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Instruments in Surgery, Orthopedics and ENT
SR Joharapurkar, SV Golhar
CHAPTER 1:
Instruments in General Surgery
ARTERY FORCEPS (FIG. 1.1)
Parts
Joint
Blades
Functions and Characters
Characters of a Good Artery Forceps
Sterilization
How to Use?
Primary Use
Method
Other Uses
Spencer Wells Artery Forceps (Fig. 1.2)
Kocher's Artery Forceps (Fig. 1.3)
Uses
Mosquito Forceps (Halstead's) (Fig. 1.4)
Characters
Uses
LISTER'S SINUS FORCEPS (FIG. 1.11)
Construction
Blades
Uses
KNIVES
Types
Features
Combined Handle and Blade
Detachable Blade (Bard-Parker Type) (Fig. 1.12)
Uses
How to Use?
Sterilization
Methods of Holding Scalpel
Bistouries (Figs 1.13A and B)
General
Uses
Hernia Bistoury (Fig. 1.14)
Fistula Bistoury (Fig. 1.15)
Other Bistouries
Amputation Knife (Fig. 1.16)
How to Use?
Tenotomy Knives (Figs 1.17A and B)
Used for Subcutaneous Tenotomy
Syme's Abscess Knife (Fig. 1.18)
NEEDLES (FIG. 1.19)
Classification
Advantages of Curved Needle
Types of Curvature
Cutting Edge
Types of Edge
Uses According to Cutting Edge
Eye of the Needle
Needle with Eye
Spring Eye (French or Split)
Disadvantages
Paterson's
Tip of the Needle
Weakest Point of the Needle
Where to Hold the Needle?
Sterilization
Gallie's Needle (Fig. 1.20)
Handled Needle/Aneurysm Needle (Fig. 1.21)
Parts are Blade and Handle
Pedicle Needle (Fig. 1.22)
Boomerang Needle (Fig. 1.23)
NEEDLE HOLDER
Construction
Usual Mayo's (Fig. 1.24)
Types Available
Gillie's Needle Holder (Fig. 1.25)
Naunton Morgon Needle Holder
How to Use the Needle Holder?
SCISSORS
Basic Design
General Classification
Uses
Tissue Scissors—Mayo's Scissors (Fig. 1.26)
Uses
McIndoe's Scissors (Fig. 1.27)
Uses
Dressing Scissors
Lister's Bandage Scissors (Fig. 1.28)
Stitch Scissors (Fig. 1.29)
Littaure's Stitch Scissors (Fig. 1.30)
RETRACTORS
Why Retractors are Used?
Principles of Retraction
Types
Basic Parts
Basic Design
Double Hooked Retractors (Fig. 1.31A)
Self-retaining Retractors (Fig. 1.31B)
Nerve Hook/Retractor (Fig. 1.32)
Morris's Right Angled Abdominal Retractor (Fig. 1.33)
Uses
Deaver's Curved Abdominal Retractor (Fig. 1.34)
Uses
Doyen's Retractor
Use
Single Hook Retractor
Use
Volkmann's Catspaw Retractor (Fig. 1.35)
Langenbeck's Retractor (Fig. 1.36)
Uses
Czerny's Retractor (Fig. 1.37)
Uses
Allison's Lung Retractor (Fig. 1.38)
Uses
Mollison's Self-retaining Mastoid Retractor (Fig. 1.39)
TISSUE FORCEPS
Construction
Principal Uses
Allis' Tissue Forceps (Fig. 1.40)
Uses
Babcock's Tissue Forceps (Fig. 1.41)
Duval's Forceps
Moynihan's Tissue Forceps
Lane's Tissue Forceps (Fig. 1.42)
Uses
Poirier's Tissue or Peritoneum Forceps (Fig. 1.43)
Dissecting Forceps (Figs 1.44 to 1.49)
Uses
Test for Good Forceps
SPECIAL FORCEPS
Sponge Holding Forceps (Rampley's) (Fig. 1.50)
Uses
Gland Holding Forceps (Cummin's) (Fig. 1.51)
Uses
Pile Holding Forceps (Fig. 1.52)
Uses
Pile Forceps (Fig. 1.53)
Tongue Holding Forceps (Thompson's) (Fig. 1.54)
Uses
Disadvantages
Guy's Tongue Holding Forceps (Fig. 1.55)
