A
Abdomen 246
acute 292
differential diagnosis of 291t
dilated veins 252b
general physical examination 249
inspection 250
palpation 256
superficial 256
percussion abnormalities 269
regions of 246f
shape of 251
Abdominal movements 254
Abdominal paracentesis 289
Abdominal pulsations 250
Abdominojugular reflux 174
Abductor pollicis brevis 379t
Abnormal bowel sounds 273
Abscess 237t
Acanthosis nigricans 69t
abdominal muscles 223
alae nasi 223
latismus dorsi 223
pectoralis major 223
scalani 223
serrotus anterior 223
sternomastoid 223
trapezius 223
Acne vulgaris 76f
Acromioclavicular joint 449
Actinomycetes 220b
Addisonian crisis 418t
Additional sounds 182
ADH deficiency 526t
Adie's pupil 93
Adiposogenital syndrome 507t
Adnexal masses 321
Adrenal axis 517
Adrenal crisis 22t
Adrenal disease 140t
Adrenalectomy 73t
Adson's test 201
Agranulocytosis 35
Alcohol related disorders 11b
Alcoholic dementia 11b
Alcoholic hepatitis 11b
Alcoholism 70b
Alkaline phosphatase 285
Allergic alveolitis 35
Allergic contact dermatitis 68b
Allergic rhinitis 217t
Alpha 1-antitrypsin 286
Alveolitis 217
Amblyopia 95t
Amnesia 338b
Amoebiasis 299b
Amoebic dysentery 7
Amoebic liver abscess 19f
deficiency 472t
dimorphic 471
folic acid 472t
hypoplastic 472t
iron deficiency 472t
leucoerythroblastic 474
macrocytic 471
hypochromic 471
megaloblastic 73t
normocytic normochromic 471
pernicious 479b
symptoms and signs of 470b
vitamin B12 deficiency 472t
Anal skin tags 277
Analgesia 332
Androgenic alopecia 80t
Aneurysmal disease 205
Angina pectoris 31t
Angiography, pulmonary 244
Angiotensin-aldosterone system 156
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 140t
Angle of louis 212
Angular stomatitis 342
Anhydrosis 94t
Anisocoria 93
Ankle and foot, examination of 463
Anorectal disorders 276
Anorexia-bulimia 57
Anotia 116
Anthropometry 57
Antinatriuretic hormone 157
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies 466
Antinuclear antibodies 466
Anti-RNA polymerase antibodies 466
Antithrombin III 304
Anxiety 489t
Aorta 192
Aortic dissecting aneurysm 31t
Aortic ejection systolic murmur 175
Aortoiliac aneurysm 200b
APGAR score 492
Apical impulse 162
Apical lung neoplasm 441b
Apocrine glands 67
Appendicular mass, characteristics 266
Aqueductal stenosis 359b
Aqueous humour 83
Arachnodactyly 54t
ARDS 27b
Arterial bruits 186
Arterial insufficiency 209t
Arterial pulse
anacrotic 170t
arterial wall 169
character 166
characteristic 170t
dicrotic pulse 170t
irregularly irregular pulse 168b
normal 170t
pulse rate 167b
pulsus
alternans 170t
bigeminus 170t
bisferiens 170t
paradoxus 170t
rate 166
regularly irregular pulse 168b
volume 168
Arteriosclerosis 169
Arteriovenous anastomosis 300
Arteritis 199
Arthralgia 427t
Arthrogram 468
Arthropathy 426
Articular processes 440
Asbestosis 217t
Ascending aorta 192
Asthenia 43b
Asymmetrical oligoarthritis 430t
Atelectasis 224
Atheroembolism 204
Atheroma 335f
Atherosclerotic obliterans 199
Atlantoaxial joint 442t
Atopic eczema 68b
Atrial flutter 167b
Atrial thrombus 199
Atrioventricular fistula 198t
Atrioventricular malformations 205t
Atrioventricular valves 162
Auditory acuity 117
Auricle examination 116
Automatism 16t
Autonomic dysfunctions, symptoms of 405b
Autonomic hyperactivity 418t
Autosomal recessive disorders 7
AV block first degree 184b
Axillary nodes 137t
Axons 325
Azotemia 298
B
Babinski's response 387
Back 275
Bacteriuria 310
Balanitis 313
Balanoposthitis 313
Bartholin's gland abscess 318
Bartter's syndrome 298
Basal cell carcinoma 70f
Becker's muscular dystrophy 374f
Behçet's syndrome 435t
Bence-Jones protein's, test for 534
Benedickt's syndrome 338t
Benign cholestasis 26t
Benign intracranial hypertension 63t
Benign prostatic hypertrophy 278
Benzidine test 536
Berger's disease 297
Beri-beri 157t
Berylliosis 217t
Biceps 380t
Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis 222
Bile pigments, tests for 307
Bile salts, test for 536
Bimanual palpation 259b
Biot's breathing 218b
Bird fancier's lung 217t
Blood 470
Blood culture 531
Blood in urine, tests for 305
Blood loss signs and symptoms 37t
Blood pool scanning 196
Boiling test 533
Bone density 468
Bone pain 429
Bone scanning 410
Bowel sounds, auscultation of 272f
Bowman's capsule 294
Brachial pressure index 199
Brachioradialis 380t
Brainstem reticular activating system (RAS) 415
BRCA1 138
BRCA2 138
abscess
lactational abscess (ES) 138
nonlactational 138
atrophy 25
carcinoma 137
risk factors 137
TNM classification 137t
