BASE BALANCE
- PHYSIOLOGY OF MICTURITION
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 11: Endocrine System
- CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONES
- MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HORMONES WITH INTRACELLULAR RECEPTORS
- MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HORMONES WITH CELL MEMBRANE RECEPTORS
  - Hormone-induced Activation of Adenylyl Cyclase
  - Other Second Messengers
- HYPOTHALAMIC AND PITUITARY HORMONES
- THYROID GLAND
- PARATHYROID GLANDS
  - Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion
- OTHER HORMONES AFFECTING CALCIUM METABOLISM
  - Calcitriol
  - Calcitonin
- ADRENAL CORTEX
- ADRENAL MEDULLA
- PANCREAS
  - Insulin
  - Glucagon
- GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 12: Reproductive System
- SEX DETERMINATION
  - Sex Chromatin
- GENERAL SCHEME OF REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION
- PUBERTY
  - Why is Hormonal Secretion Low in Childhood?
  - What Increases the Hormonal Secretion at Puberty
- MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- PREGNANCY
- LACTATION
- CONTRACEPTION
  - Contraceptives for Men
  - Contraceptives for Women
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 13: Physiology of Locomotion
- FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
  - Muscle Fiber
    - Organization of Contractile Elements
    - Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
- RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
- TWO STEPS TO ACTIVATION
- ACTION POTENTIAL
  - Ionic Basis of Action Potential
- NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION
- CONTRACTION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
- ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
- SMOOTH MUSCLE
- PHYSIOLOGY OF NERVE FIBERS
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 14: Nervous System: General Concepts
- COORDINATION NEEDS COMMUNICATION
- REFLEX ARC AND REFLEXES
- CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
- SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
  - Structure of a Synapse
  - The Process of Synaptic Transmission
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 15: Nervous System: Sensory Functions
- SKIN
- TRANSDUCTION
  - Receptor Potential
- ACTION POTENTIAL
- ADAPTATION
- FROM PERIPHERY TO CENTER
- DESCENDING FIBERS OF THE SENSORY SYSTEM
- PAIN
- VISION
- HEARING
- TASTE
- SMELL
- CONCLUSION
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 16: Nervous System: Motor Functions
- SPINAL MOTOR MECHANISMS
- BRAIN STEM MOTOR MECHANISMS
- CORTICAL MOTOR MECHANISMS
- THE CEREBELLUM
- BASAL GANGLIA
- CONCLUSION
- QUESTION
- ANSWER
CHAPTER 17: Nervous System: Visceral Functions and Motivation
- AUTONOMIC FUNCTIONS
- LIMBIC SYSTEM
- HYPOTHALAMUS
  - Functional Anatomy
  - Functions of Hypothalamus
- CONCLUSION
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS
CHAPTER 18: Nervous System: Sleep-wakefulness and Higher Functions
- RETICULAR FORMATION
  - Anatomy
    - Efferent Connections
    - Afferent Connections
  - Functions
- ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
  - Physiological Basis of EEG
  - EEG Waveforms
- SLEEP-WAKEFULNESS
- SPEECH
- LEARNING
- MEMORY
  - Neural Substrate of Memory
  - Cellular and Molecular Basis of Memory
    - Long-term Potentiation
- CONCLUSION
- QUESTION
- ANSWER
CHAPTER 19: Vital Regulations
- PHYSIOLOGY OF EXERCISE
- PHYSIOLOGY OF FLUID BALANCE
  - Fluid Compartments of the Body
    - Blood Volume
  - Regulation of Blood Volume and the Volume of Other Body Fluids
    - Short-term Regulation
    - Long-term Regulation
- REGULATION OF ACID-BASE BALANCE
- CONCLUSION
- QUESTION
- ANSWER
CHAPTER 20: Yoga
- WHAT IS YOGA
- SCHOOLS OF YOGA
- THE YOGIC ATTITUDE
- THE YOGIC PRACTICES
- PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF YOGA
- YOGA IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
- MECHANISMS UNDERLYING EFFECTS OF YOGA
- CONCLUSION
- QUESTIONS
- ANSWERS

INDEX

TOC
Index

Chapter Notes