Jaypee Brothers
In Current Chapter
In All Chapters
X
Clear
X
GO
Normal
Sepia
Dark
Default Style
Font Style 1
Font Style 2
Font Style 3
Less
Normal
More
A Guide to Mental Health & Psychiatric Nursing
Sreevani R, Prasanthi N
CHAPTER 1:
Perspectives of Mental Health and Mental Health Nursing
MENTAL HEALTH
Definitions
Components of Mental Health
Indicators of Mental Health
Characteristics of a Mentally Healthy Person
MENTAL ILLNESS
Definition
Characteristics of Mental Illness
EVOLUTION OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES AND TREATMENT
Some Important Milestones
DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
Some Important Milestones
Current Issues, Future Prospects and Challenges – India
PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AND DISORDERS
MENTAL HEALTH ACT
NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH POLICY VIS-À-VIS NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY
National Mental Health Policy (NMHP-2001)
Policy Objectives
Prioritized Goals
Special Issues
National Health Policy (NHP)
Objectives
Specific Recommendation with Regard to Mental Health
NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM
Aims
Objectives
Strategies
Approaches
Components
MENTAL HEALTH TEAM OR MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM
NATURE OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
The Philosophical Beliefs of Psychiatric Nursing Practice
SCOPE OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
Current Issues and Trends in Care
Educational Programs for the Psychiatric Nurse
Standards of Mental Health Nursing
Development of Code of Ethics
Legal Aspects in Psychiatric Nursing
Promotion of Research in Mental Health Nursing
Cost Effective Nursing Care
Focus of Care
Roles of the Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse in Contemporary Mental Health Care
FUNCTIONS OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSE IN VARIOUS SETTINGS
Practice Setting for Psychiatric Nurses
Functions of Psychiatric Nurse in Various Settings
FACTORS AFFECTING LEVEL OF NURSING PRACTICE
CONCEPTS OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
Medical Model
Statistical Model
Socio-cultural Model
Behavior Model
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essays
Short Essays
Short Answers
CHAPTER 2:
Principles and Concepts of Mental Health Nursing
PSYCHIATRY
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MENTAL ILLNESS
Alterations of Personality and behavior
Alterations of Biological Functions
Disorders of Consciousness
Disorders of Attention and Concentration
Disorders of Orientation
Volitional Disturbances
Disorders of Motor Activity
Disturbances of Posture and Expression
Disturbances of Motor Speech
Disorders of Perception
Disorders of Mood
Disorders of Memory
Ganser syndrome
Disorders of Thought
Disorders of Intelligence
Disorders of Insight and Judgment
CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL DISORDERS
1. ICD10 (International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems) – 1992
2. DSMIV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) – 1994
3. Indian Classification
REVIEW OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Factors Influencing Personality
Theories of Personality Development
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR OF INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS: STRESS, CRISIS AND DISASTER(S)
ETIOLOGY: BIO-PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS
Predisposing Factors
Precipitating Factors
Perpetuating Factors
Biological Factors
Physiological Changes
Psychological Factors
Social Factors
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF MENTAL DISORDERS
REVIEW OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF BRAIN, LIMBIC SYSTEM AND ABNORMAL NEURO-TRANSMISSION
Nervous System
Brain and behavior
Integrative Function of the Nervous System
Neuron
Neurotransmitters
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
1. Patient is Accepted Exactly as He is
2. Use Self-understanding as a Therapeutic Tool
3. Consistency is used to contribute to Patient's Security
4. Reassurance should be given in a Subtle and Acceptable Manner
5. Patient's Behavior is changed through Emotional Experience and not by Rational Interpretation
6. Unnecessary Increase in Patient's Anxiety should be avoided
7. Objective Observation of Patient to Understand his behavior
8. Maintain Realistic Nurse-Patient Relationship
9. Avoid Physical and Verbal Force as Much as Possible
10. Nursing Care is centered on the Patient as a Person and not on the Control of Symptoms
11. All Explanations of Procedures and other Routines are given According to the Patient's Level of Understanding
12. Many Procedures are Modified but Basic Principles Remain Unaltered
STANDARDS OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