cysts 138
fibroadenomas 138
fibrocystic disease 138
lymphoedema 138
stages of development 136f
Breast disease
investigations 143
fine-needle aspiration 143
mammography 143
MRI 143
trucut biopsy 143
ultrasound 143
symptoms 137
Breathing abdominal 221
Breathing patterns, in respiratory disorders 218b
Brisk tendon stretch reflexes 329
Brissaud's reflex 387
Broca's area 347
Bromsulphalein (BSP) clearance 286
Bronchial adenoma 30t
Bronchial asthma acute 34t
Bronchial tree 214
Broncholitis 241t
Bronchopneumonia acute 27b
Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 238
Bronchoscopy 243
Bronholm disease 30t
Bruises 37
Bruit 520
Buerger's test 201
Bulbar conjunctivae 89
Bulge sign 460
Bursae 427
Bursitis 50b
C
Calcitonin 133
Campbell de Morgan spots 250
Canal of Schlemm 83
Candida albicans 533
Candida spp 533b
Capillary naevus 78f
Caput medusae 25
Carboxyhaemoglobin 73
Carcinoid tumour 68b
Cardiac arrhythmias 188
Cardiac catheterisation 196
Cardiac disease 28
Cardiac ischaemia 441b
Cardiac murmurs 163
Cardiac rupture 192
Cardiac tamponade 41t
Cardiovascular symptoms 25
Carditis 176b
Carotenaemia 70
Carpometacarpal joint 428b
Carrey-Comb's murmur 187t
Cataract 84b
Cauda equina 326
Cauda equina syndrome 442
Caudate nucleus 325
Cavernous haemangioma 77
Central artery of retina 100
Cerebellar lesions 406t
Cerebellopontine angle 361t
Cerebral abscess 410b
Cerebral angiography 409
Cerebral cortex 330b
Cerebral embolism 28
Cerebral hemispheres 347
Cerebral infarcts 410
Cerebral lacunar infarcts 371
Cerebral malaria 420
Cerebral tumour 410b
Cerebrospinal fluid 326
Cerebrovascular disease 197
Cerebrum 325
Cervical carcinoma 317
Cervical rib 441b
Cervical smear 321
Cervical spondylosis 441b
Chaddock's sign 388b
Chagas' disease 23t
Charcot arthritis 50b
Charcot's joint 435
Charcot-marie-tooth 152
Cheese worker's lung 217t
Chemosis 520
Chest
deformities 221t
fluoroscopy of 238
movements of 221
normal shape of 220b
X-ray 191
of 239b
indications of 192
Chilaiditi's syndrome 269
Chlamydia trachomatis 533b
Cholangitis, acute 21t
Cholelithiasis 261
Christmas disease 37b
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction 24t
Chvostek's sign 397
Chyluria 298
Ciliary body 83
Ciliospinal reflex 94t
Citrullinated cyclic peptide (CCP) antibodies 465
Claude syndrome 338t
Claw foot 152
Claw hand 144b
Clinitest 307
Clonus 375
Close-angle glaucoma acute 85b
Coagulation pathways 482
Coal worker's pneumoconiosis 217t
Coccyx 440
Cochlear nuclei 367
Cochlear otosclerosis 114b
Coeliac sprue 24t
Coin test 233
Colic 20t
Colitis 19f
Collagen diseases 121b
Collagen vascular disorders 50b
Collateral ligaments 459
Colonic carcinoma 24t
Colonoscopy 281
Coma examination, brainstem reflexes 422f
Coma like syndromes 415
akinetic mutism 415
catatonia 415
coma vigil 415
hysterical pseudocoma 415
locked-in-state 415
vegetative state 415
Coma scale, Glasgow 419b
Coma 415
abnormal posturing 419
causes of 415
clinical
cause of 418t
evaluation of a patient 416
common causes of 416
due to encephalitis 420f
eye movements in 421
general physical examination 417
head injury 420
hepatic 419f
immediate assessment of 417t
investigations 423
metabolic clinical features 418b
neurological
clinical features 418b
examination 417
ocular fundus examination 423
pupillary size and reaction 421
without neurological signs 423b
Conduction defects 188
Conductive deafness 114
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 48t
Congenital hyperbilirubinaemia 26t
Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia 282
Consciousness 344
Constructional apraxia 346f
Convulsions 40b
COPD 7, 30, 32b, 33, 33t, 34–36, 178, 179, 183, 192, 193, 217–220, 222, 225, 233, 234t, 240, 241, 244
risk factors for 217f
Corneal arcus 200b
Corneal blink reflex 422
Corneal oedema 90
Corneal reflex 361
Corneal ulceration 85b
Coronary angiography
Corticobulbar fibres 327
Corticospinal tract 327
Costochondritis 30t
Costophrenic angle 247
Costovertebral joints 446
Courvoisier's law 261
nerve palsy 358
common abnormalities 370
motor innervation 368t
parasympathetic innervation 368t
reflex 368t
sensory innervation 368t
examination of 351
nerve paralysis 366t
functions 327b
glossopharyngeal 327b
common abnormalities 370
motor innervation 368t
neuralgia 368
parasympathetic innervation 368t
reflex 368
sensory innervation 368t
nerve palsy, bilateral 371
spinal accessory 327b
mandibular 360
maxillary 360
nerve disorders 361t
ophthalmic 360
palsy 90
nerve palsy 358
