Principles of Pediatric & Neonatal Emergencies Panna Choudhury, Arvind Bagga, Krishan Chugh, Siddharth Ramji
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1Principles of PEDIATRIC AND NEONATAL EMERGENCIES2
3Principles of PEDIATRIC AND NEONATAL EMERGENCIES
Third Edition
Editors Panna Choudhury President IAP, 2009 and Former Senior Consultant Department of Pediatrics, Lok Nayak Hospital New Delhi, India Arvind Bagga Professor of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Nephrology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India Krishan Chugh Director Center for Child Health, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Delhi, India Siddharth Ramji Professor and Head of Neonatology Unit Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital New Delhi, India Piyush Gupta Editor-in-Chief, Indian Pediatrics and Professor of Pediatrics University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital Delhi, India
4
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Principles of Pediatric and Neonatal Emergencies
© 2011, Indian Pediatrics
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the editors and the publisher.
First Edition: 1994
Second Edition: 2004
Third Edition: 2011
9788184489507
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Ajanta Offset
5Contributors 13Foreword
The subspecialty of Pediatric and Neonatal Emergencies has seen tremendous growth in the last few years. This is one field where the treating physician is running against time. The timely treatment is vital for intact survival of sufferers.
The Indian Pediatrics Book Principles of Pediatric and Neonatal Emergencies has addressed this issue very well in its last two issues. There is a need to improve the understanding about the very basic behind handling these emergencies. The third edition of this book published by Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India has included recent developments in this field.
Contributors of this book are well-known experts from respective subspecialties and from various parts of our country. Editor-in-Chief, Dr Panna Choudhury, has done a great job in putting together all articles in a common editorial style. I congratulate other editors Dr Arvind Bagga, Dr Krishan Chugh, Dr Siddarth Ramji and Dr Piyush Gupta also in bringing out this book which covers all aspects of emergency pediatrics. There is a good combination of evidence and experience in dealing with all topics included in this book.
The book is written to be relevant to the needs of the hour. It is reasonably detailed and is a good blend of latest developments in the management approach in various pediatric and neonatal emergencies within the constraints of resources and equipment faced at most of the places.
I am sure this book will fulfill all needs of both, the practicing pediatricians and postgraduate students in dealing with emergencies.
Deepak Ugra md
Consultant Pediatrician
Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai
President, Indian Academy of Pediatrics – 201014
15Preface to the Third Edition
We are happy to present the third edition of Principles of Pediatric and Neonatal Emergencies. The present edition continues with its tradition of serving the needs of physicians involved in the immediate care of children and neonates with life-threatening illnesses. The book has been extensively revised and updated, to reflect the current standards of emergency care relevant to the needs of pediatricians working in developing countries.
This book continues to have the privilege of scholarly writings from illustrious authors, across the country. We welcome several new colleagues and express gratitude for their contributions to this edition. A number of chapters have been completely rewritten, including those on hematological disorders, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, neonatal surgical disorders, and ophthalmologic emergencies. Inputs from consensus and expert statements of the Academy have been incorporated for management of malaria and severe malnutrition. The emphasis continues to be on presenting management of common and important emergencies affecting children. Detailed discussions on pathophysiology have been avoided.
We hope that this text shall continue to serve the needs of pediatricians, physicians, resident doctors, other trainees and be a part of all pediatric emergency units. As before, all the royalties generated from the sale of the book shall pass onto the journal, Indian Pediatrics.
Finally, we thank Mr RG Bhardwaj and Ms Veena Arora for secretarial assistance and are grateful to M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India for their guidance and expeditious publication.
Panna Chaudhury
Arvind Bagga
Krishan Chugh
Siddharth Ramji
Piyush Gupta
New Delhi
January 201116
17Preface to the First Edition
For the practitioners of pediatric care, emergencies in children and neonates are an inescapable fact in their daily routine. Better understanding of pathophysiology and drug metabolism and availability of newer investigative and diagnostic facilities have led to the creation of new frontiers in this important subject. Prompt recognition and appropriate management of these emergencies make the difference between life and death. A variety of traditional western textbooks provide information on this topic. However, this updated knowledge is often not relevant for the developing world situation.
Inspired by the success of its earlier venture titled Pediatric and Neonatal Emergencies, Indian Pediatrics—the official journal of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics, took up the formidable challenge of providing comprehensive state-of-the-art information on the subject which would also be pertinent in the Indian milieu. The present publication has been extensively updated and enlarged from the earlier experiment which now appears like a distant cousin. Guidelines have also been incorporated for organization of pediatric intensive care units.
We are indebted to the group of distinguished contributors who promptly responded to our call, despite constraints of their busy schedules.
This volume is intended for pediatricians and physicians sharing initial contact with emergencies in children and neonates as well as those responsible for the subsequent critical and intensive care. Postgraduate students should find it of particular help. The book should also prove invaluable for all current and intended pediatric emergency care units.
The editors share of financial benefits from the royalties would accrue to the Indian Pediatrics in an attempt to make the journal self-sufficient. We are grateful to the publishers for ensuring the high quality of the book as well as its expeditious publication.
This volume is dedicated to the memory of late Dr Man Mohan, an active associate in the earlier venture.
HPS Sachdev
RK Puri
A Bagga
P Choudhury
New Delhi
February, 1994