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SRB’s Surgical Operations: Text & Atlas Sriram Bhat M

CHAPTER 1:Introduction and Principles in Operative Surgery
- ▪ POSITION OF THE SURGEON
- ▪ HISTORY OF SURGERY
- ▪ ETHICS IN SURGERY
  - Medical Ethics
  - Consent
CHAPTER 2: Preoperative Preparation, Operation Room, Postoperative Care
- ▪ PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT
- ▪ OPERATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
  - Premedication
- ▪ OPERATION THEATRE
- ▪ OPERATION THEATRE ROOM
- ▪ POSTOPERATIVE CARE
- ▪ SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 3:Basic Principles of Incision, Dissection, Suturing and Haemostasis
- ▪ PRINCIPLES OF INCISION
- ▪ DISSECTION
- ▪ SUTURING TECHNIQUE
  - Different Types of Suturing
- ▪ KNOT TYING TECHNIQUE
  - Principles
  - Different Knot Tying Techniques
- ▪ SUTURE REMOVAL
- ▪ HAEMOSTASIS
CHAPTER 4: Day Care Surgery, Ambulatory Surgery, Outpatient Surgery
- ▪ DEFINITION
- ▪ INTRODUCTION
- ▪ TECHNIQUE
  - Care Once at Home
  - Present Trend for Day Care Surgery
CHAPTER 5:Instruments
- ▪ CHEATLE'S FORCEPS
- ▪ SPONGE HOLDING FORCEPS (RAMPLEY'S)
- ▪ MAYO'S TOWEL CLIP
- ▪ BACKHAUS’ TOWEL CLIP
- ▪ MOYNIHAN'S TETRA TOWEL CLIP/FORCEPS
- ▪ DOYEN'S TOWEL CLIP
- ▪ ARTERY FORCEPS (HAEMOSTAT)
  - Types (Figs 5-8 and 5-9)
- ▪ NEGUS ARTERY FORCEPS
- ▪ RIGHT ANGLE FORCEPS–MEIGSTER'S/LAHEY'S
- ▪ WELL'S ARTERIAL CLAMP
- ▪ BULLDOG CLAMP
- ▪ SATINSKY VASCULAR CLAMP
- ▪ DE BAKEY'S VASCULAR CLAMP
- ▪ PEDICLE CLAMPS
- ▪ KOCHER'S FORCEPS
- ▪ ALLIS’ TISSUE HOLDING FORCEPS
- ▪ BABCOCK'S FORCEPS
- ▪ LANE'S TISSUE HOLDING FORCEPS
- ▪ MORRANT-BAKER'S APPENDIX HOLDING FORCEPS
- ▪ MOYNIHAN'S TISSUE FORCEPS
- ▪ KOCHER'S GLAND HOLDING FORCEPS
- ▪ YOUNG'S GLAND FORCEPS
- ▪ DISSECTING FORCEPS
  - Plain Non-toothed Dissecting Forceps
  - Toothed-dissecting Forceps
- ▪ KOCHER'S THYROID DISSECTOR
- ▪ SINUS FORCEPS (LISTER'S)
- ▪ RUSSIAN FORCEPS
- ▪ SINGLE HOOK RETRACTOR
- ▪ VOLKMANN'S RETRACTOR/CAT'S PAW
- ▪ FISCH NERVE HOOK
- ▪ SKIN HOOK
- ▪ LANGENBECK'S RETRACTOR
- ▪ CZERNY'S RETRACTOR (HERNIA RETRACTOR)
- ▪ RIGHT ANGLE RETRACTOR
- ▪ MORRIS’ RETRACTOR
- ▪ ‘C’ SHAPED RETRACTOR—ROUX
- ▪ ‘S’ SHAPED RETRACTOR
- ▪ DEAVER'S RETRACTOR
- ▪ KEYLAND'S RETRACTOR
- ▪ DOYEN'S RETRACTOR
- ▪ BALFOUR'S SELF-RETAINING RETRACTOR
- ▪ MILLIN'S SELF-RETAINING RETRACTOR
- ▪ JOLL'S THYROID RETRACTOR
- ▪ KOCHER'S THYROID RETRACTOR
- ▪ MOLLISON'S MASTOID RETRACTOR
- ▪ BLADDER NECK RETRACTOR
- ▪ CHEEK RETRACTOR
- ▪ SCAPULA RETRACTOR
- ▪ KIDNEY HILUM RETRACTOR
- ▪ MORRIS KIDNEY RETRACTOR
- ▪ ALLISON'S LUNG RETRACTOR
- ▪ RIB RETRACTOR (TUFFIER'S)
- ▪ DOYEN'S RIB RASPATORY
- ▪ FARABEUF'S RASPATORY
- ▪ RIB SHEAR
- ▪ RIB APPROXIMATOR
- ▪ DUVAL'S LUNG HOLDING FORCEPS
- ▪ FRIEDRICH'S LUNG HOLDING FORCEPS
- ▪ BICKFORD'S BRONCHIAL CLAMP
- ▪ SURGICAL NEEDLES
  - Types (Figs 5-69 to 5-71)
- ▪ NEEDLE HOLDER
- ▪ BARD-PARKER'S HANDLE (BP HANDLE)
- ▪ SURGICAL BLADES
  - Different Ways of Placing Incisions
- ▪ TENOTOMY KNIFE
- ▪ ANEURYSM NEEDLE
- ▪ SCISSORS
- ▪ CRUSHING CLAMPS
- ▪ DESJARDIN'S CHOLEDOCHOLITHOTOMY FORCEPS
- ▪ BAKES DILATOR
- ▪ CHEATLE'S GALLSTONE SCOOP WITH OR WITHOUT HOOK
- ▪ CHOLECYSTECTOMY FORCEPS
  - Types (Fig. 5-97)
- ▪ GALLSTONE PROBE
- ▪ MAYO-ROBSON'S CHOLECYSTOENTEROSTOMY CLAMP
- ▪ KEHR'S ‘T’ TUBE
- ▪ SUCTION INSTRUMENTS
- ▪ TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE
  - Types (Figs 5-105 to 5-108)
- ▪ TRACHEAL DILATOR (TROUSSEAU'S)
- ▪ TRACHEAL HOOK
- ▪ CRICOID HOOK
- ▪ ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE
  - Types
  - Complications of Endotracheal Tube
- ▪ DIRECT LARYNGOSCOPE
- ▪ MAGILL'S FORCEPS
  - Types (Figs 5-116 and 5-117)
    - Advantages of Tube Drains
- ▪ INTERCOSTAL DRAINAGE TUBE
- ▪ PAUL'S DRAINAGE TUBE
  - Types
  - Types of Catheterisation
- ▪ FOLEY'S CATHETER (FREDRICK EUGENE BASIL FOLEY-AMERICAN UROLOGIST)
  - Procedure
- ▪ MALECOT'S CATHETER
  - Suprapubic Cystostomy (SPC)
- ▪ SIMPLE RED RUBBER CATHETER