Professional Practice Standards
Professional Performance Standards
QUALITIES OF A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE
1. Self-awareness
2. Self-acceptance
3. Accepting the Patient
4. Being Sincerely Interested in Patient Care
5. Being Available
6. Empathizing with the Patient
7. Reliability
8. Professionalism
9. Accountability
10. The Ability to Think Critically
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING SKILLS
Prerequisites for a Mental Health Nurse
CONCEPTUAL MODEL AND THE ROLE OF A NURSE
Existential Model
Psychoanalytical Model
Behavioral Model
Interpersonal Model
Medical Model
Nursing Model
Summary of Selected Nursing Theories
Holistic Model
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essays
Short Essays
Short Answers
CHAPTER 3:
Nursing Process in Psychiatric Nursing and Assessment of Mental Health Status
NURSING PROCESS
Definition
Nursing Assessment
1. Clinical Interview
2. History Taking
3. MSE (Mental Status Examination)
4. Physical Examination
5. Psychological Tests
Nursing Diagnosis
Planning
Outcome Identification
Correct and Incorrect Outcome Statements
Implementation
Nursing Intervention in Psychiatric Nursing
Evaluation
METHODS OF ASSESSMENT IN PSYCHIATRY
Mini Mental Status Examination
Uses of MSE
Neurological Examination
INVESTIGATIONS IN PSYCHIATRY
I. Routine Investigations
II. Electrophysiological Tests
III. Brain Imaging Tests (Cranial)
IV. Neuro-endocrine Tests
V. Genetic tests
PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS
Instruments for Assessment of Symptoms
Instruments for Assessment of Personality Traits and Disorders
Instruments for Assessment of Cognitive Functioning
Instruments for Assessment of Psychodynamics
Instruments for Assessment of Environmental Stressors
Role of a Nurse in Psychological Assessment
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essay
Short Essays
Short Answers
CHAPTER 4:
Therapeutic Communication and Nurse-Patient Relationship
COMMUNICATION – ELEMENTS AND TYPES
Types of Communication
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
Principles or Characteristics of Therapeutic Communication
Therapeutic Communication Techniques
Ineffective Therapeutic Communication
THERAPEUTIC NURSE-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
Types of Relationships
Social Relationships
Intimate Relationships
Therapeutic Relationships
Components of Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship
Rapport
Empathy
Warmth
Genuineness
Characteristics of Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship
Ethics and Responsibilities
Dynamics of Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship
Phases and Tasks of Therapeutic Relationship
1. Pre-interaction Phase
Nurse's Tasks in the Pre-interaction Phase
Problems Encountered
Ways to Overcome
2. Introductory or Orientation Phase
Nurse's tasks in the orientation phase
Problems Encountered
Ways to Overcome
Formulating a Contract
3. Working Phase
Nurse's tasks in the working phase
Problems Encountered
Ways to Overcome
4. Termination Phase
Criteria for Determining Patient's Readiness for Termination
Nurse's Tasks in the Termination Phase
Problems Encountered
Ways to Overcome
Therapeutic Impasses
Interventions to overcome Therapeutic Impasses
PROCESS RECORDING
Purpose and Uses
Pre-requisites for Process Recording
Suggested Outlines for Process Recording
Introductory Material
Objectives
Context of the Interaction
Record of Interaction between Nurse and the Patient
Analysis of the Interaction
Summary
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essays
Short Essays
Short Answers
CHAPTER 5:
Therapeutic Modalities and Therapies used in Mental Disorders
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Core Concept
Psychotropic Drugs alter Synaptic Activity by
Biological Theories Suggest that
General Guidelines regarding Drug Administration in Psychiatry
Patient Education related to Psychopharmacology
Specific areas of education include the following:
Classification of Psychotropic Drugs
ANTIPSYCHOTICS
Classification
Indications
Organic Psychiatric Disorders
Functional Disorders
Mood Disorders
Childhood Disorders
Neurotic and other Psychiatric Disorders
Medical Disorders
Pharmacokinetics
Mechanism of Action
Adverse Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs
Nurse's Responsibility for a Patient Receiving Antipsychotics
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
Classification
Indications
Depression
Childhood Psychiatric Disorders
Other Psychiatric Disorders
Medical Disorders
Pharmocokinetics
Mechanism of Action
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility for a Patient Receiving Antidepressants
LITHIUM AND OTHER MOOD STABILIZING DRUGS
Lithium
Indications
Pharmacokinetics
Mechanism of Action
Dosage
Blood Lithium Levels
Side Effects
Management of Lithium Toxicity
