Index

The Short Textbook of Medical Microbiology (Including Parasitology) Satish Gupte

PART I: GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY
1:Glossary of Microbiology
2:History and Scope
- INTRODUCTION
  - Historical Events
- MICROBIOLOGY
- APPLICATION TO HEALTH
  - Scope of Microbiology
  - Free Living Nature of Bacteria
- BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS
3:Morphology of Bacteria
- SLIME LAYER
- CAPSULE (FIG. 3.4)
  - Demonstration of Capsule
  - Functions
- CELL WALL
- CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE
  - Demonstration
  - Functions
- CYTOPLASM
  - Functions
  - Intracytoplasmic Inclusions
- NUCLEUS
- FLAGELLA
  - Demonstration
- FIMBRIAE
  - Functions
- SPORES (FIG. 3.12)
- UNSTAINED PREPARATIONS
- STAINING OF BACTERIA
- GRAM's STAIN
- ACIDIC ACRIDINE ORANGE STAIN
- ALBERT STAIN
- ZIEHL-NEELSEN STAIN
- SPORE STAIN
- CAPSULAR STAIN
4:Nutritional Requirements of Bacteria
- GROWTH REQUIREMENTS
- GROWTH CURVE
- CONTINUOUS CULTURE
  - Factors Influencing Growth
- BACTERIAL REPRODUCTION
  - GENERATION TIME
- SYNCHRONOUS GROWTH
  - BACTERIAL COUNT
5:Bacterial Metabolism
- BACTERIAL METABOLISM
  - Catabolism
    - Redox Potential
  - Anabolism
- METABOLISM OF NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS
6:Media for Bacterial Growth
- FLUID MEDIA
  - Types of Liquid Media
    - Broth
    - Peptone
- SOLID MEDIA
- METHODS OF ANAEROBIC CULTURE
7:Classification and Identification of Bacteria
- DEVELOPMENT OF RAPID METHODS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANISMS
8:Sterilization and Disinfection
- APPLICATION OF DISINFECTANTS
- AUTOCLAVE (FIG. 8.3)
- EVALUATION TESTS OF DISINFECTANT
9:Infection
10:Antimicrobial Therapy
PART II: BACTERIAL GENETICS
11:Bacterial Genetics
- LANDMARKS IN GENETICS
- STRUCTURE OF DNA
  - Chromosome Function
- PLASMID
  - Features of Bacterial Plasmids
  - Molecular Classes of Plasmid
    - Small Plasmids
    - Large Plasmids
- EPISOMES
- GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC VARIATION
- MUTATION
  - Types of Mutation
    - Point Mutation
    - Multisite Mutation
  - Effects of Mutation
- AMES TEST
- TRANSMISSION OF GENETIC MATERIAL
- APPLIED BACTERIAL GENETICS
  - Genetic Engineering (Fig. 11.6)
  - Techniques Established in Genetic Engineering
- PROBE
PART III: IMMUNOLOGY
12:Immunity
- HISTORICAL EVENTS IN IMMUNOLOGY
- APPLICATION OF IMMUNOLOGY
- IMMUNITY
- INNATE IMMUNITY
- ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
- VACCINATION
  - History of Development of Immunization
- NEWER VACCINES
  - Advantages of Newer Vaccines
  - Disadvantages of Newer Vaccines
- APPLICATION OF VACCINE
13:Antigen
- PROPERTIES OF ANTIGEN
- SUPERANTIGEN
14:Antibodies—Immunoglobulins
- IMMUNOGLOBULINS
15:Antigen and Antibody Reaction
- PRECIPITATION
  - Uses of Precipitation Reaction
- LATTICE HYPOTHESIS (FIG. 15.1)
  - Techniques of Precipitation Reaction
- AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS
  - Uses
- TECHNIQUE OF AGGLUTINATION TEST
16:The Complement System
- CONGLUTININ
  - Complement Dependent Serological Tests
17:Structure and Functions of Immune System
- ORGANS PRODUCING ANTIBODY
- CENTRAL LYMPHOID SYSTEM
- NEW CLASSIFICATION OF T CELLS (TABLE 17.1)
18:The Immune Response
- HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE
  - Primary and Secondary Responses
    - Primary Response (Fig. 18.1)
    - Secondary Response (Fig.18.2)
- FACTORS INFLUENCING ANTIBODY PRODUCTION
- THEORIES OF ANTIBODY PRODUCTION
- CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE
- CYTOKINES
- LYMPHOKINES
- INTERLEUKINS
- DETECTION OF CMI
- SCOPE OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
19:Hypersensitivity
- HYPERSENSITIVITY
  - Classification
- TYPE I REACTIONS
- ATOPY
- TYPE II REACTIONS
  - Cytotoxic and Cytolytic
- TYPE III REACTIONS
- DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY (TYPE IV REACTION)
  - Manifestations
- CLASSICAL TYPE
- GRANULOMATOUS REACTIONS
  - Type V or Stimulation Hypersensitivity
- SCHWARTZMAN REACTION
20:Immunohematology
21:Miscellaneous
- IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
- ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)
- AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
  - Mechanism of Autoimmune Disease
- FEATURES OBSERVED IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