- ▪ DEPEZZER'S CATHETER
- ▪ CATHETER INTRODUCER
- ▪ GIBBON'S CATHETER
- ▪ TIEMANN CATHETER (FIG. 5.130A)
- ▪ METAL CATHETERS
  - Two Types
- ▪ URETERIC CATHETER
- ▪ LISTER'S URETHRAL DILATOR
- ▪ CLUTTON'S DILATOR
- ▪ FILIFORM BOUGIES
- ▪ BLADDER SOUND
- ▪ THOMPSON-WALKER'S SUPRAPUBIC CYSTOLITHOTOMY FORCEPS
- ▪ BOOMERANG NEEDLE
- ▪ NASOGASTRIC TUBE/RYLE'S TUBE
  - Indications
- ▪ INFANT FEEDING TUBE
- ▪ FLATUS TUBE
- ▪ HERNIA BISTOURY
- ▪ COLLINGWOOD STEWART'S RING SHAPED BLADE HERNIA FORCEPS
- ▪ POLYPROPYLENE MESH
- ▪ TROCAR AND CANNULA
- ▪ HERNIA DIRECTOR
- ▪ PROCTOSCOPE (KELLY'S)
  - Indications
  - Types
  - Parts
  - Positions for Proctoscopy
- ▪ SAINT MARK'S ANAL DILATOR
- ▪ FISTULA BISTOURY
- ▪ BRODIE'S FISTULA DIRECTOR
- ▪ PILE HOLDING FORCEPS
- ▪ YEOMAN'S PUNCH BIOPSY FORCEPS
- ▪ MOYNIHAN'S GLASS TUBE
- ▪ DUPUYTREN'S ENTEROTOME
- ▪ SPIGOT
- ▪ HUDSON BRACE WITH PERFORATOR AND BURR
- ▪ SUTURE MATERIALS
  - Features of Ideal Suture Material
  - Types of Suturing (Fig. 5-158)
  - Types of Knots (Fig. 5-159)
- ▪ MITCHEL'S CLIP DEVICE
- ▪ SYRINGES
  - Types
    - Asepto Syringe/Dakin's Syringe
    - Toomy Syringe
- ▪ DOYEN'S MOUTH GAG
- ▪ JENING'S MOUTH GAG
- ▪ TONGUE DEPRESSOR
- ▪ AIRWAY
- ▪ HUMBY'S KNIFE
- ▪ MYER'S VEIN STRIPPER
- ▪ BONE CUTTING FORCEPS
- ▪ BONE ELEVATOR/BONE LEVER
- ▪ BONE NIBBLER
- ▪ SEQUESTRECTOMY FORCEPS/SEQUESTRUM HOLDING FORCEPS
- ▪ FERGUSSON'S BONE HOLDING FORCEPS/LION FORCEPS
- ▪ CHISEL
- ▪ OSTEOTOME
- ▪ MALLET
- ▪ GIGLI'S SAW
- ▪ KIDNEY TRAY
- ▪ GALLIE CUP
- ▪ MAYO'S TABLE
- ▪ VOLKMANN'S SCOOP
- ▪ FINE LENGTHY STRAIGHT AND BAYONET FORCEPS
- ▪ CYSTOSCOPE
- ▪ AMBU BAG
- ▪ LAPAROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS
CHAPTER 6:Energy Sources in Surgery
- ▪ ELECTROCAUTERY
  - Types of Electrocautery
    - Monopolar Cautery
    - Bipolar Cautery
  - Problems with Cautery
- ▪ LASERS IN SURGERY
- ▪ ARGON BEAM COAGULATOR
- ▪ LOW AND HIGH FREQUENCY SOUND WAVE ENERGY
  - Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
  - Harmonic Scalpel
- ▪ CAVITRON ULTRASONIC SURGICAL ASPIRATOR (CUSA)
- ▪ LIGASURE
- ▪ RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION
- ▪ CRYOTHERAPY
- ▪ MICROWAVE ABLATION
- ▪ RADIOSURGERY
- ▪ PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
CHAPTER 7: Basic Surgical Procedures
- ▪ URINARY CATHETERISATION
  - Procedure
  - Complications of Catheterisation
  - Causes for Inability to Pass the Catheter
- ▪ INSERTION OF A NASOGASTRIC TUBE
  - Indications
    - For Gastric Function Tests
    - For Feeding Purpose
  - Procedure
  - Problems with Ryle's Tube
- ▪ ABSCESS DRAINAGE
  - Abscess is Drained by Hilton's Method
  - Parotid Abscess
  - Breast Abscess
  - Axillary Abscess
  - Ischiorectal Abscess
  - Ludwig's Angina
  - Cold Abscess
- ▪ TRACHEOSTOMY
  - Types
  - Tracheostomy Tubes
  - Indications for Tracheostomy
  - Technique of Tracheostomy
    - Note
  - Tracheostomy Care
  - Complications of Tracheostomy
- ▪ CIRCUMCISION
  - Procedure
    - Plastic Cap—Hollister Bell Cap Technique
- ▪ DORSAL SLIT OF PREPUCE
  - Indications
- ▪ EXCISION OF THE SWELLING
  - Incision
  - Procedure
    - Note:
- ▪ LYMPH NODE BIOPSY
  - Indications
  - Site of Node Selection for Biopsy
  - Procedure
  - Complications and Difficulties
- ▪ LIVER BIOPSY
  - Prerequisites
  - Indications
  - Contraindications
  - Procedure
  - Post-Procedure Observation
  - Causes of Failure in Liver Biopsy
- ▪ KIDNEY BIOPSY
- ▪ BONE MARROW ASPIRATION
- ▪ LUMBAR PUNCTURE
  - Indications
  - Contraindications
  - Procedure
  - Findings
- ▪ PLEURAL TAP (THORACOCENTESIS)
  - Indications
  - Position
  - Site
- ▪ PERICARDIAL TAP (PERICARDIOCENTESIS)
  - Indications
  - Procedure
- ▪ PERITONEAL TAP (ASCITIC TAP)
  - Indications
  - Site
  - Procedure
  - Complications and Difficulties
- ▪ INTERCOSTAL TUBE DRAINAGE (ICT DRAINAGE)
  - Indications
  - Procedure
  - Complications and Problems
- ▪ BRONCHOSCOPY
  - Indications
  - Types