vagus 327b
common abnormalities 370
motor innervation 368t
nerve palsy 368
parasympathetic innervation 368t
reflex 368t
sensory innervation 368t
cochlear functions 367
vestibular functions 367
Creatinine 310
Crest syndrome 200b
Cretinism 54
Cricoid cartilage 511b
Cruciate ligaments 459
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome 273
CSF examination 424
CT scan, diagnostic value of 407b
Cutis vulgaris 220b
mixed 166
Cyst of epididymis 317t
Cystic medial necrosis 192
Cystocele 318
Cystourethrocele 319
D
Debre-Kocher-Semelaigne syndrome 45b
clinical manifestations of 207t
complications 208
differential diagnosis 208
investigations 207
of arm 207t
of leg 207t
Degenerative disorders 428b
Dehydration 59b
Deltoid ligament 461
Deltoid reflex 384
Demyelinating optic neuritis 103
Dendritic cells 67
Dermatitis artefacta 69t
Dermatitis herpetiformis 69t
Dermatome 333
Dermatomyositis 73t
Dermatophytes 533
Descending aorta 178
Dextrocardia 179
Diabetes mellitus 6, 6b, 7, 8t, 16, 17t, 18, 24t, 38, 56, 59b, 80t, 161, 198, 298, 300b, 306, 416, 506, 526, 528, 527f
diagnostic criteria 526b
clinical presentations 528b
Diabetic coma 418t
Diabetic dermopathy 509
Diabetic myopathy 45b
Diabetic nephropathy 309
Diadochokinesis 390
Diaphragmatic paralysis 254
Diaphragmatic pleurisy 19
Diarrhoea acute, causes of 23t
Diarrhoea chronic, classification of 24t
Diarrhoea nocturnal 402
Diastolic murmur 182
Diencephalon 325
Differential leucocyte count 481
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis 309
Dilatation acute 193
Dilated pupils 418t
Dinner-fork deformity 394
Dip stick test 304
Disc protrusion 442
Discoid lupus erythematosus 80t
Distant vision, tests for 91
Diuretic therapy 6b
Diverticular disease 24t
Dix and Hallpike method 119
Doll's eye reflex 367
Double apex beat 180
Dowager hump 442
Drum examination 117
Dry eye syndrome 90
Dry tongue 59
Dubin-Johnson syndrome 307
Duodenal ulcer 19f
Duodenum 267b
Duplex venous ultrasonography 207
Dura mater 326
Durkan's sign 456
Dwarfism 508
Dysdiadochokinesis 329
Dyshormonogenesis 18t
Dysmenorrhoea 20t
E
Eccrine glands 67
Echocardiographic values, normal 194t
Eczema 69
Edinger-Westphal nucleus 355
Electroencephalography (EEG) 410
Electromyography (EMG) 410
Electronystagmography 119
Electroretinograms 103
Embolisation 197
Empyema 220
Encephalitis lethargica 422
Encephalocoele 64b
Endocrinal diseases
common presenting symptoms of 507t
general physical examination (GPE) 508
physical signs of 508t
systemic examination in 515t
Endocrinal imaging 518
Endocrine system 505
Endometritis 20t
Endophthalmitis 85b
Enophthalmos 87
Enterohepatic circulation 307
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis 24t
Epidemic myalgia 30t
Epidermis 66
Epididymis 316
Epididymo-orchitis 317t
Epiglottis 124
Epileptic fit 42t
Epiphora 84
Episcleritis 85b
Erector spinae 382t
Erosive gastritis 8t
Eruptive xanthomas 509
Erysipelas 122
Erythropoietin 295
Ethmoidal sinuses 360
Eustachian tube 114
Exanthematous fever 7
Exocrine pancreatic function 282
Extension 445
Extensor plantar responses 329
External auditory canal 117
External auditory meatus 117
External blunt trauma 113b
External ocular muscles, functions 356f
External strabismus 357
External urethral meatus 313
Extramedullary erythropoiesis 476
Extraocular muscles, paralysis 86
Extrapyramidal lesions 329
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis 217t
F
Faecal impaction 24t
Faeces, examination of 532
Familial urate nephropathy 298
Farmer's lung 217t
Fasciculations 397
Fatigue 28
Fatty abdomen 253
Feet, examination 151
Felty's syndrome 435t
Ferric chloride 535
Fibromyositis 43b
Fibrosing alveolitis 150b
Fibrositis 43b
Fibrous ankylosis 439
Filariasis 157t
Finger to finger test 389
Finger-nose test 389
Fistula 24
Flat chest 220
Flatulent dyspepsia 13t
Flexion 445
Flexor retinaculum 453
Flexors/extensors, wrist 380t
Floating ribs 213b
Fluoroscopy 194
Foetal alcohol syndrome 11b
Foot 461
Fornix 87
Foster-Kennedy syndrome 101t
Fovea centralis 83
Frenzel's glasses 119
Friction rub 273
Friedreich's ataxia 152
Frontal lobe lesion 406t
Fructosuria 307
FSH 515b
Funnel chest 221t
Furunculosis 122
G
GB syndrome 375t
Gag reflex 368
antalgic 434
apraxia 392
examination of 391
painless 434
trendelenburg 434
types of 393t
waddling 434
Gallstones 55t
GALS screening tests 432f
Gastric carcinoma 37
Gastroscopy 280
Gaze palsy 359b
General physical examination 51
built 53
complexion 51
facial appearance 51