Contraindications of Lithium Use
Nurse's Responsibilities for a Patient Receiving Lithium
Carbamazepine
Indications
Dosage
Mechanism of Action
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibilities
Sodium Valproate (Encorate chrono, valparin, Epilex, Epival)
Indications
Mechanism of Action
Dosage
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibilities
ANXIOLYTICS (ANTI-ANXIETY DRUGS) AND HYPNOSEDATIVES
Classification
Indications for Benzodiazepines
Dosage (mg/day)
Mechanism of Action
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility in the Administration of Benzodiazepines
ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS
Anticholinergics
Dopaminergic Agents
Monoamine Oxidase Type B Inhibitors
Trihexyphenidyl (Artane, Trihexane, Trihexy, Pacitane)
Indications
Mechanism of Action
Dosage
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibilities
ANTABUSE DRUGS
DRUGS USED IN CHILD PSYCHIATRY
Clonidine
Indications
Mechanism of Action
Dosage
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Indications
Mechanism of Action
Dosage
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibilities
GERIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
Definition
Objectives
Elements of Therapeutic Community
Components of Therapeutic Community
Daily Community Meetings
Patient Government or Ward Council
Staff Meetings or Review
Living and Learning Opportunities
Advantages of Therapeutic Community
Disadvantages of Therapeutic Community
Role of the Nurse
PSYCHOTHERAPY
PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY
Therapy Process
Free Association
Dream Analysis
Hypnosis
Catharsis
Abreaction Therapy
Method
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOTHERAPY
Indications
Therapy Process
Approaches
COGNITIVE THERAPY
Fundamental Assumptions
Techniques of Cognitive Therapy
Techniques for Stopping Intrusive Cognitions
Techniques to Counterbalance Faulty Cognitions
Techniques for Altering Cognitions
Techniques to Resolve Problems Directly
Therapy Process
Indications
SUPPORTIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY
Phases of therapy
FAMILY AND MARITAL THERAPY
Indications
Components of Therapy
Patient Selection
Types of Family Therapy
Individual Family Therapy
Conjoint Family Therapy
Couples Therapy
Multiple Family Group Therapy
Multiple Impact Therapy
Network Therapy
GROUP THERAPY
Selection
Contraindications
Group Size
Frequency and Length of Sessions
Approaches to Group Therapy
Therapeutic Factors involved in Group Therapy
Some Techniques Useful in Group Therapy
BEHAVIOR THERAPY
Major Assumptions of Behavior Therapy
Behavior Techniques
PLAY THERAPY
Curative Functions
Diagnostic Functions
Types of Play Therapy
PSYCHODRAMA
MUSIC THERAPY
Advantages
DANCE THERAPY
Advantages
RECREATIONAL THERAPY
Aims
Points to be kept in Mind
Types of Recreational Activities
Suggested Recreational Activities for Psychiatric Disorders
RELAXATION THERAPIES
Progressive Muscular Relaxation
Technique
Mental Imagery
Yoga
Meditation
Biofeedback
Indications
Physical Exercise
Deep Breathing Exercise
Technique
ROLE OF A NURSE IN PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES IN PSYCHIATRY
Principles Underlying Alternative Healing
Acupuncture
Ayurvedic Medicine
Homeopathic Medicine
Naturopathy
Art, Music and Dance therapy
Spiritual Healing and Prayer
Herbal Therapies
Aromatherapy
Special Diet Therapies, Mega Doses of Vitamins or Minerals
T'ai chi and Qi Gong
Massage
Biofield Therapies
Reflexology
Bio-electromagnetic based Therapies
Psychiatric Disorders and Related CAM Therapies
Psychiatric Nurse and CAM
A Holistic Approach
Integrating CAM into conventional settings – Nurse's role
Complementary and Alternative Therapies – An Indian Perspective
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
Goal
Settings
Advantages
Points to be Kept in Mind
Process of Intervention
Types of Activities
Suggested Occupational Activities for Psychiatric Disorders
PHYSICAL THERAPIES
ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY
Parameters of Electrical Current Applied
Type of Seizure Produced
Mechanism of Action
Types of ECT
Frequency and Total Number of ECT
Application of Electrodes
Indications
Contraindications
Complications of ECT
Side Effects of ECT
ECT Team
Treatment Facilities
Role of the Nurse
LIGHT THERAPY
REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essays
Short Essays
Short Answers
CHAPTER 6:
Nursing Management of Patient with Schizophrenia, and Other Psychotic Disorders
SCHIZOPHRENIA CLASSIFICATION (ICD10)
Definition
Epidemiology
ETIOLOGY
I. Biological Theories
Biochemical Theories
Neurostructural Theories
Genetic Theories
Perinatal Risk Factors
II. Psychodynamic Theories
Developmental Theories
Family theories
III. Vulnerability-Stress Model
IV. Social Factors
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