- ▪ VASECTOMY
  - Indications
  - Types
- ▪ VASO-VASOSTOMY (RECANALISATION PROCEDURE)
  - Indications
  - Technique
- ▪ STAPLERS IN SURGERY
  - Types
  - Advantages
  - Disadvantages
  - Principle
    - Linear Devices
    - Circular Stapling Device
  - Prerequisites for Stapling
- ▪ GRAFT
  - Skin Grafting
  - Types
  - Donor Area
  - Recipient Area
  - Graft Application
  - Stages of Graft Intake
  - Full Thickness Graft (Wolfe Graft)
- ▪ FLAPS
  - Indications
  - Types
    - Anatomical Types Depending on the Types of Tissue in the Flap
    - Areas where Commonly Flaps are Used
  - Advantages of Flaps
  - Disadvantages of Flaps
    - Delaying of the Flap/Conditioning the Flap
  - Different Flaps
  - Free Flaps
- ▪ EAR LOBE REPAIR
- ▪ TOE NAIL EXCISION
- ▪ DERMABRASION
- ▪ VENEPUNCTURE
- ▪ VENESECTION
- ▪ INTRAOSSEOUS FLUID THERAPY
- ▪ SUBCUTANEOUS INFUSIONS AS FLUID THERAPY
- ▪ LOCAL/REGIONAL ANAESTHESIA
  - Topical Anaesthesia
  - Infiltration Block
  - Field Block
  - Nerve Block
  - Other Blocks
  - Intravenous Regional Anaesthesia (Bier's Block)
  - Spinal Anaesthesia
  - Epidural Anaesthesia
  - Caudal Anaesthesia
CHAPTER 8:Principles of Surgical Management in Trauma
- ▪ ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY OF THE INJURY
- ▪ PREHOSPITAL TRAUMA CARE
- ▪ TERTIARY HOSPITAL CARE
- ▪ ASSESSMENT OF THE WOUND
  - First Aid Management of the Wound
- ▪ WOUND EXCISION AND MANAGEMENT
- ▪ PRINCIPLES IN USAGE OF ANTIBIOTICS
- ▪ MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN BODY
- ▪ TRIAGE
  - Types of Triage System
- ▪ CONCEPTS IN TRAUMA MANAGEMENT
- ▪ DAMAGE CONTROL SURGERY
- ▪ NECK INJURIES
  - Treatment
- ▪ THORACIC TRAUMA
- ▪ ABDOMINAL TRAUMA
  - Management Concepts in Abdominal Trauma
- ▪ AORTIC CLAMPING
- ▪ LIVER INJURY
  - Management
- ▪ SPLENIC INJURY
  - Types of Splenic Injury
  - Presentations
  - Investigations
  - Treatment
  - Complications of Splenic Injury
- ▪ PANCREATIC INJURY
- ▪ DUODENAL INJURIES
  - Procedure
  - Small Bowel Injury
- ▪ LARGE BOWEL INJURY
- ▪ RECTAL INJURIES
  - Treatment
- ▪ RENAL INJURIES
  - Types
  - Clinical Features
  - Investigations
  - Treatment
    - Surgery
- ▪ ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
- ▪ URETHRAL INJURY
  - Rupture of Membranous Urethra (Posterior Urethra)
  - Features
    - In Floating Prostate
    - In Incomplete Rupture
  - Complications
  - Rupture of Bulbous Urethra (Anterior Urethra)
  - Clinical Features: Triad
    - Treatment
- ▪ RUPTURE BLADDER
  - Causes
  - Types
    - Intraperitoneal Rupture
    - Extraperitoneal Rupture of the Bladder
- ▪ SEAT BELT INJURIES
CHAPTER 9:Treatment in Infections Principles of Surgical
- ▪ PRINCIPLES
- ▪ DRAINAGE OF AN ABSCESS
CHAPTER 10:Amputations
- ▪ INDICATIONS
- ▪ IDEAL STUMP
  - Postoperative Period
- ▪ COMPLICATIONS OF AMPUTATIONS
- ▪ PRINCIPLES IN AMPUTATION
- ▪ DIFFERENT AMPUTATIONS (FIGS 10-6 AND 10-7)
- ▪ UPPER LIMB AMPUTATIONS
- ▪ HAND AMPUTATIONS
- ▪ REHABILITATION
CHAPTER 11:Surgeries in Arterial Diseases
- ▪ PRINCIPLES IN VASCULAR SURGERY
- ▪ DIFFERENT METHODS OF ARTERIAL SUTURING
- ▪ ENDARTERECTOMY
  - Procedure
  - Postoperative Management
  - Problems and Complications
  - Semiclosed Endarterectomy (Fig. 11-17)
  - Wiley's Eversion Endarterectomy (Fig. 11-18)
- ▪ CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY
  - Indications
  - Evaluation
  - Procedure
  - Risk and Problems
  - Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy
- ▪ AORTOILIAC THROMBOENDARTERECTOMY
  - Procedure
  - Postoperative Care
  - Complications
- ▪ ARTERIAL SUBSTITUTES
  - Classification of Arterial Substitutes
  - Arterial Allograft
  - Arterial Autografts
  - Arterial Xenograft
  - Venous Autograft
  - Venous Allograft
  - Prosthetic Grafts
    - Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Graft (ePTFE)
  - Complications of Graft
  - Basic Principles in Arterial Graft Surgery
- ▪ AORTOFEMORAL BYPASS GRAFT
  - Complications