gait 51
measurement
of height 53
of weight 53
mental state 51
nutritional status 57
odour 53
personal hygiene 51
speech 51
state of hydration 58
vitals 59
blood pressure 59
pulse 59
respiration 59
temperature 59
Generalised purpura 69t
Genital system 46
Genital warts 299b
Genitalia 295
female
external examination 317
inspection 317
internal examination 321
palpation 32
related symptoms 296b
male 295
examination 313
related symptoms 296b
Genitourinary symptoms 296
Genu valgum 460
Genu varum 460
Gerhardt test 307
Giardiasis 299b
Gibbus 444
Gille de la Tourette's syndrome 397
Gingivitis 37b
Glanzmann's disease 121b
Glenohumeral arthritis 435
Glenohumeral joint 448
Glisson's capsule 25
Globulins 304
Glomus jugulare tumour 372t
Glucoronyl transferase 307
Gonadal axis 515
Gonadotropin deficiency 526t
Gonadotropin releasing hormone 526t
Gonococcal urethritis 315f
Goodpasture's syndrome 30t
Gordon's reflex 388b
Gouty tophi 439b
Gradenigo's syndrome 340t
Granulomatous disease 47t
Graphaesthesia 402
Grasp reflex 346f
Grasping and avoiding reflexes 346
Gray matter 325
Growth axis 516
Gustatory hyperhidrosis 17t
H
Haemangioblastomas 301
Haemangiomas 250
Haematological disorders, oral manifestations of 479b
Haematomas 478t
Haemodialysis 300
Haemoglobinopathies 471
Haemophilia A 9t
Haemophilia B 9t
Haemothorax 217t
Hallucinations 345
Hand deformities, analysis of 152t
Hay fever 18t
Head 62
Hearing, assessment of 117
Heat coagulation method 304
Heaves 180
Heberden's nodes 151b
Hemarthrosis 154
Hematochezia 20
Hemiballismus 396
Hemifacial spasms 364
Hemothorax 227
Henöch-Schönlein purpura 37b
Hepatic flexor of colon 267b
Hepatic venous pulsation 178
Hepatitis A 22t
Hepatitis B core antigen and antibody 286
Hepatitis C virus antibody 287
Hepatitis D-antigen and antibody 287
Hepatitis E virus antibody 287
Hepatitis infective 307
Hepatobiliary diseases 19
Hepatosplenomegaly 475
Herberdon's nodes 151f
Hereditary spherocytosis 20t
Herpes keratitis 85b
Herpes simplex infection 90
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 533b
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus 85b
Herpetic vesicular eruptions 220b
Heubner's artery 334
Hip 456
Hip disease, symptoms of 456
Hip joint, examination of 456
Hippel-Lindau disease 298
Hirschsprung's disease 24t
HOCM 183
Hoffman's syndrome 45b
Holmes-Adie pupil 95
Holter monitoring 191
Homonymous hemianopia 353t
Hormones, functions of 505
Human chorionic gonadotrophin 49t
Humidifier fever 217t
Huntington's disease 7
Hydatid thrill 272
Hydronephrosis 20t
Hypercalcaemic crisis 20t
Hyperkeratosis 145b
Hyperkinesis 519t
Hypermagnesaemia 59b
Hyperphosphataemia 297
Hypertensive crisis 84b
Hyperthermia 60
Hypertonia 375
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy 435t
Hyperuricaemia 55t
Hyperviscosity syndromes 336t
Hypoaldosteronism 43b
Hypoalgesia 44b
Hypochromia 483t
Hypodermis 66
Hypogammaglobulinaemia 217t
Hypophosphataemia 43t
Hypospadias 313
Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction 48
Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction 48t
I
Ileocaecal mass 267
Iliopsoas abscess 268
Illusions 345
Immobile cilia syndrome 47t
Immune complex vasculitis 177
Impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) 526b
Impedance audiology 120
Infectious arthritis 50b
Inferior vena cava obstruction 252b
Infertility 47
Inflammatory myositis 223b
Influenza 8t
Inguinal lymph nodes 274
Insulin test 517
Intercostals spaces, palpation 224
Internal jugular pulsations 173t
Internal jugular vein 172
Interossei muscles 379t
Intervertebral disc 442
Intervertebral foramina 440
Intracardiac thrombus 28
Intracerebral haemorrhage 418t
Intraluminal thrombosis 208
Intraocular tumour 84b
Intravenous synacthen test 517
Iodine deficiency 133
Iris 92
Iritis/iridocyclitis 85b
Ischaemic cardiomyopathy 180
Isometric testing 378
J
Jaw, protrusion and retraction of 440
Jerks, abnormalities of 386t
Joffroy's sign 521f
Joint crepitus 438
Joint disease, features of 429b
Joint examination
sacrococcygeal spines 440
Joint pain, assessment of 429
Joints and bones, examination of the 434
Juxtaglomerular apparatus 294
K
Kennedy's disease 371
Keratinocytes 67
Keratoconjunctivitis, phlyctenular 218
Keratoconus 85
Ketoacidosis 218b
Ketostix test 535
Kidneys 294
causes of enlargement of 264b
common abnormalities 264
congenital horseshoe 264
enlarged 264
palpation 262
small 264
Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis 123
Knee jerk 384
