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Dissection Manual, Living and Cross-sectional Anatomy
Sibani Mazumdar Ardhendu, Mazumdar
CHAPTER 1:
Introduction
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WINDOW DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION
POSITIONING OF BODY AND TERMINOLOGY OF BODY REGIONS
Positioning (Body Posture) (Figs 1.14A to E)
Anatomical Terms (Figs 1.15A to E)
REGIONAL TERMS FOR SPECIFIC BODY AREAS (FIG. 1.16)
CHAPTER 2:
The Upper Limb Subdivisions
CLAVIPECTORAL FASCIA (FIGS 2.1 to 2.5)
Incision (Fig. 2.4)
Steps of Dissection
Dermatomes of Superior Extremity
Applied Anatomy (Fig. 2.12)
AXILLA (FIGS 2.14 AND 2.15)
Position of Body During Dissection—Supine with Upper Limb at Right Angle with the Body
Incision (Fig. 2.16)
Dissection Procedure and Contents of Axilla
Muscles in this Region (Fig. 2.19)
Applied Anatomy (Clinical Anatomy)
CUBITAL FOSSA
Position of Body During Dissection
INCISION (FIG. 2.27)
Steps of Dissection
Applied
PALM
Position of Body
Incision (Fig. 2.32)
Steps of Dissection and Identification of Structures (Present on Medial Side)
Clinical Anatomy
Midpalmar Space and Thenar Space (Figs 2.40 and 2.41)
Infection of the Pulp Space of the Finger (Fig. 2.40)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (See Fig. 2.36)
FRONT OF ARM
Incision (Fig. 2.44)
Dissection Procedure and Contents of Arm (Fig. 2.45)
Bone of this Region—Humerus (Table 2.3 and Fig. 2.46)
Applied Anatomy
FRONT OF FOREARM (FIGS 2.48 AND 2.49)
Steps of Dissection and Contents
Incision
The branches of the ulnar artery are the following (in the front of forearm)
BONES OF FOREARM ARE RADIUS (ON LATERAL SIDE) AND ULNA (ON MEDIAL SIDE) (FIGS 2.53 TO 2.55)
Muscles of Forearm
Anterior Aspect
Clinical Anatomy
TRIANGULAR AND QUADRANGULAR SPACE (SCAPULAR REGION)
Clinical Anatomy
BACK OF UPPER LIMB
Posterior Compartment of Arm
Position of Body
Incision (Fig. 2.61)
Steps of Dissection and Identification of Structure (Fig. 2.62)
Applied or Clinical Anatomy
BACK OF FOREARM WITH DORSUM OF HAND (FIG. 2.68)
CONTENTS
Muscles (Fig. 2.69)
Position of the Body
Incision
Back of Forearm (Figs 2.68 to 2.70 and Table 2.6)
Dorsum of Hand
Steps of Dissection and Identification of Structures (Figs 2.71 and 2.72)
Bones of the Region
Applied Anatomy
SHOULDER JOINT (GLENOHUMERAL JOINT)
Bones Concerned
Important Ligaments
STEPS OF DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
Movements of the Joint
CLINICAL ANATOMY
VISCERA (UPPER LIMB) AND THORAX
Breast (Figs 2.90 and 2.91)
Introduction
Extension
Features
Arterial Supply
Nerve Supply
Lymphatic Drainage (Fig. 2.92)
Applied Anatomy
QUESTION FROM IDENTIFICATION AND WINDOW
Upper Limb
Clavipectoral Fascia
Axilla
Cubital Fossa and Front of Arm
Palm and Front of Forearm
Triangular and Quadrangular Space and Back of Arm
Dorsal Hand of Back of Forearm
CHAPTER 3:
The Lower Limb Subdivisions
INFERIOR EXTREMITY (FRONT)
Femoral Triangle
Position of Body
Steps of Dissection
Incisions (Fig. 3.2)
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy
NAME OF THE DISSECTION-ADDUCTOR CANAL AND FRONT OF THIGH
Position of the Body — Supine, with Thigh Slightly Abducted and Rotated Laterally