Towel Clips (Backhaus's Towel Clip) (Fig. 1.56)
Uses
Other Uses
Gray's Towel Clip (Fig. 1.57)
Mayo's Towel Clips (Fig. 1.58)
Moynihan's Towel Clips or Tetraforceps (Fig. 1.59)
Doyen's Towel Cups (Fig. 1.60)
Sterilization
PROBE, DIRECTOR, DISSECTOR, SCOOP
Probe
Uses
Directors
Construction
Uses
Brodie's Probe Pointed Fistula Director with Frenum Slit (Fig. 1.61)
Uses
Frenum Slit
HERNIA DIRECTOR
Types
Key's Hernia Director (Fig. 1.62)
Childe's Hernia Director (Fig. 1.63)
DISSECTOR
Watson Cheyne's Probe and Dissector (Fig. 1.64)
Trocar and Cannula (Fig. 1.65)
Gallbladder Trocar and Cannula (Ochsner's) (Fig. 1.66)
Uses
Hydrocele, Trocar and Cannula (Fig. 1.67)
Uses
Suprapubic Trocar and Cannula (Cantue's) (Fig. 1.68)
Abdominal Trocar and Cannula (Spencer Wells's) (Fig. 1.69)
CHAPTER 2:
Abdomen
GASTROINTESTINAL CLAMPS
Principles of Construction
Occlusion or Non-crushing Clamps
Handle with a Ratchet/Catch
CRUSHING CLAMPS
Uses of Gastrointestinal Clamps
Objections to their Use
Types of Gastrointestinal Clamps
Moynihan's Stomach Clamp
Pyr's Non-crushing (Figs 2.3 and 2.4)
Payr's Crushing
Doyen's Clamp (Fig 2.7)
Uses
Types Available
APPENDICECTOMY
Corner's Appendix Clamp (Fig. 2.10)
Description
Use
Why Base of the Appendix is Crushed?
Morrant Baker's Forceps (Fig. 2.11)
Uses
GALLBLADDER AND COMMON BILE DUCT (CBD)
Cholecystectomy Forceps/ Cystic Duct Clamp
Types Available
Moynihan's (Fig. 2.12)
Gray's
Desjardin's Choledocholithotomy Forceps (Fig. 2.14)
Uses
Disadvantages
Scoop
General Characters
Uses
Probe
Uses
Types Available
Desjardine's Common Duct Probe (Fig. 2.15)
Mayo's Common Duct Probe (Fig. 2.16)
Cheatle's Hook and Scoop (Fig. 2.17)
Moynihan's Gallstone Probe and Scoop (Fig. 2.18)
Bakes's Dilator (Fig. 2.19)
Uses
‘T’ Tube
Why ‘T’ Tube Drainage is Essential?
Is it Essential to Drain the CBD?
Disadvantages
Indications
Immediate Problem with ‘T’ Tube
Types Available
Kehr's ‘T’ Tube (Fig. 2.20)
Maingot's ‘T’ Tube (Fig. 2.21)
Gallbladder Trocar and Cannula
Ochsner's
INSTRUMENTS FOR COLOSTOMY
Enterotomes/Enterotribes
How Instrument is Removed?
Uses
Comments
Types Available
Mikulicz's Enterotome (Fig. 2.22)
Dupuytren's Enterotome (Fig. 2.23)
Colostomy Rod (Fig. 2.24)
Use
Removal
Paul's Tube (Fig. 2.25)
Uses
Comments
ANAL SPECULUM/PROCTOSCOPE/SIGMOIDOSCOPE
Note
Construction
Uses
Diagnostic
Therapeutic
Preparation
Anal Speculum (Fig. 2.26)
Proctoscope 8” Long and 7/8” in Diameter (Fig. 2.27)
Sigmoidoscope (Fig. 2.28)
Collingwood Stewarts Ring Bladed Hernia or Cord Forceps (Fig. 2.29)
MACEWEN'S HERNIA NEEDLES (FIG. 2.30)
Description
Uses
Note in Use
CHAPTER 3:
Urology
CATHETERS, BOUGIES, SOUNDS, STAFFS
Catheter
Bougie
Sound
Staff (Anglo-Saxon, Steaf)
URETHRAL CATHETERS
Simple Urethral Catheter (Fig. 3.1)
Jaques Catheter (Fig. 3.2)
Harris's Catheter
Tiemann's Catheter
Gum Elastic Catheter (Figs 3.3 to 3.5)
Type
Disadvantages
Sterilization
Catheter Scale
Conversion
Urinary Uses of Simple Catheter
Other Uses
How do You Know Metal Catheter/Dilator is in the Bladder?