CLINICAL FEATURES
Thought and Speech Disorders
Disorders of Perception
Disorders of Affect
Disorders of Motor Behavior
Other Features
CLINICAL TYPES
Paranoid Schizophrenia
Hebephrenic (Disorganized) Schizophrenia
Catatonic Schizophrenia
Residual Schizophrenia
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
Simple Schizophrenia
Post-schizophrenic Depression
COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
Investigations
TREATMENT MODALITIES
Pharmacotherapy
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Psychological Therapies
Psychosocial Rehabilitation
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis I
Nursing Diagnosis II
Nursing Diagnosis III
Nursing Diagnosis IV
Nursing Diagnosis V
Nursing Diagnosis VI
Nursing Diagnosis VII
Nursing Diagnosis VIII
Nursing Diagnosis IX
Evaluation
OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
Persistent Delusional Disorder
Clinical Features
Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders
Clinical Features
Induced Delusional Disorders
Schizoaffective Disorder
Capgras Syndrome (The Delusion of Doubles)
GERIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS
FOLLOW UP, HOME AND REHABILITATION FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENT
Patient and Family Teaching
Rehabilitation of Schizophrenia Patients
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essays
Short Essays
Short Answers
CHAPTER 7:
Nursing Management of Patient with Mood Disorders
MOOD DISORDERS
Classification of Mood Disorders
MANIC EPISODE
Classification of Mania (ICD10)
Etiology
Psychopathology of Mania
Clinical Features
Elevated, Expansive or Irritable Mood
Psychomotor Activity
Speech and Thought
Other Features
Symptoms of Hypomania
Diagnosis
Treatment Modalities
Nursing Management for Mania
Nursing Diagnosis I
Nursing Diagnosis II
Nursing Diagnosis III
Nursing Diagnosis IV
Nursing Diagnosis V
Nursing Diagnosis VI
Evaluation
Nursing Management for Hypomania
Nursing Diagnosis I
Nursing Diagnosis II
Nursing Diagnosis III
Nursing Diagnosis IV
Evaluation
DEPRESSIVE EPISODE
Classification of Depression (ICD10)
Etiology
Psychopathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment Modalities
Nursing Management of Major Depressive Episode
Nursing Diagnosis I
Nursing Diagnosis II
Nursing Diagnosis III
Nursing Diagnosis IV
Nursing Diagnosis V
Nursing Diagnosis VI
Nursing Diagnosis VII
Nursing Diagnosis VIII
Evaluation
BIPOLAR MOOD DISORDER (BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER, MANIC DEPRESSIVE DISORDER)
Classification
Etiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Course and Prognosis of Mood Disorders
Recurrent Depressive Disorder
PERSISTENT MOOD DISORDER
Classification
Cyclothymia
Etiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment Modalities
Nursing Interventions
Dysthymia
Etiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nursing Interventions
GERIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS
FOLLOW-UP, HOME CARE AND REHABILITATION
Patient and Family Teaching (Depression)
Patient and Family Teaching (Mania)
REHABILITATION
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essays
Short Essays
Short Answers
CHAPTER 8:
Nursing Management of Patient with Neurotic, Stress Related and Somatization Disorders
PHOBIC ANXIETY DISORDER
Classification [ICD10]
Types of Phobia
Signs and Symptoms of Specific Phobia
Signs and Symptoms of Social Phobia
Signs and Symptoms
Etiology
Course
Diagnosis
Treatment
Pharmacotherapy
Behavior Therapy
Nursing Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis I
Nursing Diagnosis II
Evaluation
PANIC DISORDER
Classification [ICD10]
Etiology of Anxiety Disorders (both panic disorder and Generalized anxiety disorder [GAD])
Clinical Features
Course
Diagnosis
Treatment Modalities
Pharmacotherapy
Behavioral Therapies
Cognitive Therapy
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
Clinical Features
Physical
Course
Diagnosis
Treatment Modalities
Pharmacotherapy
Behavior Therapy
Nursing Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis I
Nursing Diagnosis II
Evaluation
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)
Definition
Classification (ICD10)
Etiology
Genetic Factors
Biochemical Influences
Psychoanalytic Theory
Behavior Theory
Clinical Features
Course and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Pharmacotherapy
Behavior Therapy
Other Therapies
Nursing Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis I
Nursing Diagnosis II
Evaluation
REACTION TO STRESS AND ADJUSTMENT DISORDER
Acute Stress Reaction
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Adjustment Disorders
Treatment for Stress and Adjustment Disorders
CONVERSION DISORDER
Dissociative Motor Disorders
Dissociative Convulsions (hysterical fits or pseudo-seizures)
Dissociative Sensory Loss and Anesthesia
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)