STEPS OF DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
Incisions (Fig. 3.13)
Clinical Anatomy
DISSECTION OF LEG (ANTEROLATERAL COMPARTMENT)
Position of Body
Incisions
Step of Dissection and Identification
BONES OF THIS REGION
Tibia and Fibula
MUSCLES OF THIS REGION (FIGS 3.17, 3.19 AND 3.24)
Muscles of Anterior Compartment of Leg
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy
NAME OF THE DISSECTION — DORSUM OF FOOT
Position of Body — Supine with Slight Plantar Flexion of Foot (Figs 3.26 and 3.27)
Incisions
STEPS OF DISSECTION AND STRUCTURES IDENTIFIED IN THIS REGION
BONES OF THIS REGION ARE ARTICULATED SKELETON OF FOOT (DORSAL ASPECT) (FIG. 3.30A)
Applied Anatomy
INFERIOR EXTREMITY (BACK) (FIGS 3.33 AND 3.34)
Name of the Dissection — Gluteal Region
Position of Body (Prone)
Incisions (Fig. 3.35A)
STEPS OF DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
BONES OF GLUTEAL REGION
Hip Bone, Sacrum, Coccyx and Femur
MAIN MUSCLES OF THE GLUTEAL REGION (FIGS 3.35B, 3.37 AND 3.38)
Applied Anatomy
POPLITEAL FOSSA (FIG. 3.40)
Position of Body — Prone with Extended Knee
Incisions (Fig. 3.43)
STEPS OF DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
Applied Anatomy
NAME OF DISSECTION — BACK OF THIGH
Position of the Body — Prone with Extended Thigh and Knee
STEPS OF DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
Incisions (Fig. 3.47)
Applied Anatomy
BACK OF LEG
Position of Body — Prone with Extended Knee
STEPS OF DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
Incisions (Fig. 3.54)
BONES OF THE BACK OF LEG ARE POSTERIOR SURFACE OF TIBIA AND FIBULA
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy
SOLE
STEPS OF DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
Incisions (Fig. 3.61)
BONES OF THIS REGION ARE ARTICULATED SKELETON OF FOOT (FIG. 3.63)
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy (Fig. 3.64)
HIP JOINT(FIGS 3.66 TO 3.68)
Applied Anatomy
KNEE JOINT (FIG. 3.76)
STEPS OF DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
Applied Anatomy
QUESTIONS ON FACED DURING WINDOW DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION
Lower Limb
Femoral Triangle
ADDUCTOR CANAL AND FRONT OF THIGH
ANTEROLATERAL CRURAL REGION
GLUTEAL REGION
BACK OF THIGH
POPLITEAL FOSSA
BACK OF LEG
SOLE
DORSUM OF FOOT
CHAPTER 4:
Abdomen
NAME OF THE DISSECTION—INGUINAL CANAL (FIGS 4.1 TO 4.4)
STEPS OF DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
Incisions (Fig. 4.2)
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy (Figs 4.5A to D)
RECTUS SHEATH
Position of Body—Supine with Thigh Extended
Contents of the sheath are:
Steps of Dissection and Identification of Structures (Fig. 4.7)
Formation of Rectus Sheath (Fig. 4.8)
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy
OPENING UP OF ABDOMINAL CAVITY
Position of Body—Supine 1st Day
STUDY OF PERITONEUM AND ITS CAVITY
Peritoneal Folds
Contents of the Mesentery
Peritoneal Compartments (Figs 4.14A and B)
PERITONEAL GUTTERS (FIG. 4.15)
Applied Anatomy
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy
4th Day
Superior Mesenteric Artery (Fig. 4.16)
5th Day
Celiac Trunk (Figs 4.17 and 4.18)
Portal Vein (Flow chart 4.1)
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy
6th Day
Inferior Mesenteric Artery (see Fig. 4.16)
