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Textbook of Dental Radiology Pramod John R

CHAPTER 1:History of Radiation
- INTRODUCTION
- KEY DEFINITIONS
- DISCOVERY OF X-RADIATION
- CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS IN THE EVOLUTION OF DENTAL RADIOLOGY
CHAPTER 2:Radiation Physics
- INTRODUCTION
- IONIZING RADIATION
  - Particulate Radiation
  - Electromagnetic Radiation
- X-RADIATION
  - Properties of X-rays
- X-RAY PRODUCTION
- X-RAY TUBE (FIG. 2-7)
- LINE FOCUS PRINCIPLE
- HEEL EFFECT
- ELECTRICITY/ELECTRIC CURRENT AND CIRCUITS
- TRANSFORMERS (FIG. 2-10)
- WORKING OF THE X-RAY TUBE
- TYPES OF RADIATION (FIG. 2-13)
  - Bremsstrahlung Radiation
  - Characteristic Radiation
- FACTORS CONTROLLING THE X-RAY BEAM
- QUALITY OF THE X-RAY BEAM
- QUANTITY OF THE X-RAY BEAM
- HALF-VALUE LAYER (FIG. 2-16)
CHAPTER 3:Radiation Biology, Hazards of Radiation and Radiation Protection
- INTRODUCTION
- DIRECT EFFECT
- INDIRECT EFFECT
- UNITS OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIATION
- HAZARDS OF RADIATION
- DOSIMETRY
- RADIATION PROTECTION
CHAPTER 4:Films Used in Dental Radiography
- INTRODUCTION
- FILM COMPOSITION
- INTRAORAL FILMS
- EXTRAORAL FILMS
- DUPLICATING FILMS
CHAPTER 5:Grids, Intensifying Screens and Cassettes
- GRIDS
- INTENSIFYING SCREENS
- CASSETTES
  - Types of Cassettes
CHAPTER 6:Processing of the X-ray Films
- INTRODUCTION
- LATENT IMAGE
- DEVELOPER
  - Composition
- DEVELOPER REPLENISHER
- FIXER
  - Composition
- FIXER REPLENISHER
- STEPS IN PROCESSING
- DARKROOM
- TYPES OF PROCESSING
  - Manual Processing
    - Visual Method
    - Time-temperature Method
  - Automatic Processing
CHAPTER 7:Dental X-ray Image Characteristics
- INTRODUCTION
- VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS
  - Density
  - Contrast
- GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS
- FACTORS INFLUENCING DIAGNOSTIC QUALITY OF A RADIOGRAPH
CHAPTER 8:Causes of Faulty Radiographs
- INTRODUCTION
- FAULTY RADIOGRAPHS RESULTING FROM FAULTY RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
- FAULTY RADIOGRAPHS RESULTING FROM FAULTY PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER 9:Intraoral Radiographic Techniques and Indications for Intraoral Radiographs
- INTRODUCTION
- PARALLELING TECHNIQUE (FIG. 9-1)
- BISECTING ANGLE TECHNIQUE (Fig. 9-2)
- INDICATIONS FOR INTRAORAL PERIAPICAL RADIOGRAPH
- INDICATIONS FOR BITEWING RADIOGRAPH
- OCCLUSAL PROJECTION
  - Maxillary Occlusal Projection (Fig. 9-3)
  - Mandibular Occlusal Projection (Fig. 9-6)
    - Indications of Occlusal Radiographs
CHAPTER 10:Normal Anatomic Landmarks
- INTRODUCTION
- ANATOMIC LANDMARKS COMMON TO THE MAXILLA AND THE MANDIBLE
- ANATOMIC LANDMARKS IN THE MAXILLA
- ANATOMIC LANDMARKS IN THE MANDIBLE
CHAPTER 11:Extraoral Radiography
- INTRODUCTION
- PURPOSE OF EXTRAORAL RADIOGRAPHS
- LATERAL JAW PROJECTION
  - Body of the Mandible Projection (Fig. 11-1)
  - Ramus of the Mandible Projection (Fig. 11-2)
- SKULL RADIOGRAPHY
- TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ) VIEWS
CHAPTER 12:Panoramic Radiography
- INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 13:Localization Technique
- INTRODUCTION
- RIGHT-ANGLE TECHNIQUE
- TUBE SHIFT PRINCIPLE
- DEFINITION AND EVALUATION
- PANTOMOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 14:Specialized Radiographs in Dental Radiology
- XERORADIOGRAPHY
  - Advantages of Xeroradiography
- SIALOGRAPHY
- CONVENTIONAL TOMOGRAPHY
- COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY
- MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
- ULTRASOUND TECHNIQUE
- NUCLEAR MEDICINE
- THERMOGRAPHY
- ARTHROGRAPHY
- RADIOVISIOGRAPHY
- DIGITAL PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 15:Radiographic Features of Dental Caries
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL EXAMINATION
- RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