Kocher's test 511
Korsakoff's syndromes 11b
Kronig's isthmus 229
Krukenberg tumour 48t
L
Labyrinthitis Meniere's disease 119
Lacrimal apparatus, inspection of 89
Lacrimal sac 83
Lacrimation 84
Lactate provocation test 503
Lactic acidosis 33t
Lactosuria 307
Lacunar infarct 336
Lambert-Eaton syndrome 43t
Langerhan's cells 67
Laparoscopy 290
Large bowel obstruction 269
Large intestinal obstruction 254
Laryngeal carcinoma 35t
Laryngeal oedema 33
Laryngopharynx 124
Laryngoscopy 243
Larynx 113
Lateral bending 445
Latissimus dorsi 381t
Lead 442
Leber's hereditary optic atrophy 84b
Left atrial enlargement 192
Left atrial myxoma 168t
Left iliac fossa, mass in 269
Left ventricular aneurysm 180
Left ventricular dilatation 192
Left ventricular failure (pulmonary) 34t
Left ventricular failure, acute 33t
Leg ulceration chronic 210
Legs, examination 151
Lens 90
Lens opacity 97
Leprosy 155
Leucoerythroblastosis 483t
Leuconychia 301
Leucopenia 471
Leukaemia 35
Levator palpebrae 83
Lhermitte's sign 332
Lichen planus 147t
Ligaments 426
Light reflex 93f
Lipiduria 304
Liver 267b
abnormalities 259
aspiration 290
biopsy 290
disease 37b
acute 25
dullness 227
enlargement 259
mass, characteristics of 259b
palpation 258
Lobar collapse 237t
Lobar consolidation 237t
Lobar pneumonia 238
Locked-in syndrome 338t
Locomotor abnormality, screening system for 431
Locomotor disorders, examination of 431
Locomotor system 426
Long flexors, testing of 379t
Lordosis 443
Low back pain, common causes of 443b
Lower urinary tract 308t
Lumbar region mass, differential diagnosis of 268b
Lumbricals, testing of 379t
Luteinizing hormone 515b
Luthy’ sign 456
Lymphatic carcinomatosis 33t
Lymphatic leukaemia chronic 68b
Lymphocytes 67
Lymphocytic leukaemia chronic 132t
Lymphoid leukaemia 131
Lymphomas 35
Lymphopenia 473
M
Macrocytosis 483t
Macrotia 116
Macula 97
Macular flecks 301
Macular sparing 352
Malar flush 166
Malignancy 30t
Malocclusion, teeth 362
Malt worker's lung 217t
Mammary souffle 186
Maple bark stripper's lung 217t
Marasmus 57f
Mass in abdomen, differential diagnosis of 266
Mass in right hypochondrium, differential diagnosis of 267b
Mass in the epigastrium, differential diagnosis of 267b
Massive pulmonary embolism 34t
Mast cells 67
Match-stick test 236
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome 48t
Mccune-Albright syndrome 48t
Measles 6
Mediastinal compression 101t
Mediastinal crunch 234t
Mediastinitis 30t
Mediastinoscopy 243
Medulla oblongata 326
Medullary cystic disease 298
Medullary infarct 371
Medullary sponge kidney 298
Melanin 67
Melotia 116
Memory 345
Meningeal irritation, signs of 350
Meninges 114
Meningism 350t
Meningoencephalitis 418t
Mesenteric lymphadenitis 20t
Metabolic bone disease 50b
Metallic sounds 185
Methaemoglobinaemia 479b
Microbial tests 530
Microcytosis 483t
Microphthalmia 87
Microtia 116
Midbrain 326
Middleton manoeuvre 476
Migrainous neuralgia 362t
Milkmaid's grip 394
Millard-Gubler syndrome 338t
Millard-Gubler-Foville syndrome 357t
Milroy's disease 157b
Mirizzi's syndrome 261
Mixed connective tissue syndrome 43b
Molluscum contagiosum 299b
Mononeuritis 402
Morton's metatarsalgia 404b
Motion sickness 22t
Motor system disorders 330t
Motor system, examination of 371
Multiple endocrinal neoplasia 18t
Multiple myeloma, investigations for 487b
Murphy's sign 260
Muscle disorders 406t
Muscle spasm 397
Muscle strength, testing of 377
Muscle testing 379t
Muscle, segmental innervation 335f
Muscles upper limb 378
Muscular dystrophy-duchenne type 372
Myalgia 43b
Myasthenia-myopathic syndrome 43t
Myelofibrosis 483b
Myelography 410
Myeloproliferative disorders 476
Myocardial disease 41t
Myocardial scanning 196
Myokymia 397
Myxoedema coma 423b
N
Nail dysplasia 301
Nail folds, examination of 150
Nasal airway 122
Nasal disease, symptoms of 121
Nasal obstruction 121
Nasal polyps 123
Nasolacrimal duct 121
inspection 126t
palpation 126
flexors 382t
lump in 125
cervical 127
mass examination of 128b
occipital 126
posterior auricular 126
posterior cervical 127
preauricular 126
submandibular 126
submental 127
superficial cervical 127
supraclavicular 127
tonsillar 126
muscles 382t
Needle sharing disorders 11f
Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection 533b
Nelson's syndrome 73t
Neoplasia 20t
Nephritis, hereditary 297
Nephrotoxic drugs 299b
Nerve conduction 411
Neurological disorder, investigations 407
Neuromuscular diseases 23b
Neuromuscular junction 330
Neurons 325
Neuropathic joint 154