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy
7th Day
Structures of Posterior Abdominal Wall
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy (Fig. 4.23)
Lumbar Plexus and its Branches
Branches Come Out from the Medial Border of Psoas Major
DISSECTION OF PELVIS
Internal Iliac Artery (Right and Left) and its Branches (Figs 4.27 and 4.28)
Applied Anatomy
Clinical Anatomy
Sacral Plexus and its Branches (Fig. 4.31)
PERINEUM (WINDOW DISSECTION)
Boundary (Fig. 4.34)
Urogenital Triangle (Fig. 4.35)
Applied Anatomy (Fig. 4.37)
Anal Triangle
Applied Anatomy (Fig. 4.41)
Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum (Figs 4.43 and 4.44)
LARGE INTESTINE
Important Features (Cardinal Features)
Genitourinary System (Figs 4.50 and 4.51)
Female Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
ABDOMEN
RECTUS SHEATH
PERITONEAL CAVITY
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
CELIAC TRUNK AND PORTAL VEIN
INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY AND ABDOMINAL AORTA
STRUCTURES OF POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERIES AND INTERIOR OF PELVIS
CHAPTER 5:
Thorax
INTERCOSTAL SPACE (FIGS 5.1A AND B)
Branches
DEEP MUSCLES OF THORAX (SEE FIGS 5.1B AND 5.3)
OPENING OF CAVITY OF THORAX
Pleural Cavities
Visceral Pleura
Nerve Supply
Recesses of Pleura (see Fig. 5.15B)
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy
Right Side of Thoracic Wall (Fig. 5.18)
Sympathetic Trunk (Figs 5.18 and 5.19)
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy
LEFT SIDE OF THORACIC WALL (FIG. 5.19)
MEDIASTINUM (SEE FIG. 5.16A)
PERICARDIAL CAVITY (FIGS 5.25A AND B)
LUNGS
Applied Anatomy
Important Notes
HEART
Introduction
HEART (FIGS 5.30A AND B)
Artery Supply of Heart (Coronary Circulation)(Fig. 5.32B)
Applied Anatomy (Heart and Pericardium)
The Diaphragm (Figs 5.33A and B)
THORAX
Intercostal Space and Internal Thoracic Artery
Thoracic Cavity (Right Side)
CHAPTER 6:
Head and Neck
NAME OF THE DISSECTION' FACE
Position of Body (Supine)
Identification (Fig. 6.1)
STEPS OF DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
Incisions (Fig. 6.2A)
Bones of this Region (Figs 6.3, 6.4, 6.6A and B) are: Frontal, Maxilla, Zygomatic, Nasal, Ethmoid, Mandible and Parietal
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy
Removal of Skull Cap and Study of Dural Venous Sinuses and Roots of Cranial Nerves
Dural Venous Sinuses (Fig. 6.8)
Study the Cranial Nerves (Figs 6.9 to 6.18) and Base of the Skull
NAME OF DISSECTION' ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
Position of Body (Supine with Neck Extended)
Identify the Following Structures in this Region
Muscles (Fig. 6.19)
Vessels (Fig. 6.20)
STEPS OF DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CONTENTS
Incisions (Fig. 6.21)
Find out the Floor
Muscles of this Region
Applied Anatomy
NAME OF DISSECTION' POSTERIOR TRIANGLE (FIG. 6.24)
Position of Body (Supine with Neck Turned Towards Opposite Side)
STEPS OF DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
Incisions (Fig. 6.25)
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy
Infratemporal Fossa
Muscles of this Region (Fig. 6.28)
STEPS OF DISSECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURES (FIGS 6.29 TO 6.31)