Trance and Possession Disorders
Other dissociative disorders
Etiology of Conversion and Dissociative Disorders
Psychodynamic Theory
Behavior Theory
Diagnosis
Treatment Modalities
Nursing Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Diagnoses
Nursing Intervention
Evaluation
SOMATOFORM DISORDERS
Somatization Disorder
Hypochondriasis
Somatoform Autonomic Dysfunction
Persistent Somatoform Pain Disorder
Diagnoses
Treatment Modalities
Drug therapy
Psychological treatment
Nursing Interventions (somatoform)
OTHER NEUROTIC DISORDERS
GERIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS
FOLLOW UP, HOME CARE AND REHABILITATION – NEUROTIC DISORDERS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essays
Short Essays
Short Answers
CHAPTER 9:
Nursing Management of Patient with Substance Use Disorder
CLASSIFICATION
COMMONLY USED PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCE
ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE
Biological Factors
Behavioral Theories
Psychological Factors
Social Factors
Easy Availability of Drugs
Psychiatric Disorders
CONSEQUENCES OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE SYNDROME
Properties of Alcohol
Epidemiology
Signs and Symptoms of Alcohol Dependence
ICD10 Criteria for Alcohol Dependence
Psychiatric Disorders due to Alcohol Dependence
Complications of Alcohol Abuse
Diagnosis
Treatment Modalities
Treatment for withdrawal Symptoms
Alcohol Deterrent Therapy
Psychological Treatment
Agencies Concerned with Alcohol-related Problems
Nursing Management
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis I
Nursing Diagnosis II
Nursing Diagnosis III
Nursing Diagnosis IV
Evaluation
OTHER SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS
Drug Addiction in India: UN Report (The Indian Express Feb. 1999)
Opioid Use Disorders
Acute Intoxication
Withdrawal Syndrome
Complications
Treatment
Cannabis Use Disorder
Acute Intoxication
Withdrawal Symptoms
Complications
Treatment
Cocaine Use Disorder
Acute Intoxication
Withdrawal Syndrome
Complications
Treatment
Amphetamine Use Disorder
Acute Intoxication
Withdrawal Syndrome
Complications
LSD Use Disorder (Lysergic acid diethylamide)
Intoxication
Withdrawal Syndrome
Complications
Treatment
Barbiturate Use Disorder
Intoxication
Complications
Withdrawal Syndrome
Treatment
Inhalants or Volatile Solvent Use Disorder
Intoxication
Withdrawal Symptoms
Complications
Treatment
GENERAL NURSING INTERVENTIONS FOR A PATIENT WITH ACUTE DRUG INTOXICATION
During an Acute Episode
During Drug Withdrawal
When the Acute Episode has Resolved
PREVENTION OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
REHABILITATION
GERIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS
FOLLOW UP AND HOME CARE
Patient and Family Teaching
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essays
Short Essays
Short Answers
CHAPTER 10:
Nursing Management of Patient with Personality, Sexual and Eating Disorder
PERSONALITY DISORDER
Definition (ICD9)
Incidence
Classification
DSMIV Classification
Etiology
Genetic Factors
Biological Factors
Psychodynamic Theories
Other Factors
Clinical Features of Abnormal Personalities
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Disorder
Antisocial (Dissocial) Personality Disorder (Sociopath, Psychopath)
Nursing Interventions
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Nursing Interventions
Anxious (Avoidant) Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality
Obsessive-compulsive (Anankastic) Personality Disorder
Treatment Modalities
Nursing Interventions for Patients with Personality Disorders
Geriatric Considerations
Follow-up, Homecare and Rehabilitation for Personality Disorders
Patient and family teaching
SEXUAL DISORDERS
Classification
Gender Identity Disorders (F6)
Psychological and Behavioral Disorders Associated with Sexual Development and Maturation (F6)
Homosexuality
Disorders of Sexual Preference (ICD10–F6) or Paraphilias (DSMIV)
Sexual Dysfunctions (F5)
Nursing Intervention for Patient with Sexual Disorder
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL/PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS
Common Examples of Psychophysiological Disorders
Cardiovascular Disorders
Endocrine Disorders
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Immune Disorders
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Respiratory Disorders
Skin Disorders
Treatment
Nursing Management
Assessment
Nursing Diagnoses
Interventions
Eating disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Etiology
Clinical Features
Complications
Course and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Treatment Modalities
Nursing Interventions
Bulimia Nervosa
Etiology
Clinical Features
Complications
Diagnosis
Treatment Modalities
Nursing Interventions
Sleep disorders
Insomnia
Causes
Treatment
Hypersomnia