Neuropathic ulcer 209t
Neuropathy, clinical features of 528t
Neuropsychiatric assessment 500
Nipple inversion 138
Non-ejection clicks 184
Normal thyroid profile 516b
Nothnagel's syndrome 338t
O
Obliterative arterial disease 204
Obstructive ventilatory defect 240
Obturator sign 267
Occlusive peripheral arterial disease 199t
acute arterial ischaemia 199t
chronic arterial disease 199t
Occupational lung diseases 217t
Ocular movements, testing of 94
Ocular myopathies 86b
ankle 155
causes of 157t
differential diagnosis of 157b
distribution of 156
localised 156
postural 156
sacral 155
unilateral 156
Oesinophilic lung disease 234t
Oesophageal myopathy 23t
Oesophageal tear 30t
Oesophageal varices 37
Oesophagoscopy 280
Oestradiol 515b
Oligoarthritis 50b
Oligospermia 514t
Onychodermal angle 145
Opening snap 185
Ophthalmic artery 356
Ophthalmic veins 339
Ophthalmoscopy 101
Opponens pollicis 379t
Optic pathways 92
Optokinetic nystagmus 353t
Orbital myositis 86b
Organ of corti 367
Oro-facial dyskinesias 397
Ortic stenosis 183
Osteochondromata 429
Osteomyelitis 438
Otorrhoea 114
Ototoxic drugs 114b
Ovarian neoplasm 82t
Overuse syndrome 431
P
Pain chest 216b
Palmomental reflexes 346
Palpation sounds 180
Palpebral fissure 83
PANCA (perinuclear staining) 466
Pancreas, carcinoma of the head 261
Pancreatic disease 19
Pancreatic insufficiency 24t
Papillary muscle dysfunction 187t
Para-abducens nucleus 355
Paradoxical resonance 228
Paraneoplastic-myasthenic myopathic syndrome 373t
Parietal lobe dysfunction 406t
Parinaud syndrome 338t
Paronychia 150
Parotid glands enlargement 52t
Pectoral reflex 384
Pectus carinum 178
Pedal oedema 16t
Pediculosis pubis 299b
Pellagra 71
PEM 508
Pendular jerks 394
Penile discharge 20
Pentagastrin test 281
Pentosuria 307
Percussion myokymia 229
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography 288
Perforated intestine 21t
Perianal haematoma 277
Pericardial diseases 188
Pericardial knock 186
Pericardium 192
Perichondritis 113b
Perimetery 354
Periodontitis 37b
Peripheral arterial disease 198
aneurysmal disease 198
occlusive arterial disease 198
vasospastic disorders 198
Peripheral blood film (PBF) examination 481
Peripheral nerve lesions 361t
Peripheral nervous system 326
Peripheral pitting oedema, causes of 27b
Peripheral pulses
brachial pulse 202f
carotid artery 202b
femoral artery pulsations 202f
palpation of 202
pedis artery pulsations 202f
popliteal artery pulsations 202f
posterior tibial artery 202f
Peripheral vascular disease, investigations 205
Peripheral vessels, disorders of 204
Perisplenitis 476
Peritonsillar abscess 124
Persistent isolated proteinuria 297
Pertussis 53
Petechiae 37
Petechial haemorrhages 480
Peyronie's disease 313
Phagocytes 67
Phalen's manoeuvre 455
Pharyngitis 23t
Pharynx 28
Phenytoin toxicity 49t
Photodermatosis 74
Piamater 62
Pickwickian syndrome 55t
Piebaldism 70
Pigeon chest 221t
Piles 24t
Pinguecula 89
Pitting oedema 219
Pituitary adenoma 100b
Pituitary tumours 46
Plummer-Vinson's syndrome 23t
Pneumaturia 40
Pneumoconiosis 241t
Pneumocystis carinii 473
Pneumonectomy 224
Pneumonic consolidation 232t
Poikilocytosis 483t
Poland's syndrome 147t
Polyarthralgia, causes of 50b
Polychondritis helix 113b
Polycystic kidney disease 298
Polymenorrhoea 17t
Polyphagia 298
Polyposis 150b
Pons 326
Popliteal artery aneurysm 205t
Portal venography 289
Positron emission tomography (PET) 468
Posterior cranial fossa lesion 420
Postictal phenomenon 16t
Postmenopausal bleeding 300
Postnasal space, examination 123
Postphlebitic syndrome 208
Post-tussive crackles 233
Post-tussive suction 233
Post-zoster neuralgia 362t
Pouch of Douglas 278
Prechordium examination
chest deformities 178
localised bulge 178
pulsations 178
scars 178
percussion 177
Precocious puberty 48
Precordium, examination 177
Premorbid personality 495
Primary haemostasis 478t
Primary haemostatic defect 477
Progesterone 515b
Prognathism 54t
Prolactin 526t
Prolactinoma 523
Pronator sign 394
Prostatic carcinoma 298
Prostatitis 39t
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) 56t
aetiopathogenesis of 305
asymptomatic 305
Bence-Jones 305
consequences 304
glomerular 305
orthostatic 305
tests 304
tubular 305
Proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPS) 453
Pseudocushing syndrome 53b
Pseudohypopara-thyroidism 147t
Pseudopancreatic cyst 267b
Pseudopapilloedema 101t
Pseudoptosis 89
Psoas cold abscess 442
Psoas sign 267
Psoriatic arthritis 434
Psoriatic arthropathy 152t
