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Basics of Biomechanics Ajay Bahl, Sharad Ranga, Rajnish Sharma

1:Motion
- UNIFORM MOTION
- NON UNIFORM MOTION
- GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF UNIFORM AND NON UNIFORM MOTION
- GALILEO'S STUDY ON THE MOTION OF OBJECTS
- NEWTON'S LAW OF MOTION
2:Force
- BALANCED FORCES
- THE UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION
- UNIVERSAL GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT
3:Velocity
4:Acceleration
5:Friction
6:Work
7:Energy
8:Power
9:Scalar and Vector Quantities
10:Torque
11:Rotation
12:Body Movements
- MOVEMENTS OF THE NECK
- MOVEMENTS OF THE SPINE
- MOVEMENTS OF SHOULDER
13:Normal Human Locomotion
- MEASURING OF THE EXTERNAL FORCES
14:Pathological Gaits or Abnormal Walking
- REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GAITS ARE
  - Results
15:ADL
- DEFINITION
- SCOPE OF ADL IN REHABILITATION
- IMPORTANT AREAS IN WHICH ADL PLAY SIGNIFICANT ROLE
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF ADL TRAINING
- GOALS OF SELF-HELP DEVICES (SHD)
- MAIN GOALS OR FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF AIDS
  - I. Personal Factors
    - Physical status
    - Main Goals
- PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ACCEPTANCE OF DISABILITY AND AIDS
- PRINCIPLES OF MATERIAL DESIGNING
- ROLE OF OT AND PT IN ADL
  - Different Approaches of ADL
  - ADL Scale—“FIM SCALE” (Functional Independence Measures)
16:Prosthesis
- DEFINITION
- PRINCIPLES OF PROSTHETICS
  - Contraindications
17:Lower Extremity Prosthesis
- I. ENDOSKELETAL PROSTHESIS (INTERNAL SUPPORT)
  - Advantages
- II. EXOSKELETAL PROSTHESIS
- I. PARTIAL FOOT PROSTHESIS
  - LEVEL OF AMPUTATION AND PROSTHESIS REQUIRED
- II. SYME ANKLE DISARTICULATION AND SYME PROSTHESIS
18:Upper Limb Prosthesis
- TYPES
  - Body Powered Prosthesis
  - Externally Powered Prosthesis
- PARTIAL HAND AMPUTATION AND PROSTHESIS
  - Indications
- LEVELS OF AMPUTATION (FIG. 18.1)
- WRIST DISARTICULATION AND TRANSRADIAL (BELOW ELBOW AMPUTATION) BELOW ELBOW PROSTHESIS
- COMPONENTS OF DEFINITIVE BELOW ELBOW PROSTHESIS
- ELBOW DISARTICULATION AND ABOVE ELBOW AMPUTATION AND PROSTHESIS
- FIRST CABLE OR ELBOW FLEXION/TERMINAL DEVICE CONTROL CABLE
- SECOND CABLE OR ELBOW LOCK CONTROL CABLE
19:Spinal Orthotics
- DEFINITION
- FUNCTIONS OF A SPINAL ORTHOTICS
  - Categories of Spinal Braces
- BASIC COMPONENTS OF SPINAL ORTHOTICS
- PRINCIPLE OF FUNCTIONING
- CLASSIFICATION OF SPINAL ORTHOTICS
- WILLIAM'S BRACE (FIG. 19.4)
- TAYLAOR'S BRACE (FIG. 19.5)
- STEINDIER'S BRACE (FIG. 19.6)
- MILWAUKEE BRACE
- CERVICAL ORTHOSIS
20:Orthotics
- USERS OF LOWER LIMB ORTHOTICS
  - Users of Orthotic Devices
- INDICATIONS OF ORTHOSIS
  - Principles Used
  - Hydrodynamic Soft Tissue Compression
- FUNCTION OF ORTHOSIS
  - Mechanical Principles of Orthosis
  - Functions
- PRINCIPLES OF ORTHOSIS
21:Upper Limb Orthoses
- FUNCTIONS
- HAND AND WRIST ORTHOSES
- PROTECTIVE ORTHOSES
- CORRECTIVE ORTHOSES
- ELBOW AND SHOULDER ORTHOSES
  - Functions
- PROTECTIVE ORTHOSES
- CORRECTIVE ORTHOSES
- BALANCED FOREARM ORTHOSES
  - Components
22:Lower Limb Orthoses
- ANKLE FOOT ORTHOSES
  - Functions
  - Indications
  - Conditions in AFO Prescribed
  - Types of Ankle Joints
  - Plastic Designs
  - Metal and Metal Plastic Designs
  - Upright and Calf Bands
  - Functions
  - Caliper
  - Drawbacks
- SHOE INSERT
- ANKLE JOINTS AND CONTROLS
- ANKLE STOPS
- ANKLE JOINT ASSISTS (FIG. 22.4)
  - Varus-Valgus Correction (T-straps)
- PLASTIC DESIGNS
  - Spiral
- KNEE ORTHOSIS
  - Indications
  - Treatment Objectives
- DYNAMIC PATELLAR ORTHOSIS (FIG. 22.9)
  - Purposes
- SWEDISH KNEE CAGE ORTHOSIS (FIG. 22.10)
- THREE-WAY KNEE STABILIZER (FIG. 22.11)
- EXTENSION KO
- CARS-UBC ORTHOSIS
  - Biomechanics
- SUPRACONDYLAR KNEE ORTHOSIS (FIG. 22.14)
- KNEE-ANKLE-FOOT ORTHOSIS (KAFO)
  - Indications
  - Functions
- DOUBLE UPRIGHT KAFO
  - Mechanical Knee Joint (Fig. 22.17)
    - *Types of Mechanical Knee Joint
  - Accessory Pads and Straps
  - Supracondylar KAFO (Fig. 22.26)
- HIP ORTHOSES (HO)
  - Indications
- CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF HIP
- PERTHES DISEASE
- SEVERE PARALYTIC DISORDERS AND ABERRANT HIP MOVEMENTS
  - Hip Joint (Fig. 22.36)
  - Hip Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis (HKAFO) (Fig. 22.37)
  - Lumbosacroiliac Hip Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis (LSHKAFO)
- PATTERN END CALIPER (FIG. 22.38)
  - Foot-shoe modification
  - AFO (Fig. 22.40)
  - Knee
23:Foot Orthosis
- FLAT FOOT SHOE
- CONGENITAL TALIPES EQUINOVARUS SHOE (CTEV SHOE) (FIG. 23.6)
- HEEL ELEVATION MODIFICATION FOR SHORTENING OF LEG
- METATARSAL ARCH SUPPORTS – SHOE MODIFICATION
  - Deformities of Metatarsal Arches
- PAINFUL HEEL SHOE MODIFICATION
- SPECIFICATIONS OF LOWER LIMB ORTHOSES
  - 1. Foot Orthoses
    - Indications

INDEX

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Chapter Notes