Causes
Disorder of Sleep-wake Schedule
Causes
Stage IV Sleep Disorders
Other Sleep Disorders
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essays
Short Essays
Short Answers
CHAPTER 11:
Nursing Management of Childhood and Adolescent Disorders Including Mental Deficiency
CLASSIFICATION (ICD10)
MENTAL RETARDATION (F7)
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Genetic Factors
Prenatal Factors
Perinatal Factors
Postnatal Factors
Environmental and Socio-cultural Factors
Classification
Behavioral Manifestations
Mild Retardation (IQ 50–70)
Moderate Retardation (IQ 35–50)
Severe Retardation (IQ 20–35)
Profound Retardation (IQ below 20)
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment Modalities
Prevention
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Care and Rehabilitation of the Mentally Retarded
Hints for Successful Skill Training
Nursing Management
Assessment
Intervention
DISORDERS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT (F8)
Specific Developmental Disorders of Speech and Language
Specific Developmental Disorders of Scholastic skills
Specific Developmental Disorders of Motor Function
Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Epidemiology
Childhood Autism
Etiology
Clinical Picture
Course and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nursing Management
Atypical Autism
Rett's Syndrome
Asperger's Syndrome
BEHAVIORAL AND EMOTIONAL DISORDERS WITH ONSET USUALLY OCCURRING IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE (F9)
Hyperkinetic Disorder
Characteristics of ADHD
Epidemiology
Etiology
Risk Factors for ADHD
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nursing Intervention
Conduct Disorders
Etiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment Modalities
Nursing Intervention
Juvenile Delinquency
Causes
Reformatory Measures
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Clinical Features
Treatment
Phobic Anxiety Disorder
Treatment
Social Anxiety Disorder
Sibling Rivalry Disorder
Management
Elective Mutism
Management
Tic Disorders
Motor Tics
Vocal Tics
Non-organic Enureses
Factors Associated with Enuresis
Management
Non-organic Encopresis
Management
Feeding Disorder of Infancy and Childhood
Pica
Stereotyped Movement Disorders
Management
Stuttering (Stammering)
FOLLOW-UP, HOME CARE AND REHABILITATION FOR CHILDHOOD PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essays
Short Essays
Short Answers
CHAPTER 12:
Nursing Management of Organic Brain Disorders
CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC MENTAL DISORDERS
DEMENTIA IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (CHRONIC ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME)
Incidence
Etiology
Stages of Dementia
Clinical Features (for Alzheimer's Type)
Course and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Treatment Modalities
Nursing Management
Daily routine
Nutrition and body weight
Personal hygiene
Toilet habits and incontinence
Accidents
Fluid management
Moods and emotions
Wandering
Disturbed sleep
Interpersonal relationship
Follow-up, Home Care and Rehabilitation
VASCULAR DEMENTIA (MULTI-INFARCT DEMENTIA)
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment Modalities
Nursing Interventions
DELIRIUM (ACUTE ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME)
Incidence
Etiology
Clinical Features
Course and Prognosis
Treatment
Nursing Intervention
ORGANIC AMNESTIC SYNDROME
Etiology
Clinical Features
Management
MENTAL DISORDERS DUE TO BRAIN DAMAGE, DYSFUNCTION AND PHYSICAL DISEASE
PERSONALITY AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS DUE TO BRAIN DISEASE, DAMAGE AND DYSFUNCTION
Etiology
Management
GERIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essays
Short Essays
Short Answers
CHAPTER 13:
Psychiatric Emergencies and Crisis Intervention
TYPES OF PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCIES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
Suicidal Threat
Etiology
Suicidal Tendency in Psychiatric Wards
Management
VIOLENT OR AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OR EXCITEMENT
Etiology
Management
PANIC ATTACKS
Management
CATATONIC STUPOR
Management
HYSTERICAL ATTACKs
Management
TRANSIENT SITUATIONAL DISTURBANCES
Management
DELIRIUM TREMENS
Management
EPILEPTIC FUROR
Management
ACUTE DRUG-INDUCED EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYndrome
Management
DRUG TOXICITY
Management
VICTIMS OF DISASTER
Management
RAPE VICTIM
Signs and Symptoms
Management
STRESS ADAPTATION MODEL
MODELS OF STRESS
Stimulus-Based Model (Holmes and Rahes Model-1960)
Response-Based Model
Transaction-Based Model
COPING RESOURCES
COPING MECHANISMS
GRIEF
THEORIES OF GRIEF
GRIEF PROCESS
Resolution of Grief
Maladaptive Grief Responses
Prolonged Response
Delayed or Inhibited Response
Distorted Response
Management and Treatment
Nursing Intervention