- ▪ OTHER GRAFT PROCEDURES
- ▪ AORTOILIAC BYPASS GRAFT
- ▪ ILEOFEMORAL GRAFT
- ▪ FEMOROPOPLITEAL BYPASS GRAFT
  - Procedure
- ▪ SAPHENOUS VEIN GRAFT
  - In Situ Saphenous Vein Graft
  - Free Reversed Saphenous Vein Graft
  - Postoperative Care and Follow-up
  - Complications
- ▪ AXILLOFEMORAL GRAFT
  - Prerequisites
  - Surgical Anatomy of Axillary Artery
  - Indications and Advantages
- ▪ FEMOROFEMORAL CROSSOVER GRAFT
  - Advantages
  - Disadvantages
- ▪ DISTAL ARTERIAL BYPASS
  - Anterior Tibial Artery Exposure
  - Posterior Tibial Artery Exposure
  - Peroneal Artery Exposure
  - Dorsalis Pedis Artery Exposure
- ▪ ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM
  - Indications for Surgery
    - Preoperative Preparation
  - Surgical Procedure
  - Postoperative Care
  - Complications
    - Immediate Complications
    - Later Complications
  - Ruptured Aortic Aneurysm
  - Aorto-Vena Caval Fistula
- ▪ ENDOVASCULAR ANEURYSM REPAIR (EVAR)
  - Technique
  - Problems and Complications
- ▪ COMPLICATIONS OF REVASCULARISATION IN ACUTELY ISCHAEMIC LIMB
  - Reperfusion Injury
- ▪ ACUTE ISCHAEMIA
  - Acute Limb Ischaemia
- ▪ THORACOABDOMINAL ANEURYSM
- ▪ RENAL REVASCULARISATION
- ▪ EXPOSURE OF CAROTID ARTERY
  - Anatomy
  - Exposure (Fig. 11-74)
- ▪ EXPOSURE OF VERTEBRAL ARTERY
  - Anatomy
  - Exposure
- ▪ EXPOSURE OF SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
  - Anatomy
  - Exposure
- ▪ EXPOSURE OF AXILLARY ARTERY
  - Surface Marking of Axillary Artery
    - Exposure
- ▪ EXPOSURE OF BRACHIAL ARTERY
  - Anatomy
    - Exposure (Fig. 11-83)
- ▪ EXPOSURE OF RADIAL AND ULNAR ARTERIES
  - Anatomy
- ▪ EXPOSURE OF ASCENDING AORTA AND ARCH OF THE AORTA
  - Anatomy
  - Exposure (Fig. 11-85)
- ▪ EXPOSURE OF DESCENDING THORACIC AORTA
  - Anatomy
  - Exposure
- ▪ EXPOSURE OF ABDOMINAL AORTA AND BRANCHES
  - Anatomy
  - Exposure
- ▪ EXPOSURE OF ILIAC ARTERIES
  - Anatomy
  - Exposure
- ▪ EXPOSURE OF FEMORAL ARTERY AND BRANCHES
  - Anatomy
  - Exposure (Fig. 11-93)
- ▪ ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA FOR HAEMODIALYSIS (HAEMODIALYSIS ACCESS)
  - Anatomy
  - Principle
  - Radiocephalic AV Fistula (Cimino – Brescia)
    - Procedure
  - Brachiocephalic AV Fistula (Fig. 11-102)
  - Brachiobasilic AV Fistula (Fig. 11-103)
  - PTFE Graft AV Fistula in Forearm for Haemodialysis Access (Fig. 11-104)
  - PTFE Graft in Upper Arm Prosthetic AV Fistula Access (Fig. 11-105)
  - Graft Revision after Graft Block
- ▪ PERITONEAL DIALYSIS ACCESS
  - Open Method
- ▪ OMENTOPLASTY
  - Indications
    - Surgical Anatomy
  - Procedure
  - Complications
CHAPTER 12: Surgery in Venous Diseases
- ▪ VENOUS DOPPLER
- ▪ DUPLEX SCAN
  - Air plethysmography
  - Venography/Phlebography
  - Levels of Investigations
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY OF LOWER LIMB VEINS (FIG. 12-6)
  - Superficial Venous System
- ▪ DIFFERENT TYPES OF PERFORATORS
- ▪ PHYSIOLOGY OF VENOUS BLOOD FLOW IN LOWER LIMB
- ▪ VENOUS PATHOLOGY
- ▪ MANAGEMENT OF VARICOSE VEIN DISEASE
  - Contraindications for Surgery
- ▪ TRENDELENBURG OPERATION (SAPHENO-FEMORAL CROSSECTOMY) AND/OR STRIPPING
  - Procedure
    - Two Types of Stripping Techniques
    - Problems with SFJ Ligation and/or Stripping
  - Oesch Pin Stripping
  - Groin Reoperation for Recurrent Disease
- ▪ LIGATION OF SAPHENOPOPLITEAL JUNCTION AND STRIPPING OF SSV
- ▪ SUBFASCIAL LIGATION
  - Subfascial Ligation of Cockett and Dodd
  - Subfascial Ligation of all Perforators by Linton's Vertical Approach (1938)
  - Stab Avulsion of the Perforator (Multiple Phlebectomies)
  - Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery (SEPS)
- ▪ AMBULATORY SELECTIVE VARICES ABLATION (ASVA/ASVAL) (ABLATION SÉLECTIVE DES VARICES SOUS ANÉSTHESIE LOCALE)
- ▪ ENDOVENOUS THERMAL ABLATION
- ▪ RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION (RFA) METHOD (VNUS CLOSURE METHOD) (VNUS Medical Technologies Inc; Sunnyvale, CA, USA—By Goldman 2000)