- IMMUNOLOGY OF TRANSPLANTATION
- IMMUNOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
- IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE
- HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN (HLA antigen)
  - MHC Restriction
- LIMULUS AMEBOCYTE LYSATE TEST (LAL TEST)
- RADIOIMMUNOASSAY METHOD
  - Immunoblotting
- ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA)
- MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
- NOBEL PRIZE IN MEDICINE 1987
  - Generation of Immunoglobulin Diversity
PART IV: SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY
22:Staphylococcus
- MICROCOCCACEAE
  - Classification
- STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (Staphylococcus pyogenes)
- BIOTYPES
- SEROLOGICAL METHODS FOR ASSAY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ENTEROTOXIN
- METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
- STAPHYLOCOCCUS SAPROPHYTICUS
- STAPHYLOCOCCUS ALBUS
  - Cultural Characters
- STAPHYLOCOCCUS CITRUS
- MICROCOCCUS TETRAGEN (GAFFKYA TETRAGENA)
  - Cultural Character
- SARCINA
23:Streptococcus
- GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES
  - Toxin Production
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- GROUP B
- GROUP C
- GROUP D
  - Cultural Characters
- ALPHA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
- ANAEROBIC STREPTOCOCCUS
24:Pneumococcus
25:Neisseria
- NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE
26:Corynebacterium
- CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE
- DIPHTHEROIDS
27:Mycobacteria
- MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
- IMMUNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
- ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIA (Table 27.3)
- SKIN PATHOGENS
- MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE MURIUM
28:Bacillus
- BACILLUS ANTHRAX
  - Biochemical Reactions
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- BACILLUS SUBTILUS
- BACILLUS CEREUS
29:Clostridium
- CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS (Clostridium welchii)
- NAGLER's REACTION
- CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
    - Bacteriological Investigations
- CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
30:Enterobacteriaceae
- ESCHERICHIA COLI
- EDWARDSIELLA
- CITROBACTER
- KLEBSIELLA
- ENTEROBACTER
- HAFNIA
- SERRATIA
- PROTEUS
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- SHIGELLA
  - Biochemical Reactions (Fig. 30.3)
- TOXIN
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- SALMONELLA
31:Pseudomonas
- PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA (Pseudomonas pyocyanea)
  - Antigenic Structure
- TOXINS AND ENZYMES PRODUCED BY PSEUDOMONAS
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
32:Vibrio
- VIBRIO CHOLERAE
33:Campylobacter
- MORPHOLOGY
- BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI MORPHOLOGY
  - CULTURE
- BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERS
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
  - Treatment
34:Helicobacter Pyloridis
- MORPHOLOGY
- CULTURE
- BLOOD AGAR MEDIUM
- BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS
- PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL FEATURES
- TOXINS AND ENZYMES PRODUCTION
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- NOBEL PRIZE IN MEDICINE (2005)
35:Brucella
36:Pasteurella, Yersinia and Francisella
37:Hemophilus
38:Bordetella
- BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS
  - Complications
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- BORDETELLA PARAPERTUSSIS
- BORDETELLA BRONCHISEPTICA
39:Spirochaetes
- BORRELIA
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Bacteriological Investigations
    - Borrelia Vincentii
- LYME DISEASE
- LEPTOSPIRA
- TREPONEMA
  - Pathogenicity
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
40:Miscellaneous Bacteria
- MYCOPLASMATACEAE
- MYCOPLASMA
- MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE(EATON'S AGENT)
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- ACTINOMYCETES
- ACTINOMYCES
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- NOCARDIA
- ACTINOMYCOTIC MYCETOMA
- LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES
  - Moraxella Catarrhalis
- ERYSIPELOTHRIX INSIDIOSA
- STREPTOBACILLUS MONILIFORMIS
- SPIRILLUM MINUS
- DONOVANIA GRANULOMATIS
- LACTOBACILLI