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELING
CRISIS AND CRISIS PRONENESS
Definition
Crisis Proneness
TYPES OF CRISIS
Maturational Crisis
Situational Crisis
Social Crisis
PHASES OF CRISIS
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IV
Signs and Symptoms of Crisis
PROCESS OF CRISIS (RESOLUTION OF CRISIS)
Pseudo-resolution
Unsuccessful Resolution
Successful Resolution
CRISIS INTERVENTION
Aims of Crisis Intervention Technique
Intervention
A. Steps to Provide a Correct Cognitive perception
B. Steps to Assist the Victim in managing the Intense Feelings
PRINCIPLES OF CRISIS INTERVENTION
TECHNIQUES OF CRISIS INTERVENTION
GERIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS
ROLE OF A NURSE IN CRISIS INTERVENTION
Nursing Assessment
Nursing Diagnoses
Planning
Implementation
MODALITIES OF CRISIS INTERVENTION
Mobile Crisis Programs
Telephone Contacts
Group Work
Disaster Response
Victim Outreach Programs
Crisis Intervention Centers
Health Education
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essays
Short Essays
Short Answers
CHAPTER 14:
Legal Issues in Mental Health Nursing
THE INDIAN MENTAL HEALTH ACT (1987) – SECTIONS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS
History
Reasons for Enactment
Objectives of the Indian Mental Health Act
Salient Features of the Act
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
Admission on Voluntary Basis
Admission under Special Circumstances
Admission under Reception Order
Admission in Emergencies
Temporary Treatment Order
Admission of Mentally Ill Prisoners
Miscellaneous Admission
CHAPTER V
Discharge of a Patient Admitted on Voluntary Basis
Discharge of a Patient Admitted under Special Circumstances
Discharge of a Patient Admitted on Reception Order
Discharge of a Patient Admitted by Police
Discharge of a Mentally Ill Prisoner
Leave of Absence (Section 45)
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX
CHAPTER X
Positive Qualities of the MHA 1987
Nursing Implications
THE INDIAN LUNACY ACT (1912)
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
BASIC RIGHTS OF MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS AND NURSE'S RESPONSIBILITIES
Some of the Rights of Psychiatric Patients
Nurse's Implications for Protecting Patient's Rights
FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY
Crime and Psychiatric Disorders
Criminal Responsibility
M'Naghten's rule
Irresistible Impulse Act
Durham's Rule/Product Rule
American Law Institute (ALI) Test
Civil Responsibilities of a Mentally Ill Person
Management of Property
Marriage
Testamentary Capacity
Right to Vote
Laws Relating to Psychiatric Disorders
Admission Procedures of Patientsin a Psychiatric Hospital
Civil Rights of the Mentally Ill
Psychiatrists and the Court
ACTS RELATED TO NARCOTIC AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES AND ILLEGAL DRUG TRAFFICKING
The Narcotic Drug and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1985 - Act 61
Contents
ADMISSION AND DISCHARGE PROCEDURES – ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A NURSE
Role of a Nurse in Admission Procedure
Role of the Nurse in Parole
Role of the Nurse in Discharge Procedure
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF A NURSE
Nursing Malpractice
For Malpractice the following Elements of Nursing Negligence must be Proved
Confidentiality
Informed Consent
Substituted Consent
Record Keeping
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essays
Short Essays
Short Answers
CHAPTER 15:
Community Mental Health Nursing
DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH IN INDIA
Organization of Mental Health Services in India
Some of the Innovative Programs in Mental Health
Crash programs offered at NIMHANS, Bengaluru
The Chandigarh Experiment
NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM
Objectives
Targets of National Mental Health Program
Within One Year
Within 5 Years
Various activities planned for implementation of National Mental Health Program
Progress Between 1982 and 2002
DISTRICT MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM (DMHP)
Nurse's Role
INSTITUTIONALIZATION VS DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION
Three Essential Components of a Sound Deinstitutionalization Process
Institutionalization
Indications for Institutionalization Inpatient Hospital Admission
Treatment Objectives
MODELS OF PREVENTIVE PSYCHIATRY: LEVELS OF PREVENTION - ROLE OF A NURSE
Primary Prevention
Role of a Nurse in Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Role of a Nurse in Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Role of a Nurse in Tertiary Prevention
PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION
Definition
Principles of Rehabilitation
Psychiatric Rehabilitation Approaches
Rehabilitation Team