- ▪ ENDO VENOUS LASER ABLATION/TREATMENT (EVLA/EVLT)
- ▪ HEAT ABLATION FOR CLOSURE OF INCOMPETENT PERFORATOR VEIN (ICPV)
- ▪ TRIVEX METHOD
- ▪ OTHER METHODS
- ▪ INJECTION SCLEROTHERAPY FOR VARICOSE VEINS (FEGAN'S)
  - Transillumination Microsclerotherapy (vein – lite)
  - Catheter Directed Sclerotherapy
- ▪ MANAGEMENT OF VENOUS ULCER
- ▪ COMPRESSION THERAPY FOR VARICOSE VEINS
  - Compression Bandages
- ▪ SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS AND VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM (VTE)
  - Palma Operation
  - May – Husni Operation
  - Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
    - Incidences in DVT
  - Post-Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS)
  - IVC Filters
CHAPTER 13:Surgeries of Nerves, Muscles and Tendons
- ▪ MUSCLE REPAIR
- ▪ MUSCLE DEBRIDEMENT (MUSCLE EXCISION)
- ▪ COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
  - Fasciotomy in the Calf
- ▪ TENDON REPAIR
- ▪ TENDON RELEASE
- ▪ TENDON TRANSFER
- ▪ TENDON GRAFT
- ▪ TENDON LENGTHENING
- ▪ NERVE REPAIRS
  - Different Nerve Injuries
  - Classification of Nerve Injuries
    - Seddon's Classification
    - Sunderland's Classification
- ▪ TINEL'S SIGN
- ▪ MANAGEMENT OF NERVE ENTRAPMENT/COMPRESSION (NERVE RELEASE)
- ▪ LUMBAR SYMPATHECTOMY
- ▪ CERVICOTHORACIC SYMPATHECTOMY
CHAPTER 14:Surgeries of Face, Head and Neck
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY OF NECK
- ▪ BASIC PRINCIPLES IN HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
- ▪ HEAD AND NECK TRAUMA
  - Management of Head and Neck Trauma
- ▪ RETROPHARYNGEAL ABSCESS
  - Surgical Anatomy
- ▪ PARAPHARYNGEAL ABSCESS
- ▪ TREATMENT OF LUDWIG'S ANGINA
- ▪ TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOUS LYMPHADENITIS AND COLD ABSCESS IN THE NECK
- ▪ EXCISION OF THE BRANCHIAL CYST AND FISTULA
  - Branchial Cyst
  - Branchial Fistula
- ▪ PHARYNGEAL POUCH
  - Procedure
  - Problems and Complications
- ▪ SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CYSTIC HYGROMA
- ▪ TONGUE TIE
- ▪ SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL RIB (THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME/TOS)
  - Surgical Anatomy
  - Evaluation
  - Conservative Treatment
  - Surgery
  - Approaches
- ▪ CAROTID BODY TUMOUR
  - Surgical Treatment
- ▪ BIOPSY IN HEAD AND NECK DISEASES
- ▪ CERVICAL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY
  - Indications
  - Principles
  - Procedure
- ▪ RADICAL NECK DISSECTION (RND)
  - Principles
  - Indications
  - Contraindications for Radical Neck Dissection
  - Levels in Neck Nodes
  - Preparation
  - Anaesthesia
  - Position of the Patient
  - Incision
  - Technique
  - Carotid Blow Out
  - Bilateral Neck Dissection
- ▪ SURGERY OF HEAD, FACE AND JAW
  - Principles in Face Injuries
- ▪ SURGERY OF THE EYELIDS/ORBIT/EYEBALL
- ▪ SURGERY OF THE EAR
- ▪ CLEFT LIP AND CLEFT PALATE
  - Problems in Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
  - Treatment for Cleft Lip
  - Treatment for Cleft Palate
- ▪ SURGERIES OF THE ORAL CAVITY
  - Principles
  - Transoral Approach
  - Transfacial - Patterson Operation (Fig. 14-61)
  - Transfacial Lip Split Incision Approach (Fig. 14-62)
  - Hemimandibulectomy
    - Surgical Anatomy of Mandible (Fig. 14-64)
  - Procedure
  - Complications of Surgeries
  - Approach to Floor of the Mouth
  - Approach to Tongue Cancers
    - Surgical Anatomy
  - Principles and Types of Tongue Cancer Surgery
  - Approach to Hard Palate Cancers
    - Surgical Anatomy
  - Maxillectomy
    - Surgical Anatomy
  - Procedure (Fig. 14-84)
  - Maxillectomy Procedure – Types
- ▪ SURGERY FOR LIP LESIONS
  - Surgical Anatomy of Lip
  - Defect Less Than One-third of the Lip
    - Primary Closure
  - Defects between One-third to Two-third of the Lip
  - Defect More than Two-third of Lip
  - Different Procedures
  - Upper Lip Reconstruction
  - Lower Lip Reconstruction
  - Vermilion Reconstruction
  - Commissure Reconstruction
