A Comprehensive Textbook of Obstetrics & Gynecology Sadhana Gupta
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1A Comprehensive Textbook of OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY2
3A Comprehensive Textbook of OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Sadhana Gupta MBBS (Gold Medalist) MS (Gold Medalist) FICOG FICMU FICMCH Senior Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist Ultrasound, Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Specialist Jeevan Jyoti Hospital and Medical Research Center Visiting Consultant Lalit Narayan Mishra North East Railway Hospital Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
4Published by
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
Corporate Office
4838/24 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002, India
Phone: +91-11-43574357, Fax: +91-11-43574314
Offices in India
Overseas Offices
A Comprehensive Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology
© 2011, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author and the publisher.
First Edition: 2011
9789350251126
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Ajanta Offset
5Dedicated to
Alma-Mater Teachers & All the Teaching Moments
6
7PREFACE
I present A Comprehensive Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology before readers with profound sense of gratitude and great satisfaction in my heart and mind.
For me, experience of writing this book emerged as communicating with all pioneers and stalwarts in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, present and past whose hard work and keen observation has contributed in progress of this subject.
This book is unique in its conception that it covers the two interrelated branches—obstetrics, i.e. science of childbirth and gynecology, i.e. science of female genital system in a single book. This will certainly help students and readers in grasping the subject as a whole. Certain topics like basic science, abortions, ectopic pregnancy, GTT, and contraception are common to both and readers will have a clear orientation by not repeating the same topic in different ways.
In section of Basic Sciences in Obstetrics and Gynecology, recent views and developments in the field with its clinical implication are included and readers will find this section challenging and interesting. The subject of General Gynecology, Obstetrics and Normal & Abnormal Labor has been explained with meticulous details as well as with simplified and rational approach.
I have tried hard to make this book comprehensive, easy to understand and give clear messages to readers in all chapters. I have carefully avoided repetition of text and tables to make subject interesting, simple and palatable for the readers and not confusing and heavy. The multiple choice questions (MCQs) have been included at the end of chapters considering the changing scenario and priorities of today's undergraduate students. In present times getting through the pre-postgraduate entrance examination is one of the prime concerns of the students. Right from the beginning while preparing for MBBS examination, if they read the subject while keeping an eye on possible MCQs, they will have definite edge in examination.
The field of obstetrics and gynecology is widening fast and there are many emerging subspecialties like endocrinology, reproductive biology, including assisted reproductive techniques, perinatal and fetal medicine, imaging and so on.
In this book all subspecialties are covered in a simple and easy-to-understand manner so that readers will have clear and updated knowledge of these subjects.
Great care has been taken in selection and quality of figures, photographs and illustrations at appropriate places which will keep the interest of readers and they will have visual memory of various clinical situations.
The language in the book has been kept simple and interesting which effectively communicates with the readers.
Almost two and a half years have been spent in writing the text of this book, editing and re-editing, selecting and preparing photographs and illustrations for this book. I acknowledge everybody who was part of this experience. It was a great learning experience and every moment was enjoyed thoroughly.
In the end I cannot resist remembering and quoting the words of my favorite writer and pioneer in obstetrics and gynecology Professor Ian Donald who asks to himself— “What motivates someone to write the textbook” and he answers “Perhaps to learn something about the subject”. In these years I have understood the actual worth and meaning of his saying.
A teacher is a teacher while he/she remains a student and a doctor is said to be primarily a teacher and these things go hand-in-hand in medical profession. We hope that each one of us always remains a humble student of medicine and true teacher for our patients.
The book is being presented before readers keeping in mind that knowledge is always weightless, enjoyable, simple, and for upliftment and well being of all.
I also earnestly invite suggestions and comments from the readers about any aspect of the book to my email dr_sadhanag@yahoo.com.
I wish all readers a happy, thorough and enjoyable reading and also wish them success and achievement in their career and life.
Sadhana Gupta
8
9ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I present this book with great humility and first of all thank God for chosing me to write A Comprehensive Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
I acknowledge my teachers and seniors at my Alma-Mater institute SN Medical College, Agra from whom I learned basic skills of obstetrics and gynecology and who inculcated the habit of hard work and uncompromising approach in profession.
I acknowledge M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India who not only incepted the idea of writing a combined textbook of obstetrics and gynecology but also gave me the responsibility of writing it. I also thank them for decent and esthetic formatting of the book.
It is conventional to acknowledge the family members, and I first of all acknowledge my parents who have shared my long studying hours since childhood and have been always with me in difficult times. I acknowledge my younger sister for being present in hours of needs and brother for his care and unconditional affection.
I acknowledge Shubhankur and Anindya who happen to be my sons. Interaction with Shubhankur every night about MCQs and medical education system has indirectly helped me a lot in understanding difficulty of today's medical graduates, who are supposed to answer pinpointed ways in controversies and difficult situations.
I affectionately acknowledge Anindya my younger son whose liveliness, humor and company has instilled life in time of crisis. Besides this, because of him, while writing this book I always kept in mind those students who have less time for study but their aims are high.
I acknowledge Dr PP Gupta for, perhaps, finally recognizing me as an unconventional person.
I acknowledge my hospital team especially Dr KM Singh, Chief Anesthetist for bearing with me throughout, for being always late and even then helping in taking photographs in operation theater. I lovingly acknowledge Dr Rashmi, my junior resident who has helped me a lot in hospital work and being always cheerful. I also thank Dr Achla Sinha, and Dr Pallavi, my resident doctors for their support in hospital work.
I heartily acknowledge all the patients who have patiently waited for long hours, while I spent morning hours in preparation of the book. I owe them all the skills, knowledge and every good thing in the life.
I acknowledge Mr Santosh for his dedication and hard work in preparing the illustrations for this book.
I also acknowledge my music teacher Ms Indu who has unfolded the soothing and serene world of Indian classical music to me in these two and a half years.
Lastly I acknowledge Mr Shyam who has become integral part of all my academic ventures, I thank him not only for all the dedication and concentrated work but also for being always encouraging and helping in all ways. And above all for being patient and perfectionist.
Only God destines our associations and our work. Finally, at every moment I thank and remember him for all these associations. Lastly, I pray God for his love, blessings and to make me worthy and more worthy for his work.