Psychiatric history 490
Psychogenic hyperventilation 33t
Psychological tests 503
Psychosis 519t
Pulmonary consolidation 234t
Pulmonary conus 192
Pulmonary oligaemia 193
Pulmonary rales 418t
Pulmonary valvular stenosis 187t
Pulsus alternans 168
Pupillary reflexes 352
Pyloric obstruction 254
Pyloric stenosis 254
Pyonephrosis 20t
Pyuria 298
R
Radial pulse 167f
Radiocarpal joint 453
Radionuclide scanning 196
Radioulnar joint 453
Rapid breathing 218b
Rapid left ventricular filling 184
RAS 416
Reagent strips 307
Rectal bleeding 247b
Rectum 276
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy 200b
Reducing sugars, tests for 307
Reflex
anal 388
bulbocavernosus 388
ciliospinal 405
corneal 388
cough 388
cremasteric 386
mass 389
palatal 388
pilomotor 405
scapular 388
superficial 386
superficial abdominal 386
tendon 385
Refraction test 100
Reifenstein's syndrome 140t
Renal angiogram 312
Renal biopsy 312
Renal bone disease 298
Renal clearance 310
Renal functions 294
Renal infarction 20t
Renal oedema 52t
Renal osteodystrophy 297
Renal rickets 301
Renal transplant 300
Renal tubular defects 297
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade 304
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 294
Reptile tongue 394
Resonance 225
Respiratory disease
chest X-ray 239
computed tomography 239
cytological examination 239
microbial examination 239
routine haematological 238
routine sputum examination 238
serological tests 239
skin tests 239
physical signs 237t
skin lesions in 220b
Respiratory function test 236
Respiratory muscle dysfunction 32
Respiratory muscle paralysis 32b
Respiratory reflex 402
Respiratory sinus infection 7
Respiratory symptoms 28
Respiratory tract, common symptoms 216b
Restrictive lung disease 218b
Restrictive ventilatory defect 240
Retinal atrophy 98
Retinal detachment 84b
Retinal vascular thrombosis 301
Retinitis 102b
Retinitis pigmentosa 84b
Retrobulbar neuritis 98
Retroperitoneal fibrosis 295
Retropharyngeal abscess 124
Retrosternal chest 247b
Reversible ischaemic neurological deficit 16t
Rheumatic carditis 176
Rheumatic nodules 439b
Rheumatic symptoms, common 49b
Rheumatic valvular disease 6
Rheumatoid factor 465
Rheumatoid nodules 151b
Rhinorrhoea 121
Rhonchi 233
Rickets 508
Rickety rosary 301
Riedel's thyroiditis 511
Right atrial enlargement 192
Right bundle branch block 184
Ringed sideroblast 484f
Rinne test 118
Romberg's test 391
Rome criteria
for IBS 248
Rossolimo's sign 388b
Rotation 445
Roth's spot 177
Rovsing's sign 266
Ruptured ectopic gestation 258b
Ruptured tubal pregnancy 321t
Russell-silver syndrome 48t
S
S1, first heat sound 183
S2, second heart sound 183
S3, third heart sound 183
Sacrum 440
Saddle embolism 200b
Salicylsulphonic acid test 534
Salivary glands 126
Salmonellosis 299b
Scalp 62
Scalp examination 64
Scaphoid abdomen 254
Schamroth's window test 146
Scheuermann's disease 442b
Schirmer's test 364
Schistosomiasis 39t
Schmidt's syndrome 46
Sciatic nerve roots compression 445
Scleritis 90
Scrofuloderma 220b
Scrotal hernia 317t
Scrotal swelling, differential diagnosis of 275
Scurvy 37b
Sebaceous glands 67
Seborrhoeic dermatitis 64
Seborrhoeic warts 250
Secondary sexual characters 513
Seehan's syndrome 8t
Semilunar valves 162
Sensory ataxia 44b
Sensory pathways 330
Sensory system, examination of 333
Sentinal pile 277
Septic embolisation 177
Serological test 530
Serratus anterior 381t
Serum lipids 286
Serum transferrin 58
Sex hormones 515b
SGOT 284
SGPT 284
Shallow breathing 218b
Shapiro's syndrome 60t
Shigellosis 299b
Short acth stimulation test 517
Shoulder examination 449
Sighing respiration 218b
Silicosis 217t
Simple diffuse goitre 522
Sinus rhythm 167
Sinus tachycardia 34t
Sinus tenderness, palpation for 123
Situs inversus 228
Skeletomuscular disorders, diagnostic tests in 465b
Skin lesion 76t
Skodaic resonance 229
Sneezing 122
Snellen's chart 91
Snout and sucking reflex 346
Somnolence 16t
Sore throat 124
Sour eructation 22
Spastic paralysis 373t
Spasticity 377b
Spermatic cord 316
Spherocytosis 472t
Spider angiomata 251
Spinal artery syndromes, features of 339
Spinal canal stenosis 442
Spinal cord and spinal artery syndromes 339
Spinal dermatomes 334
Spinal myotomes 334
Spinal nerves 62
Spine
common abnormalities related to 444b
examination 443
inspection 443
palpation 444
lumbar spine 445
extension 445
flexion 445
rotation 445
Spinomuscular dystrophy 397
Spinous process 440
Spirometry 239
Splenic disease 19
Splitting of sound 182