CHAPTER 15:Surgery for Thyroid and Parathyroid
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THYROID (THYROID – ‘SHIELD LIKE’)
- ▪ EXCISION OF THYROGLOSSAL CYST
  - Technique (Sistrunk Operation) (Fig. 15-14)
- ▪ THYROIDECTOMY
- ▪ COMPLICATIONS OF THYROIDECTOMY
- ▪ PARATHYROID SURGERY
- ▪ PARATHYROID CARCINOMA
CHAPTER 16:Surgeries for Breast Diseases
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY OF BREAST
- ▪ OPEN BIOPSY OF BREAST LESION
- ▪ EXCISION OF BENIGN BREAST LUMP
  - Subcutaneous Mastectomy
- ▪ DRAINAGE OF A BREAST ABSCESS
  - Surgical Treatment of Mammary Fistula
- ▪ MICRODOCHECTOMY
- ▪ MAJOR DUCT EXCISION (ADAIR–HADFIELD OPERATION)
- ▪ SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY/DISSECTION (SLNB/SLND)
  - Axillary Sampling
- ▪ BREAST CONSERVATIVE SURGERY (BCS)
  - Principles and Technique of Conservative Breast Surgery
  - QUART Therapy
- ▪ AXILLARY DISSECTION
- ▪ SKIN SPARING MASTECTOMY (SSM)
- ▪ INDICATIONS FOR TOTAL MASTECTOMY/MODIFIED RADICAL MASTECTOMY IN BREAST CANCER
- ▪ MODIFIED RADICAL MASTECTOMY (MRM)
- ▪ DIFFERENT MASTECTOMIES
- ▪ RECONSTRUCTION OF THE BREAST
CHAPTER 17:Surgeries of Salivary Glands
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY OF PAROTID (PARA – AROUND; OTIC – EAR) GLAND
- ▪ FACIAL NERVE
- ▪ PAROTIDECTOMY
  - Indications
  - Types of Parotidectomy
- ▪ TECHNIQUE OF PAROTIDECTOMY
- ▪ COMPLICATIONS OF PAROTIDECTOMY
- ▪ DRAINAGE OF PAROTID ABSCESS
- ▪ SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLAND
- ▪ MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS
- ▪ ECTOPIC SALIVARY GLAND
CHAPTER 18:Basic Principles in Laparotomy and Laparoscopy
- ▪ GENERAL PRINCIPLES IN LAPAROTOMY
  - Proper Bowel Preparation
  - Proper Planning
  - Position of the Patient
  - Other Needs and Principles
  - Cleaning and Draping
  - Incision
  - Surgical Anatomy of Abdominal Wall
  - Muscles of the Posterior Abdominal Wall
  - Fascia Transversalis (Cooper's Fascia)
  - Endoabdominal Fascia
  - Deep Nerves of the Abdominal Wall
  - Blood Supply of Abdominal Wall
- ▪ ABDOMINAL INCISIONS
  - Principles in Abdominal Incision
  - Exploratory Laparotomy
  - Complications of Abdominal Incision
    - Abdominal Incisions may be –
    - Different Abdominal Incisions (Figs 18-12 to 18-14)
- ▪ MIDLINE INCISION
  - Upper Midline Incision
  - Lower Midline Incision
  - Midline Incision Closure
- ▪ PARAMEDIAN INCISION
  - Modifications of Paramedian Incision
  - Closure of Paramedian Incision
    - Advantages
    - Disadvantages
- ▪ TRANSVERSE INCISIONS
  - Upper Transverse Abdominal Incision
    - Advantages
    - Disadvantages
  - Lower Transverse Abdominal Incisions
- ▪ OBLIQUE INCISIONS
  - Kocher's Subcostal Incision (Emil Theodor Kocher)
  - Left Subcostal Incision
  - Chevron Incision (Rooftop Incision)
  - Mercedes Benz Incision
  - Oblique Iliac Incision (Abbernethy's/Modified Gibson's)
- ▪ LOIN INCISIONS
  - Closure of the Loin Wound Approach
  - Lumbotomy Incision (Gil-Vernet)
- ▪ PRINCIPLES IN CLOSURE OF THE ABDOMINAL INCISION WOUND
  - In Layer by Layer Closures
  - Single Layer
  - Modified Smead–Jones Sutures
  - L. E. Hughes Double Near and Far Suture
  - Retention Sutures
- ▪ ABDOMINAL RETRACTORS
  - Self-retaining or Manual Retractors
    - Precautions
- ▪ DRAINS IN LAPAROTOMY
  - Passive Drains
  - Penrose Drain
  - Active (Negative Pressure) Drains
  - Negative Pressure Wound Therapy
  - Low Pressure Vacuum Drain
    - Jackson-Pratt Drain
  - High Negative Pressure Vacuum Drains
  - Drain Insertion
  - Complications of the Drain
  - Removal of Drains
- ▪ BASIC LAPAROSCOPY
  - History of Laparoscopic Surgery
  - Advantages of Laparoscopic Surgery
- ▪ LAPAROSCOPIC SET
  - Laparoscopy Camera and Telescope
    - Camera Head
    - Telescope/Laparoscope
  - Light Source and Cable
  - Carbon Dioxide Insufflator
  - Monitors
  - Hand Instruments
  - Veress Needle
  - Trocars
  - Working Instruments
  - Physiologic Changes due to Pneumoperitoneum