False Passage in Indicated by
Male Metal Catheter (Fig. 3.6)
Uses
Not Used Much
Female Metal Catheter (Fig. 3.7)
Prostatic Metal Catheter (Fig. 3.8)
Uses
BOUGIES
Filliform Bougies (Fig. 3.9)
Uses
Sterilization
Urethral Bougie—Metal
Construction
Lister's (English-scale) (Fig. 3.10)
Glutton's Boogie (Fig. 3.11)
Miller's Bougie
Straight Bougie
SELF-RETAINING CATHETERS
Selection and Size of Catheters
Gibbon's Self-retaining Catheter (Fig. 3.12)
Uses
Depezzer's Self-retaining Catheter (Fig. 3.13)
MALECOT'S SELF-RETAINING CATHETER (FIG. 3.14)
Foley's Self-retaining Catheter (Fig. 3.15)
Construction
How to Use it?
Removal
Uses and Advantages
Disadvantages
Other Uses
Compare and Contrast
Catheter Introducer (Fig. 3.16)
CYSTOLITHOTOMY FORCEP (FIG. 3.17)
Uses
How to Use the Instrument?
BLADDER SOUND (FIG. 3.18)
Uses
Other Uses
Fallacies of Bladder Sound
INSTRUMENTS FOR KIDNEY OPERATIONS
Pedicle Clamps
Construction
Types Available
Nephrectomy Needle (Long, Stout Aneurysm Needle) (Fig. 3.22)
Uses
Pyelonephrolithotomy Forceps (Fig. 3.23)
Construction
Staff (Angle-Saxon - Steaf)
Syme's Perineal Staff
Wheel House's Staff (Fig. 3.24)
Teale's Gorget Director (Fig. 3.25)
Young's Prostatic Tractor
Maisonneuve's Urethrotome
Urethral Forceps (Fig. 3 26)
Kollmann's Dilator
Meatal Dilator (Fig. 3.27)
CHAPTER 4:
Thyroid Surgery
RETRACTORS
Kocher's Self-retaining Thyroid Retractor (Fig. 4.1)
Joll's Self-retaining Retractor
Mayo's Self-retaining Goiter Retractor (Fig. 4.2)
THYROID GLAND HOLDING FORCEPS, THYROID VOLSELLUM
Kochar's Thyroid Gland Holding Forceps (Fig. 4.3)
Lahey's Tissue Forceps or Thyroid Volsellum (Fig. 4.4)
REQUISITES OF THYROID FORCEPS
KOCHER'S THYROID DISSECTOR (GOITer ENUCLEATOR) (FIG. 4.5)
Uses
Other Uses
Sites where It can be Used
KOCHER'S ARTERY FORCEPS
CHAPTER 5:
Tracheostomy
CLASSIFICATION
TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE
Requisite of an Ideal Tube
Parts of Tube
Outer Tube
Inner Tube
Obturator (Pilot)
FULLER'S BIVALVE TUBE (FIG. 5.2)
Types of Tracheostomy Tubes
Metallic
NON-METALLIC Tube (FIG. 5.5)
TRACHEAL DILATOR (FIG.5.6)
Uses
TRACHEAL, CRICOID HOOK (FIG. 5.7)
Function
Questions
CHAPTER 6:
Thorax
RASPATORIES/RUGINES/SHEARS
Definitions
Doyen's Rib Raspatory (Fig. 6.1)
Use
How to Identify the Side?
Why Raspatory is Necessary?
How do We Use it?
Tudor-Edwards Rib Raspatory
Bull's Rib Raspatory for 1st Rib (Fig. 6.3).
Doyen's Raspatory with Shear Combined
RIB SHEAR
Types in Use
Estlander's (Fig. 6.4)
Tudor-Edwards (Fig. 6.5)
Schomacher's (Figs 6.6 and 6.7)
Sauerbruch's 1st Rib Shear (Fig. 6.8)
PIERPOINT RUGINE
Tuffier's Rib Spreader (Fig. 6.9)
Friedrich's Lung Forceps
Duval's Lung Forceps (Fig. 6.10)
Uses
Lung Tourniquet or Snare–Nelson's (Fig. 6.11)
Nelson'S Rib Approximator (Fig. 6.12)
CLAMP
Auricle Clamp (Fig. 6.13)
Bronchus Clamp (Fig. 6.14)
Bulldog Vascular Clamp (Fig. 6.15)
Pott's Anastomosis Clamp (Fig. 6.16)
Tubb's Dilator (Fig. 6.17)
Pott's Clamp for Aorta (Fig. 6.18)
CHAPTER 7:
Neurosurgery
GIGLI'S WIRE SAW WITH DEMARTELES'S GUIDE (FIGS 7.1 AND 7.2)
Parts
Need of the Instrument
Advantages
Uses
Differences Between Osteotomy Saw and Wire Saw
HORSLEY'S TREPHINE (FIG. 7.5)
Parts
Caution
Disadvantages
Indications
How do You Know Inner Table has been Cut?