Steps in Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Role of a Nurse in Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Assessment
Planning and Implementation
Evaluation
Vocational Rehabilitation
Phases in Vocational Rehabilitation
Vocational Program
Rehabilitation Services in India
Rehabilitation Facilities at Hospitals
Rehabilitation Facilities at Community
MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES AVAILABLE AT THE PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY LEVEL
At Primary Level
Role of Medical Officer in Primary Health Center Related to Mental Health Care
Staff Nurse's Role
Multipurpose Health Workers Role
Community Health Guides or any Volunteer Role
Secondary Level
Activities of Psychiatric Hospitals
Tertiary Level
Activities
Mental Health Services Available for Psychiatric Patients
Self-help Groups
Others
MENTAL HEALTH AGENCIES: GOVERNMENT AND VOLUNTARY, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL
Mental Health Agencies—Government at National Level
Mental Health Agencies—International
Mental Health Agencies—Voluntary/Non-Governmental Organizations
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH—PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
Goals of Community Mental Health Nursing
Community Mental Health Nursing Process
Assessment
Intervention
Tips for Working in the Community
Identification of Patients in the Community
Refer the Patient Immediately in the Following Conditions
Remember
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT MENTAL ILLNESS
General Attitude Towards the Mentally Ill
MENTAL HEALTH NURSING ISSUES for SPECIAL POPULATION
Children
Nursing Interventions
ADOLESCENTS
Mental Health Problems among Adolescents
Common Reasons for Mental Health Problems among Adolescents
Nursing Interventions
WOMEN
Premenstrual Syndrome
Psychiatric Disorders Associated with Childbirth
Mental Illness in Pregnancy
Puerperal Mental Disorders
Postnatal Blues (Transitory Mood Disorders)
Postnatal Depression
Puerperal Psychosis
Menopausal Syndrome
ELDERS
Nursing Management
VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE AND ABUSE
Child Abuse
Nursing Interventions
Domestic Violence
Nursing Intervention
Sexual Assault and Rape
Nursing Interventions for Sexual Assault and Rape
Elderly Abuse
HANDICAPPED
HIV/AIDS
Psychosocial Issues Related to a Positive Result
Suicidal Thoughts and Acts
Nursing Management
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Long Essays
Short Essays
Short Answers
Appendices
Appendix 1 HISTORY TAKING FORMAT IN PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
Appendix 2 MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION FORMAT
DIAGNOSTIC FORMULATION
Appendix 3 NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION FORMAT
Appendix 4 PHYSICAL EXAMINATION FORMAT
Appendix 5 PROCESS RECORDING FORMAT
Appendix 6 MINIMENTAL STATE EXAMINATION (MMSE) FORMAT
Appendix 7 ALCOHOLISM HISTORY COLLECTION FORMAT
Appendix 8 CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY ASSESSMENT FORMAT
Appendix 9 GERIATRIC HISTORY COLLECTION FORMAT
Appendix 10 NURSING CARE PLAN FORMAT IN PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
Appendix 11 CASE STUDY/CASE PRESENTATION FORMAT IN PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
Appendix 12 ECT HISTORY COLLECTION FORMAT
Appendix 13 PSYCHOTHERAPY FORMAT
Appendix 14 OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY FORMAT
Appendix 15 BEHAVIOR THERAPY FORMAT
Appendix 16 RECREATION / PLAY THERAPY FORMAT
Appendix 17 DE-ADDICTION THERAPY FORMAT
Appendix 18 HEALTH EDUCATION FORMAT
Appendix 19 DRUG BOOK FORMAT
Appendix 20 PSYCHIATRIC OPD LOG BOOK
Appendix 21 DRUG GUIDE
HALOPERIDOL
Trade Names
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindication
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
CHLORPROMAZINE
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindication
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
FLUPHENAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
TRIFLUPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side effects
Nurse's Responsibility
RISPERIDONE
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
OLANZAPINE
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
CLOZAPINE
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
IMIPRAMINE
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
CLOMIPRAMINE
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
FLUOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
SERTRALINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
TRANYLCYPROMINE SULFATE
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
ALPRAZOLAM
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
DIAZEPAM
Trade Name
Classification
Dose
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Side Effects
Nurse's Responsibility
Glossary
Further Reading
INDEX
TOC
Index
×
Chapter Notes
Save
Clear