Spondylolisthesis 445
Sprengel's deformity 444t
Stapedius reflex 363
Status epilepticus 416
Stereognosis 402
Sternal angle 212
Sternoclavicular joint 449
Steroid-induced myopathy 45b
Stomach 267b
Strabismus 94
Stransky's sign 388b
Stress radionuclide scanning 196
Sturge-weber syndrome 78f
Subarachnoid space 326
Subclavian artery aneurysm 204
Subclavian pulsations 126
Subclavian steal syndrome 203
Subclavian vein occlusion 200b
Subhyloid haemorrhages 99
Submandibular duct 125
Submandibular glands 363
Subperichondrial haematoma 113b
Substantia nigra 325
Subthalamic nuclei 325
Sudomotor function 405
Superficial reflexes 330t
Superficial thrombophlebitis 206
Superior mesenteric artery thrombosis 258b
Superior sagittal sinus 339
Suppurative lung disease 54b
Suppurative pneumonia chronic 232t
Supraclavicular nodes 137t
Surgical scars 251b
Sweat glands 67
Synovial fluid examination 466
Syphilitic chancre 313t
T
T cells 67
Tabes mesenterica 268b
Tachypnoea, causes of 60b
Takayasu's syndrome 336t
Tamm-horsfall mucoproteins 304
Tandem walking 391
Tarsal tunnel syndrome 404b
Telogen effluvium 80t
Temperature intolerance 45
Temporal arteritis 199
Temporomandibular joints 113
Tendinitis 50b
Tendon jerks, abnormalities of 386
Tendon reflexes 378
Tendon sheath crepitus 438
Tendons 426
Tension pneumothorax 232t
Tensor tympani muscles 360
Terminal bronchioles 213
Testicular atrophy 25
Testosterone 515b
Tetanus 6
Thalamic haemorrhage 421f
Thalamic syndrome 338b
Thalamus 325
Thermoanaesthesia 332
Thin basement membrane (TBM) disease 297
Thirst 6b
Thomas' test 458
Thoracic arch aneurysm 200b
Thoracic outlet syndrome 200b
Throat swabs 532
Thrombotic disorders 479b
Thumb abduction test 455
Thyroglobulin 133
Thyroid axis 516
Thyromegaly 510
Thyrotoxic crisis 22t
Thyrotoxic heart disease 59b
TICS 40b
Tinea capitis 80t
Tinel's sign 455
Todd's paralysis 16t
Tonsillitis 131
Toxic optic atrophy 84b
Tracheal obstruction 222
Tracheal tug 219
Tracheitis 30t
Tracheobronchial tree 229
Transient hemiparesis 65
Transient ischaemic attacks, features of 337t
Transitory ischaemic attacks 16t
Trapezoid nuclei 367
Traube's area of resonance 228
Traumatic flail chest 221t
TRH stimulation test 503
Triceps 380t
Trichomonas spp. 533b
Trichomoniasis 299b
Trigeminal nerve lesion 361
Trophic ulcers 209t
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia 233
Trousseau's sign 397
Trunk, muscles of 381t
TSH deficiency 526t
TSH receptors-binding antibodies (TRABs) 520
Tubercular laryngitis 35t
Tuberculin test 239
Tuberous sclerosis 298
U
Ulnar deviation 144b
Umbilical hernia 268b
Umbilicus 251
Unconsciousness 415
Urea 310
Ureteric colic 8t
Ureteritis 20t
Ureters 295
Urethral caruncle 318
Uric acid stones 298
Urinary abnormalities, asymptomatic 297
Urinary tract obstruction 298
Urine colour, abnormalities of 303b
Urine culture 531
casts
granular 309
hyaline 309
microscopic examination 308
for culture 309
micro-organisms
S. mansoni 309
Schistosoma haematobium 309
Trichomonas vaginalis 309
mid-stream sample of 310b
sugar tests for 534
tests 282
Urobilinogenuria 307
Urochrome 303
Uroerythrin 303
Urticaria 68b
Uterine fibroids 320
V
Vaginal examination 317
Valvular stenosis 168b
Vascular bruits 273
Vascular occlusion 205
Vasopressin test 44
Vasospastic disorders 204
Vegetative state 419b
Venereal warts 313t
Venous disease, cardinal symptoms of 206b
Venous system, examination 206
Ventilation perfusion scan 243
Ventricular systole 174
Vertebral artery aneurysm 371
Vertebral foramine 440
Vertebrobasilar artery syndrome 338
Vestibule 121
Vestibulitis 122
Video-telemetry EEG 502
Vincent's infection 37b
Viral exanthems 8t
Viral hepatitis, serological test for 286
Virchow's gland 131
Virchow's node 128
Virilisation 82t
Viscera palpation 258
Visionfield 352
Visual acuity 91
Visual field 92
Visual field loss, clinical manifestations of 353t
Visual fixation 119
Visual function, testing of 91
Visual loss 84b
Visual pathways 352f
Vitreous body 83
Vitreous degeneration 84b
Vocal cord paralysis (recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis) 218
Vocal resonance 232
Volvulus 20t
Von Hippel-Lindau disease 301
W
Waist-hip ratio 55
Wallenberg syndrome 338t
Water deprivation test 517
WDHA syndrome 24t
Wegener's granulomatosis 342
Weight changes 53
Weight gain 45
Weight loss 56
Wernicke's area 347
Whispering pectoriloquy 232
White matter 325
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome 168t
Wrist 452
Wrist drop 144b
Wrist joint 454