- MOBILUNCUS
- HELICOBACTER PYLORI
- CAT SCRATCH DISEASE
- ANAEROBIC GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI
41:Rickettsiae
- TYPHUS FEVER GROUP
- SPOTTED FEVER
- GENUS ORIENTIA SCRUB TYPHUS
- EHRLICHIA
- GENUS COXIELLA Q FEVER
- TRENCH FEVER
- BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS
42:Chlamydiae
- LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- TRACHOMA AND INCLUSION CONJUNCTIVITIS
- PSITTACOSIS
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Serological Diagnosis
43:Newer Bacteria
- LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA
- CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
- KINGELLA KINGAE
- CARDIOBACTERIUM HOMINIS
- DF-2 BACTERIA
- GARDNERELLA VAGINALIS
- YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA
- FLESH EATING BACTERIA
- BORRELIA BURGDORFERI
44:Microbiology of Oral Cavity
PART V: VIROLOGY
45:General Characteristics of Viruses
- INTERACTIONS AMONG VIRUSES
  - Cultivation Viruses
  - Disadvantages of Egg Inoculation
- INCLUSION BODIES
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
46:Chemotherapy of Viral Diseases
- INTERFERON
- ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
- AGENTS INHIBITING REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
- BROAD SPECTRUM NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES
- NOBEL PRIZE IN MEDICINE-1988
47:Classification of Viruses
48:Oncogenic Viruses
- MECHANISM OF VIRAL ONCOGENESIS
- ONCOGENE VIROGENE HYPOTHESIS
  - Possible Viral Causation of Human Cancer
- NOBEL PRIZE 1989 MEDICINE
49:DNA Viruses
- POXVIRUS
  - Morphology
  - Antigenic Properties
- SMALLPOX (VARIOLA MAJOR)
- MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM
- ADENOVIRUSES
50:RNA Viruses
- PICORNAVIRUSES A
  - Enteroviruses
    - Newer Enteroviruses (68 to 72)
  - Rhinoviruses
- ORTHOMYXOVIRUSES
- INFLUENZA VIRUSES
- PARAMYXOVIRUSES
- RUBELLA VIRUS
- RHABDOVIRUS
  - Rabies Virus
- ARBOVIRUS
  - Tick Borne Group
  - Bunyaviridae
51:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
- CLINICAL PICTURE
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
52:Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)
- SPREAD OF INFECTION
- SYMPTOMS
- PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
53:Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
- IMPORTANT EVENTS IN AIDS
- STRATEGIES OF HIV TESTING IN INDIA
54:Miscellaneous Viruses
- NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS (VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS)
- ACUTE ASEPTIC MENINGITIS (VIRAL MENINGITIS)
- PERINATALLY ACQUIRED VIRAL INFECTION
- INTRAUTERINE INFECTION
- POSTNATAL VIRAL INFECTION
PART VI: MYCOLOGY
55:Mycology
- MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI
- SYSTEMATIC CLASSIFICATION
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
- MICROSPORUM
  - Trichophyton
  - Trichophyton Schoenleinii
- EPIDERMOPHYTON
- SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSIS
- SYSTEMATIC MYCOSIS
- OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOTIC INFECTIONS
  - Aspergillus
  - Penicillosis
- PENICILLOSIS MARNEFFEI
  - Zygomycosis
- MISCELLANEOUS MYCOLOGY TOPICS
PART VII: PARASITOLOGY
56:Introduction
- TAXONOMY AND CLASSIFICATION
- HISTORY IN BRIEF
  - History of Protozoa
  - History of Helminths
- PARASITE
- HOST
  - Association of Parasite and Host
- MECHANISMS OF DISEASE PRODUCTION BY PARASITES
  - The Effect of Parasites on their Host
- REACTION OF THE HOST TO PARASITE
57:Protozoa
- ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitats
  - Morphology
    - Trophozoite
    - Precystic Stage
  - Pathogenesis
  - Pathology
  - Characters of Amebic Intestinal Ulcers
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- SEROLOGICAL TESTS IN INVASIVE AMEBIASIS
  - Treatment
  - Non-pathogenic Amebae
- FREE LIVING SOIL AMEBA
  - Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)
    - Etiologic Agent
- GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS
  - Etiologic Agent
  - Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- GIARDIA LAMBLIA
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Symptomatology
  - Pathology
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - Prevention
- TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Mode of Transmission
  - Incubation Time
  - Pathogenesis and Pathology
  - Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- TRICHOMONAS TENAX
- TRICHOMONAS HOMINIS
- TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Life Cycle
  - Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- LEISHMANIA DONOVANI
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Amastigote Form
  - Promastigote Form
  - Culture
  - Animal Models
  - Mode of Transmission
  - Life Cycle
  - Pathology and Clinical Picture
    - Spleen
    - Liver
  - AIDS and Visceral Leishmaniasis
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Direct Agglutination Test (DAT)
  - Treatment
  - Preventive Measures
- POST KALA-AZAR DERMAL LEISHMANIASIS (DERMAL LEISHMANIASIS)
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Pathogenesis and Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- LEISHMANIA TROPICA
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Features
  - Pathology
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- LEISHMANIA BRASILIENSIS
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Life Cycle
  - Clinical Features
  - Pathology
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- MALARIAL PARASITE
- GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
  - Habitat
  - Life cycle in Man (Schizogony)
  - Pathogenesis of Plasmodium
  - Clinical Picture
  - Complications of P. falciparum
  - Transmission Modes
  - Immunity
  - Liver
    - Macroscopic (Gross)
    - Microscopic
  - Spleen
    - Macroscopic
    - Microscopic
  - Kidney
    - Macroscopic
    - Microscopic
  - Bone Marrow
    - Macroscopic
    - Microscopic
  - Brain
    - Macroscopic
    - Microscopic
  - Heart
  - Lungs
  - Gastrointestinal Tract
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - Prevention and Control
- TOXOPLASMA GONDII
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Tissue Cysts
  - Oocysts
  - Life Cycle
  - Enteric Cycle in Cat
  - Exoenteric Cycle in Man
  - Mode of Transmission
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- ISOSPORA BELLI
  - Morphology
  - Life Cycle (Fig. 57.10)
  - Pathogenicity
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Morphology
  - Life Cycle
  - Pathogenesis and Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- BABESIA
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Transmission of Infection
  - Incubation Period
  - Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- PARASITES ASSOCIATED WITH AIDS
- BALANTIDIUM COLI
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Cyst (Fig. 57.11)
  - Pathology
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Prophylaxis
58:Helminths
- TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Pathogenicity and Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- TRICHURIS TRICHIURA (WHIPWORM)
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Pathogenicity and Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES (ROUNDWORM)
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
    - Adult Worm
  - Egg Fertilized
  - Unfertilized
  - Life Cycle
  - Pathogenicity and Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE (HOOKWORM)
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
    - Adult Worm
  - Egg
  - Life Cycle
  - Pathogenicity and Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
    - Indirect Evidences
  - Treatment
- NECATOR AMERICANUS (TABLE 58.1)
  - Geographical Distribution
- STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Life Cycle
  - Pathogenesis and Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS (THREADWORM)
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Life Cycle
  - Pathogenesis and Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- DRACUNCULUS MEDINENSIS (GUINEA WORM)
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Life Cycle
  - Pathogenesis and Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
    - Adult Worm
    - Microfilaria
  - Life Cycle
  - Clinical Picture and Pathogenesis
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- BRUGIA MALAYI
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Life Cycle
  - Pathogenicity and Clinical Picture
  - Treatment
- ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Life Cycle
  - Pathogenicity and Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- LOA LOA
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Life Cycle
  - Pathogenicity and Clinical Picture
