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Ophthalmic Ultrasound
Ashok Garg, Arturo Perez Arteaga, Jose Maria Ruiz Moreno, T Mark Johnson, João J Nassaralla Jr
CHAPTER 1:
A-scan Biometry
INTRODUCTION
AXIAL LENGTH MEASUREMENT
KERATOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS
IOL FORMULA
Theoretical Formula
Introduction
Binkhorst Formula
Disadvantages
Regression Formula (Empirical Formula)
Introduction
Advantages
Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff (SRK) Formula
RELATION OF EQUIPMENT TO SPECIFIC FORMULAE
TARGETING IOL POSTOPERATIVE REFRACTION
Monocular Correction
Binocular Correction
FACTORS AFFECTING ACCURACY OF IOL POWER CALCULATION
Keratometry
Axial Length Measurement
Axial Length Correction Factor
Site of Loop Implantation
Orientation of Planoconvex Implants
Postoperative Change in Corneal Curvature
Density of the Cataract
IOL Tilt and Decentration
PSEUDOPHAKIC LASIK
CHAPTER 2:
Anterior Chamber Depth in IOL Power Estimation
INTRODUCTION
Methods to Measure ACD
How do the Various Methods Compare?
Pitfalls in ACD Measurement
CHAPTER 3:
A-scan in Difficult Situations
INTRODUCTION
KERATOMETRY IN CORNEAL SCARRING/LACERATIONS
POSTREFRACTIVE SURGERY IOL CALCULATION
HARD CONTACT LENS METHOD
REFRACTIVE HISTORY METHOD
ADJUSTING INTRAOCULAR LENS POWER FOR SULCUS FIXATION
INTRAOCULAR LENS POWER CALCULATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH EXTREME MYOPIA
INTRAOCULAR LENS POWER CALCULATION FOR LENS EXCHANGE
METHODS OF ESTIMATING CORNEAL REFRACTIVE POWER AFTER HYPEROPIC LASER IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS
CHANGES IN KERATOMETRIC CORNEAL POWER AND REFRACTIVE ERROR AFTER LASER THERMAL KERATOPLASTY
REFRACTIVE CHANGES IN PEDIATRIC PSEUDOPHAKIA
INTRAOCULAR LENS POWER CALCULATION AFTER MACULAR HOLE SURGERY
AXIAL LENGTH MEASUREMENT AND ASTEROID HYALOSIS
BILATERAL MICROCORNEA AND UNILATERAL MACROPHTHALMIA RESULTING IN INCORRECT INTRAOCULAR LENS SELECTION
CHAPTER 4:
IOL Calculations: When, How and Which?
IOL MASTER PHYSICS
Introduction
Principle
Limitations
IOL POWER CALCULATION FORMULAE: IOL MASTER BASICS, APPLICATION AND FALLACIES
Background
Theoretical Formulae
Binkhorst Formula
Regression (Empirical) Formulae 1
Axial Length Measurement
Newer/3rd Generation Theoretical Formulae
Haigis Formula
Hoffer Q Formula
Holladay Formula: 1 and 2
Constant of IOL Formulae
Effective Lense Position
Lens Position Constant
Comparison in Efficacy of Formulae
Fallacies of Newer Formulae
COMPARISON IMMERSION ULTRASOUND BIOMETRY (IUS) VS PARTIAL COHERENCE INTERFEROMETRY (PCI/OCB)
Introduction
Immersion A-scan Biometry
Technique
Optical Coherence Biometry
Technique
Studies
Inference
CHAPTER 5:
Optical Biometry with IOL Master (Partial Coherence Interferometry)
INTRODUCTION
IOL MASTER
Technique
Ideal Axial Length Recording
INFERENCE
CHAPTER 6:
Biometry for Refractive Lens Surgery
AXIAL LENGTH MEASUREMENTS
SURGICAL OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT
KERATOMETRY AFTER KERATOREFRACTIVE SURGERY
CHAPTER 7:
Principles of Diagnostic Ultrasound
PRINCIPLES OF ULTRASOUND
B-SCAN EVALUATION
CHAPTER 8:
Ultrasound in Diabetic Retinopathy
CHAPTER 9:
Diagnostic Ultrasound in Retinal Detachment
CHAPTER 10:
Ultrasound in Age-related Macular Diseases
GENERAL CONCEPTS
Causes
Symptoms
Clinical Signs
Investigations
Treatment
CHAPTER 11:
Ultrasound in Vascular Occlusions
GENERAL CONCEPTS
Predisposing Factors
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
INTRODUCTION
Pathophysiology and Clinical Consequences
Ophthalmic Echography in Hypertensive Retinopathy
CHAPTER 12:
Ultrasound in Macular Diseases
GENERAL CONCEPTS
History Taking and Symptoms
Physical Findings
Investigations
Treatment
GENERAL CONCEPTS
Macular Holes Stages (Johnson and Gass, 1988)
Symptoms
Clinical Signs
Differential Diagnosis
Investigations
Treatment
CHAPTER 13:
Optic Disc Drusen
CHAPTER 14:
Posterior Vitreous Detachment
CHAPTER 15:
Ultrasonography in Vitreous Hemorrhage
CHAPTER 16:
Retinoschisis and Vitreoschisis
CHAPTER 17:
Echographic Diagnostic of Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma
CHAPTER 18:
Ultrasound in Vitreous Diseases
INTRODUCTION
VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE
VITREITIS (INTERMEDIATE UVEITIS)
CHAPTER 19:
Vitreous Opacities
INTRODUCTION
Pathophysiology
For Single Vitreous Opacities
For Multiple Scattered Vitreous Opacities
CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PROGNOSIS
INDEX
TOC
Index
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