HUDSON'S BRACE/BURR/PERFORATOR (FIG. 7.6)
DEVIBLIS'S SKULL CUTTING FORCEPS (FIG. 7.7)
DURAL HOOK (FIG. 7.8)
DOTT'S SCISSOR (FIG. 7.9)
BLUNT EXPLORING NEEDLE (FIG. 7.10)
Glass Irrigator
SCALP FORCEPS SARGENT'S (FIG. 7.11)
FRASHER'S (FIG. 7.12)
HORSLEY'S DURA MATTER SEPARATOR AND SKULL ELEVATOR (FIG. 7.13)
DURA SEPARATOR (FIG. 7.14)
CHAPTER 8:
Orthopedics
FARABOEUF'S RASPATORY OR PERIOSTEUM ELeVATOR (FIG. 8.1)
Parts
Handle
Blade
Uses
CHISEL (FIG. 8.2)
Parts
Head
Shaft or Handle
Blade
How to Use
Uses
MALLET (FIG. 8.3)
Parts
Uses
OSTEOTOME (FIG. 8.4)
Parts
How to Use?
Uses
BONE GOUGE (FIG. 8.5)
Parts
Uses
SMALL GOUGE FOR MASTOID OPERATION (FIG. 8.6)
FERGUSSON'S ‘Liontoothed’ or ‘Lion-jaw’ Bone Holding Forceps (Fig. 8.7)
Uses
LANE'S BONE LEVERS (FIG. 8.8)
BONE HOLDING FORCEPS (FIG. 8.9)
PLATE HOLDING FORCEPS (FIG. 8.10A)
PLATES (FIG. 8.10B)
SCREW HOLDING FORCEPS (FIG. 8.11)
LISTER'S SEQUESTRUM OR NECROSIS FORCEPS (FIG 8.12)
Blades
Used for Holding and Removing Sequestrum in Sequestrectomy
Types of Sequestra
Presence of Sequestrum
Gross Appearance
AMPUTATION SAW (FIGS 8.13 AND 8.14)
How to Use?
Disadvantages
TYPES
Butcher's Saw (frame saw) (Fig. 8.15)
Adam's “key hole” saw/pistol saw (Fig. 8.16)
Jones's key hole saw (Fig.8.17)
Used for
Horsley's laminectomy saw (Fig. 8.18)
BONE CUTTING FORCEPS (FIGS 8.19 TO 8.21)
Uses
BONE NIBBLER (FIGS 8.22 TO 8.24)
Uses
VOLKMANN'S SHARP SPOON/CURETTES/SCOOPE (FIG. 8.25)
Spoon
Scoop
Sites
Why Edges and Lining is Scrapped?
HOFFMAN'S BONE NIBBLER
S-P NAIL (FIG. 8.26)
Why the Nail is triflanged?
How do you judge whether nail is in ideal position or not?