  - Treatment
- MANSONELLA OZZARDI
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Pathogenicity
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM (FISH TAPEWORM)
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Life Cycle (Fig. 58.1)
  - Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - Prophylaxis Prevention
- TAENIA SAGINATA (BEEF TAPEWORM)
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology (Fig. 58.2)
    - Adult Worm
  - Larvae
  - Egg
  - Life Cycle
  - Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- TAENIA SOLIUM (PORK TAPEWORM)
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology (Table 58.3)
    - Adult worm (Fig. 58.2)
  - Larva (Fig. 58.3)
  - Eggs (Fig. 58.3)
  - Life Cycle
  - Clinical Picture
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- CYSTICERCUS CELLULOSAE
  - Morphology
  - Transmission
  - Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS (DOG TAPEWORM)
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
    - Adult Worm
  - Eggs
  - Larval Form
  - Life Cycle
  - Hydatid Cyst (Fig. 58.4)
  - Ectocyst
  - Endocyst
  - Hydatid Fluid
  - Hydatid Sand
  - Formation of Daughter Cysts
  - Animal Model
  - Immunology
  - Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARES
- HYMENOLEPIS NANA (DWARF TAPEWORM)
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Eggs
  - Life Cycle (Fig. 58.5)
  - Clinical Picture
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- SCHISTOSOMA
  - General Clinical Symptoms
- SCHISTOSOMA HEMATOBIUM (BILHARZIA HEMATOBIUM)
  - Geographical Distribution
  - Habitat
  - Morphology
  - Life Cycle (Fig. 58.7)
  - Pathogenicity and Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
59:Medical Entomology
PART VIII: CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
60:The Normal Flora
61:Collection and Transport of Clinical Specimens
62:Collection and Preliminary Processing of Specimens
63:Diagnostic Microbiology—An Approach to Laboratory Diagnosis
- PYREXIA OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN (PUO)
- SORE THROAT
- URINARY TRACT INFECTION
- MENINGITIS
- INFECTIVE DIARRHEA
  - Causes
  - Further Processing and Culture Procedure
- WOUND INFECTION
  - Etiology
- FOOD POISONING
  - Etiology
- PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
- SEPTICEMIA/BACTEREMIA
  - Laboratory diagnosis
    - Etiology of septicemia
64:Rapid and Automation Methods in Diagnostic Microbiology
65:Molecular Techniques in Microbiology
- INTRODUCTION
- AMPLIFIED TESTS
- NONAMPLIFIED TESTS
  - Nucleic Acid Probe
  - Molecular Techniques in Clinical Laboratory
66:Serological and Skin Tests
67:Microbiology in the Service of Human Being
- MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
- ROLE OF MICROBIOLOGY
- IMPORTANCE IN DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE
68:Community Microbiology
69:Emerging and Re-emerging Microbial diseases
- EMERGING MICROBIAL DISEASES
- PANDEMIC OF SWINE FLUE (H1N1) OUTBREAK OF APRIL 2009
- RE-EMERGING MICROBIAL DISEASES
- FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR EMERGING AND RE-EMERGING OF MICROBIAL DISEASES
  - Control and Prevention
70:Nosocomial Infections
- PATIENTS REQUIRING ISOLATION
- HOSPITAL INFECTION AND PREVENTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MARKERS USEFUL IN INVESTIGATING HOSPITAL INFECTION
- PREVENTION OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
- FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR HOSPITAL INFECTIONS
- SOURCES OF HOSPITAL INFECTION
- MODE OF INFECTION
- OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATIVE APPROACH OF HOSPITAL INFECTION OUTBREAK
71:Hospital and Laboratory Waste
- INFECTIOUS WASTE OF HOSPITAL AND LABORATORY
- INFECTIOUS MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH HOSPITAL OR LABORATORY
- SEGREGATION OF HOSPITAL WASTE
- TECHNIQUES FOR WASTE TREATMENT
- DISPOSAL OF HOSPITAL AND LABORATORY WASTE
72:Diagnostic Virology
73:Emergency Microbiology
- VISUALIZATION OF THE AGENT OF DISEASE
- ANTIGEN DETECTION
  - Detection of Substances Produced by the Infecting Organisms in Specimens
  - Detection of Substances Produced by the Host in Response to Infection
74:Bacteriology of Milk, Air and Water
- BACTERIOLOGY OF MILK
- BACTERIOLOGY OF AIR
- BACTERIOLOGY OF WATER
PART IX: APPENDICES
Appendices

INDEX

TOC
Index

Chapter Notes