- ▪ ACCESS TO THE PERITONEAL CAVITY
  - Other Approaches to Access Peritoneal Cavity
    - Approach Using Visiport
    - Left Palmer Point Approach
- ▪ COMPLICATIONS IN LAPAROSCOPY
  - Complications of Access
  - Physiologic Complications of Pneumoperitoneum
    - Physiologic Complications of Laparoscopic Surgery
- ▪ DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY
  - Preparation
  - Procedure
- ▪ LAPAROSCOPIC ULTRASOUND
- ▪ 3 D LAPAROSCOPY
- ▪ SINGLE INCISION LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY
  - Advantages
  - Disadvantages
- ▪ GASLESS LAPAROSCOPY (LAPAROLIFT)
  - Advantages
  - Disadvantages
- ▪ HAEMOSTASIS IN LAPAROSCOPIC AND OPEN PROCEDURES
  - Mechanical Devices
  - Energy Sources
    - Diathermy (Electrosurgery)
    - Problems and Complications of Cautery
  - Ultrasonic Dissector
  - Ligasure (Valleylab)
- ▪ LAPAROSCOPIC TISSUE APPROXIMATION
- ▪ LAPAROSCOPIC PORT SITE CLOSURE
- ▪ STERILISATION/DISINFECTION OF LAPAROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS
  - Splauding Classification of Objects and Level of Sterilisation
- ▪ DISINFECTION
  - High Level Disinfection (HLD)
  - Intermediate Level Disinfection
  - Low Level Disinfection
  - Technique of Achieving Sterilisation/Disinfection
  - Alcohols
  - Problems of Chemical Disinfection
  - Disinfection of Endoscopic Instruments
  - Storage of Laparoscopic Instruments
- ▪ STERILISATION
  - Steam Sterilisation
  - Ethylene Oxide Sterilisation (EO/ETO)
  - Gas Plasma Sterilisation
CHAPTER 19:Surgery of Oesophagus
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY
- ▪ SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR ACHALASIA CARDIA
- ▪ SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR REFLUX OESOPHAGITIS (FIG. 19-20)
- ▪ TRANSHIATAL OESOPHGECTOMY (ORRINGER AND ORRINGER, 1983)
- ▪ IVOR LEWIS OPERATION (LEWIS-TANNER)
- ▪ LEFT THORACOABDOMINAL APPROACH OESOPHAGOGASTRECTOMY (CHURCHILL AND SWEET, 1942)
  - Technique
  - Postoperative Care
- ▪ MCKEOWN THREE PHASE OESOPHAGECTOMY WITH LYMPHADENECTOMY (1972)
  - Postoperative Care
- ▪ EN BLOC RESECTION OF OESOPHAGUS (SKINNER, 1983)
- ▪ THREE FIELD LYMPHADENECTOMY FOR OESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA
  - Problems
- ▪ MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY FOR CARCINOMA OF OESOPHAGUS (VIDEO ASSISTED APPROACHES)
- ▪ COMPLICATIONS AFTER OESOPHAGEAL RESECTION
- ▪ OESOPHAGEAL SUBSTITUTES
- ▪ CRICOPHARYNGEAL MYOTOMY WITH PHARYNGEAL DIVERTICULECTOMY (REFER ALSO CHAPTER 14 - SURGERY OF FACE, HEAD AND NECK)
- ▪ MANAGEMENT OF OESOPHAGEAL PERFORATION
- ▪ INTUBATION SURGERIES FOR ADVANCED CARCINOMA OF OESOPHAGUS
CHAPTER 20:Surgery of Stomach and Duodenum
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY OF STOMACH AND DUODENUM
- ▪ SURGERY FOR DUODENAL ULCER PERFORATION
- ▪ GASTROSTOMY
- ▪ GASTROJEJUNOSTOMY
- ▪ VAGOTOMY
- ▪ PYLOROPLASTY
- ▪ GASTRECTOMY
- ▪ TOTAL GASTRECTOMY
  - Indications
  - Technique
- ▪ COMPLICATIONS OF GASTRIC SURGERIES
- ▪ RAMSTEDT'S PYLOROMYOTOMY FOR CONGENITAL HYPERTROPHIED PYLORIC STENOSIS
- ▪ DUODENUM
  - Surgical Significance
- ▪ SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY SYNDROME (WILKIE'S/VASCULAR COMPRESSION OF THE DUODENUM)
- ▪ DUODENAL ATRESIA
CHAPTER 21: Surgeries of Small Bowel and Appendix
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY
  - Nerve Supply
- ▪ SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM
  - Presentations in Meckel's Diverticulum
  - Treatment
- ▪ SMALL BOWEL RESECTION
  - Principles in Bowel Surgery
  - Technique
  - Problems and Complications
- ▪ ENTEROLYSIS/ADHESIOLYSIS
  - Causes
  - Types
  - Obstruction due to Bands
  - Features
  - Treatment
    - Initial Treatment
    - Later Treatment
  - Surgical Treatment for Adhesions—Enterolysis
  - Prevention of Adhesions
- ▪ STRICTUROPLASTY
  - Types
  - Problems and Complications
- ▪ JEJUNOSTOMY
  - Types
- ▪ SMALL BOWEL PERFORATION
- ▪ INTESTINAL BYPASS PROCEDURE