GUIDE WIRE (FIG. 8.27)
MEASURING ROD (FIG. 8.28)
HANDLE FOR INSERTING GUIDE (FIG.8.29)
TRIFIN OSTEOTOME (FIG. 8.30)
PUNCH (FIG. 8.31)
IMPACTING PUNCH (FIG. 8.32)
BROOMHEAD'S NAIL EXTRACTER (FIG. 8.33)
CALIPERS
Bohler's Caliper (Fig. 8.34)
Schoemacher's Stirrup for Use With ‘K’ Wire (Fig. 8.35)
Disadvantages
Kirschner's Wire Apparatus (Fig. 8.36)
Disadvantages
Bohler's Pin with Rotating Stirrup (Fig 8.37)
BOHLER'S PIN WITH ROTATING STIRRUP—SMALL SIZE FOR CALCANEUM
BONE AWL (FIG. 8.38)
INTRAMEDULLARY NAIL (FIG. 8.39)
CHAPTER 9:
Tubes
RYLE'S TUBE (FIG. 9.1)
Procedure
Uses
Diagnostic
Therapeutic
Complications
LEVINE'S TUBE
STOMACH TUBE (FIG.9.2)
Uses
FLATUS TUBE (FIG. 9.3)
Procedure
Result
Uses
Diagnostic
Therapeutic
SENGSTAKEN - BLAKEMORE TUBE (FIGS 9.4 AND 9.5)
Construction
Gastric Aspiration
Procedure
Monitoring of Patient
Uses
Utility
Dangers and Complications
CHAPTER 10:
Special Needles
LUMBAR PUNCTURE NEEDLE (FIG. 10.1)
Needle
Characters of the Needle
Indications
Uses and Features
Therapeutic Uses
Contraindications
Complications
Questions
STERNAL PUNCTURE NEEDLE KLIMASCHLEICHER'S (FIG. 10.2)
Witl's Needle (Fig. 10.3)
Criteria for Ideal Site
Available Sites
Technique
Failures
Indications
Prognostic
Complications
LIVER BIOPSY NEEDLE
Indications
Prognostic and Therapeutic Assessment
Precautions and Contraindications
Precautions
Site
Route
VIM-SILVERMAN'S NEEDLE (FIG. 10.4)
Technique
Advantages
MENGHINI'S ONE SECOND BIOPSY NEEDLE
Needle
Technique
Complications and Care
Complications
CHAPTER 11:
Drains
TYPES OF DRAIN
Corrugated Rubber Plastic Drain (Fig. 11.1)
Tubes/Catheter Drain
Sump Drainage (Fig. 11.2)
Uses
Wick or Cigarette Drain
Glove Rubber or Paul's Tubing
Uses
MATERIALS USED FOR DRAIN
INDICATIONS FOR DRAINAGE
FUNCTIONS
HOW AND WHERE TO PUT IT?
REMOVAL
NEED FOR WOUND DRAINAGE
COMPLICATIONS OF DRAIN
CHAPTER 12:
Anesthesia and Miscellaneous
AIRWAY
General Construction and Functions
Insertion
Removal
Types Available
Functions of the Airway
Uses
Complications
MAGILL'S FORCEPS (FIG. 12.3)
ENDOTRACHEAL TUBES (FIG. 12.4)
Construction
CUFFED TUBE
Indications
Selection of Tube
Common Faults
Sterilization
MOUTH GAGSDOYEN'S (FIG. 12.5)
Davis's (Fig. 12.6)
Uses
CHEEK RETRACTOR
Uses
How to Use?
MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUMENTS
Cheatle's Forceps (Fig. 12.7)
Uses
Harrison's Bowl Forceps (Fig. 12.8)
Meyer's Vein Stripper (Fig. 12.9)
CHAPTER 13:
Ligatures and Sutures
INTRODUCTION
Definition
Classification
United States Pharmacopoeia Classification
Properties of Sutures
Principles of Suture Selection
Factors Guiding Selection of Suture Material
INDIVIDUAL WORD SUTURE WORD TYPES
Absorbable Suture Material
Catgut
Plain Catgut
Chromic Catgut
Kangaroo Tendon
Polyglycolic Acid
Linen and Cotton Thread
Silk
Polyamide and Polyester
Polyester Yarn
Metal Wire—Stainless Steel Wire
Tantalum
Silver
DIFFERENT SUTURING TECHNIQUES
Simple Interrupted Technique (Fig. 13.1)
Indications
Contraindications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Continuous Over and Over Techniques (Fig. 13.2)
Advantages
Disadvantages
Locking Continuous Technique (Fig. 13.3)
Indications
Advantages
Disadvantage
Mattress Sutures
Indications
Contraindications
Vertical Mattress Technique (Fig. 13.4)
Advantages
Disadvantages
Horizontal Mattress Technique (Fig. 13.5)