- CLASSIFICATION OF CARIOUS LESIONS BASED ON RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE
- RADIOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DENTAL CARIES
CHAPTER 16:Radiographic Features of Periodontal Disease
- INTRODUCTION
- USE OF RADIOGRAPHS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE
- LIMITATIONS OF RADIOGRAPHS
- RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE
- EARLY PERIODONTITIS
- MODERATE PERIODONTITIS
  - (i) Horizontal Bone Loss
  - (ii) Osseous Defects
- ADVANCED PERIODONTITIS
  - Defects in Furcation Area
  - Alveolar Dehiscence
- JUVENILE PERIODONTITIS
CHAPTER 17:Radiographic Features of Traumatic Injuries: Fracture of the Teeth and Jaws
- INTRODUCTION
- TRAUMATIC INJURIES INVOLVING THE TEETH
- TRAUMATIC INJURIES INVOLVING THE JAWS
CHAPTER 18:Inflammation and Infections of the Jaws
- INTRODUCTION
- INFECTIONS OF THE SUPPORTING TISSUES OF THE TEETH
- PERICORONITIS AND PERICORONAL INFECTION
- PERIAPICAL AND RESIDUAL INFECTIONS
- OSTEOMYELITIS
- ACTINOMYCOSIS
- CELLULITIS
- LUDWIG'S ANGINA
CHAPTER 19:Cysts of the Jaws
- INTRODUCTION
- ODONTOGENIC CYSTS
- NONODONTOGENIC CYSTS
CHAPTER 20:Odontogenic Tumors
- INTRODUCTION
  - Epithelial Odontogenic Tumors
  - Mesodermal Odontogenic Tumors
- EPITHELIAL ODONTOGENIC TUMORS WITHOUT INDUCTIVE CHANGES
  - Ameloblastoma
  - Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor
- EPITHELIAL ODONTOGENIC TUMORS WITH INDUCTIVE CHANGES (MIXED ODONTOGENIC TUMORS)
- MESODERMAL ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
CHAPTER 21:Benign and Malignant Nonodontogenic Tumors of the Jaws
- INTRODUCTION
- BENIGN TUMORS
- MALIGNANT TUMORS
CHAPTER 22:Fibro-Osseous Lesions
- INTRODUCTION
- FIBROUS DYSPLASIA
- OSSIFYING FIBROMA
- PERIAPICAL CEMENTAL DYSPLASIA
- LOCALIZED FIBRO-OSSEOUS-CEMENTAL LESIONS
- FLORID CEMENTO-OSSEOUS DYSPLASIA
- CEMENTOBLASTOMA
- JUVENILE AGGRESSIVE OSSIFYING/CEMENTIFYING FIBROMA
- CHERUBISM
- PAGET'S DISEASE (OSTEITIS DEFORMANS)
CHAPTER 23:Radiographic Features of Systemic Diseases
- DISORDERS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
- METABOLIC DISORDERS
- DISORDERS OF THE BLOOD AND HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM
  - Sickle Cell Anemia
  - Thalassemia
- BONE DISEASE OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN
  - Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Fragilitas ossium)
- REACTIVE LESIONS
  - Central Giant Cell Granuloma
- HEREDITARY DISEASES
  - Osteopetrosis (Albers-Schönberg disease or Marble bone disease)
CHAPTER 24:Pathologic Soft Tissue Calcification
- INTRODUCTION
- LYMPH NODES
- SIALOLITH
- ANTROLITH
- CALCIFIED STYLOHYOID LIGAMENT
- OSTEOMA
- CALCIFIED BLOOD VESSEL
- MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS
- CYSTICERCOSIS
- DYSTROPHIC CALCIFICATION
CHAPTER 25:Radiographic Features of Diseases of the Maxillary Sinus
- INTRODUCTION
- INFLAMMATORY CHANGES
- CYSTIC CONDITIONS
- TRAUMATIC CONDITIONS
- TUMORS
CHAPTER 26:Radiographic Features of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
- ENLARGEMENT OF CORONOID PROCESS
- ANKYLOSIS
- DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE
- RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- TMJ OSTEOMA
- NEOPLASMS
CHAPTER 27:Infection Control in Dental Radiography
- INTRODUCTION
- PROTECTIVE ATTIRE AND BARRIER TECHNIQUES
- HANDWASHING AND CARE OF HANDS
- STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION OF INSTRUMENTS
CHAPTER 28:Radiographic Differential Diagnosis
- RADIOLUCENCIES WITH DEFINITE BORDERS (FIG. 28-1)
- ANATOMIC RADIOLUCENCIES
- RADIOLUCENCIES OTHER THAN THE ANATOMIC RADIOLUCENCIES
- MULTILOCULAR RADIOLUCENCIES (FIG. 28-2)
- RADIOLUCENCIES WITH ILL-DEFINED BORDERS (FIG. 28-3)
- GENERALIZED RAREFACTIONS
- PERICORONAL RADIOLUCENCIES
- LOCALIZED RADIOPACITIES (FIG. 28-5)
- PERIAPICAL RADIOPACITIES (FIG. 28-6)
- GENERALIZED RADIOPACITIES (FIG. 28-7)
Further Reading

INDEX

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Chapter Notes