Muscles of Mastication
Applied (Clinical) Anatomy
Viscera of Head and Neck
Brain
White Matter of Cerebral Hemisphere
QUESTIONS FROM IDENTIFICATIONS AND WINDOW DISSECTION FROM HEAD, NECK AND FACE
ANTERIOR TRIANGLE OF NECK
POSTERIOR TRIANGLE OF NECK
THE CRANIAL CAVITY
INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA
CHAPTER 7:
Sectional Anatomy
THE IMPORTANCE OF SECTIONAL ANATOMY
HOW TO PRESERVE CADAVERS FOR SECTIONAL ANATOMY
Middle 1/3rd Section of Arm or Forearm Thigh or Leg Means We See the Section at the Region of Upper 1/3rd and Lower 2/3rd Part
Cross-section of Right Arm at the Level of Upper 1/3rd and Lower 2/3rd Junction (Figs 7.6A and B)
Cross-section of Right Arm at the Junction of Upper 2/3rd and Lower 1/3rd Level (Fig. 7.7)
Forearm Pronated (Superior View)—Left Upper 1/3rd (Fig. 7.8)
Forearm (Lower 1/3rd—Superior View) (Fig. 7.9)
Section at the Level of Wrist (Fig. 7.10)
Cross-section at the Level of Metacarpals (Figs 7.11A and B)
Cross-section at the Level of Upper 1/3rd and Lower 2/3rd of Thigh (Left Thigh) (Fig. 7.12)
Cross-section at the Junction of Upper 2/3rd and 1/3rd of Thigh (Fig. 7.13)
Cross-section of Left Leg at the Level of Upper 2/3rd and Lower 1/3rd Junction—As the Same Section is Turned Upside Down—So the Orientation of Tibia and Fibula has Changed (Fig. 7.14)
Cross-section of Left Leg at the Level of Upper 2/3rd and Lower 1/3rd Junction
Transeverse Section at the Level of (Section Turned Upside Down) Transpyloric Plane, Viewed from Above (Fig. 7.15)
Transverse Section of Abdomen at the Level of (Section Turned Upside Down) Transpyloric Plane and Viewed from Above (Fig. 7.16)
Section of Abdomen at the Level of L4 Vertebra (Fig. 7.17)
Cross-section at the Level of L5 Vertebra (Fig. 7.18)
Sagittal Section of Pelvis (Fig. 7.19)
Section Passes through Sternal Angle (Viewed from Above) (Fig. 7.20)
Section Passes Through Sternal Angle (Viewed from Above) (Fig. 7.21)
Section at a Lower Aspect (5 cm Below the T4 Level) (Fig. 7.22)
Section at a Lower Level of Thorax (5 cm Below the T4 Level) (Fig. 7.23)
Cross-section (Transverse Section) at the Level of T5 Where Lungs have been Removed (Fig. 7.24)
Sagittal Section of Head and Neck (Fig. 7.25)
Sagittal Section of Brain Showing the Medial Surface (Fig. 7.26)
Cross-section at the Level of Interventricular Foramen (Fig. 7.27)
Upper Part of Horizontal Section of Brain (Fig. 7.28)
Cross-section at the Level of Interventricular Foramen (Fig. 7.29)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF CROSS-SECTIONAL ANATOMY
Figure 1 or Slide No 1: Cross-section at the Junction of Upper One-third and Lower Two-third of Arm
Slide No 2: Cross-section at the Level of Upper 2/3rd and Lower 1/3rd of the Arm
Slide No 3: Left Upper 1/3rd of Forearm (Pronated) Other Structure Previously Written (3-6)
Slide No 4: Forearm Lower 1/3rd Superior View
Slide No 7: Cross-section at the level of upper 1/3rd and lower 2/3rd of the thigh
Slide No 8
ABDOMEN
Refer Slide No 10
Refer Slide No 14: Sagittal Section of Pelvis
Refer Slide No 16: Section at the level of Sterna Angle
Slide No 18
Slide No 20: Head and Neck
INDEX
TOC
Index
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