Advantages
Disadvantage
Continuous Mattress Technique (Fig. 13.6)
Advantage
Disadvantage
Subcuticular Suture Technique (Fig. 13.7)
Advantages
Disadvantages
Through-and-Through Retention Sutures
Buried Coaptation-Retention Suture Technique (Fig. 13.8)
TECHNIQUE OF SUTURE REMOVAL
CHAPTER 14:
ENT Instruments
OPD INSTRUMENTS
Bull's Eye Lamp (Fig. 14.1)
Head Mirror (Fig. 14.2)
Focusing Head Light (Clar's) (Fig. 14.3)
EAR EXAMINATION SET
Aural Speculum (Fig. 14.4)
How to Use
Jobson Horne Probe (Fig. 14.5)
Wilde's Aural Forcep (Fig. 14.6)
Tilley's Aural Forcep (Fig. 14.7)
Eustachian Catheter (Fig. 14.8)
Uses
Siegle's Pneumatic Ear Speculum (Fig. 14.9)
Uses
Aural Syringe (Fig. 14.10)
Contraindications
Procedure for Syringing
Tuning Forks (Fig. 14.11)
Parts
Formy's Wax Scoop and Hook (Fig. 14.12)
Quire Hook with Movable End (Fig. 14.13)
Barany's Noise Instrument (Fig. 14.14)
Dundas Grant Air Caloric Instrument (Fig. 14.15)
NASAL EXAMINATION SET
Thudichum's Nasal Speculum (Fig. 14.16)
Uses
Long Bladed Nasal Speculum (Killian's) (Fig. 14.17)
Uses
Hartman's Dressing Forcep (Fig. 14.18)
St Clair Thomson Rhinoscopy Mirror (Posterior rhinoscopy mirror) (Fig. 14.19)
Structures Seen (Fig. 14.20)
THROAT/LARYNX OPD EXAMINATION SET
Lack's Tongue Spatula (Fig. 14.21)
Uses
Laryngeal Mirror (Fig. 14.22)
How to Use?
Uses
Differences of Indirect and Direct Laryngoscopy
OPERATIVE INSTRUMENTS
Ear Instruments
Myringotomy
Mastoid Retractor (self-retaining, hemostatic) (Fig. 14.25)
Jenkin's Gouges (Fig. 14.26)
Mastoid Periosteum Elevator (Farabeuf's) (Fig. 14.27)
Mastoid Curette/Scoop (Lempert's) (Fig. 14.28)
Mallet (Heath) (Fig. 14.29)
Lempert's Suction Tube (Fig. 14.30)
Nasal Instruments
Long Bladed Nasal Speculum (Figs 14.31 and 14.32)
Double-ended Free Periosteal Elevator (Fig. 14.33)
Ballenger's Swivel Nasal Cartilage Knife (Fig. 14.34)
Tilley's Nasal Gouge (Fig. 14.35)
Luc's Nasal Forcep (Fig. 14.36)
Cutting or Noncutting Edge
Paranasal Sinus Surgery Instruments
Tilley Litwitz Antral Trocar Cannula (Fig. 14.37)
Higginson's Rubber One Way Irrigation Syringe (Fig. 14.38)
Tilley's Harpoon Trocar (Fig. 14.39)
Tilley's Antral Burr (Fig. 14.40)
Glegg's Nasal Snare (Fig. 14.41)
Watson's Nasal Polyp Forcep (Fig. 14.42)
Oral Cavity and Throat Instruments
Boyle-Davis Mouth Gag (Fig. 14.43)
Draffin's Bipods (Fig. 14.44)
Magauran Plate (Fig. 14.45)
Doyen's Mouth Gag (Fig. 14.46)
Jenning's Mouth Gag (Fig. 14.47)
Denis Browne Tonsil Holding Forcep (Fig.14.48)
Mollison Anterior Pillar Retractor and Tonsil Dissector (Fig. 14.49)
Waugh Tonsil Dissecting Forcep (Fig. 14.50)
Birkett's Tonsil Artery Forcep (Straight and Curved) (Figs 14.51 and 14.52)
Negus's Tonsil Artery Forcep (Fig. 14.53)
Wilson's Tonsil Artery Forcep (Fig. 14.54) (Double curve for proper visualization).
Negus Pusher or Knot Tier (Fig. 14.55)
Wilson's Tonsillar Scissors (Fig. 14.56)
Eve's Tonsillar Snare (Fig. 14.57)
Ballenger Tonsil Guillotine (Fig. 14.58)
St Clair Thomson Adenoid Curette with Cage (Fig. 14.59)
ENDOSCOPES
Laryngoscope (Fig. 14.60)
Microlaryngoscope (Kleinssasser)
Bronchoscope (Fig. 14.61)
Esophagoscope (Fig. 14.62)
CHAPTER 15:
Sterilization
DEFINITION
METHODS OF STERILIZATION
ETHYLENE OXIDE
CHEMICALS
APPLICATION OF METHODS
INDEX
TOC
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