- ▪ ILEOSTOMY
  - Principles in Ileostomy
  - Types (Fig. 21-56)
  - End Ileostomy
  - Loop Ileostomy
  - Complications of Ileostomy
- ▪ CLOSURE OF ILEOSTOMY
  - Post-operative Care
  - Complications
- ▪ SEROSAL PATCH TECHNIQUE
  - Procedure
  - Problems
- ▪ SMALL INTESTINE ATRESIA (INTESTINAL ATRESIA)
  - Treatment
- ▪ MALROTATION
  - Stages of Normal Rotation of Midgut
  - Different Errors of Rotation
  - Treatment
- ▪ MECONIUM ILEUS
  - Treatment
    - Nonoperative Measures
    - Operative Measures
- ▪ SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME (SHORT GUT SYNDROME)
  - Causes
  - Adaptive Changes in the Retained Small Bowel
  - Factors Deciding the Outcome in Short Gut Syndrome
  - Outcome of Short Bowel Syndrome
- ▪ MASSIVE BOWEL RESECTION
  - Treatment
    - Early Phase
    - Late Phase
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY OF APPENDIX
  - Different Positions are
- ▪ APPENDICECTOMY
  - Indications
  - Contraindications for Appendicectomy
  - Investigations
  - Preparation
  - Types of Appendicectomy
- ▪ OPEN APPENDICECTOMY
  - Incision
  - Procedure
    - Invagination or Burial of the Appendix Stump
- ▪ COMPLICATIONS AFTER APPENDICECTOMY
- ▪ FAECAL FISTULA AFTER APPENDICECTOMY
  - Causes
  - Features
  - Investigations
  - Treatment
- ▪ TROUBLES IN APPENDICECTOMY
- ▪ SMALL INCISION OPEN APPENDICECTOMY
  - Procedure
- ▪ LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDICECTOMY
  - History
  - Principles and Indications
  - Advantages of Laparoscopic Appendicectomy
  - Disadvantages of Laparoscopic Appendicectomy
  - Contraindications
  - Position of the Patient and Operating Room Setting
  - Procedure
  - Complications
- ▪ LAPAROSCOPY ASSISTED APPENDICECTOMY
- ▪ APPENDICULAR ABSCESS
  - Features
  - Treatment
CHAPTER 22:Surgeries of Liver and Biliary System
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY
  - Blood Supply
- ▪ LIVER RESECTION
  - Indications
  - Trauma
  - Vascular control
    - Pringle Manoeuvre
    - Total Vascular Exclusion (TVE)
  - Parenchymal Transection
  - Preservation of Hepatic Ducts
  - Incisions used for Liver Resection
  - Right Hepatectomy
  - Anterior Approach Hepatectomy(Right or Left)
  - Belghiti et al. Liver Hanging Manoeuvre
  - Left Hepatectomy
  - Postoperative Complications
  - Postoperative care
  - Extended Hemihepatectomy
- ▪ LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
  - Introduction
  - Contraindications for Liver Transplantation
  - Donor Criteria
  - Back—Table Preparation of Liver Graft—Donor Operation
  - Recipient Operation
    - Details of the Technique
  - Recipient Hepatectomy
  - Anhepatic Phase and Implantation of the Donor Liver
  - Post-revascularisation Phase
  - Reduced Size and Split Liver Transplantation
  - Segmental/Lobar/Split/Living Donor Liver Transplantation
  - Auxiliary/Heterotopic/Ectopic Liver Transplantation
  - Post-operative Management
  - Complications and Problems of Liver Transplantation
  - Survival
- ▪ SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR PORTAL HYPERTENSION
  - Liver Transplant (Orthotopic)
  - Shunt surgery
    - Indications
    - Non-selective Shunt Surgeries
  - Portacaval Shunt with Arterialisation
  - Selective Shunts
  - Splenectomy
  - Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stenting/Shunt (TIPSS)
    - Problems with TIPSS
  - Mesoatrial Shunt
  - Porta-azygos Disconnection/Devascularising Procedures
- ▪ SURGERIES FOR HYDATID CYST
  - Classifications
  - Drugs
  - Puncture–Aspiration–Injection–Reaspiration (PAIR)–Percutaneously Done (1980)
    - Technique of PAIR
- ▪ SURGERY
  - Conservative Surgical Approach
  - Radical Surgical Procedures for Hydatid Liver Disease
  - Pericystectomy for Hydatid Liver Cyst
  - Complications of Surgery
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY
  - Gallbladder
  - Bile
  - Congenital Anomalies of Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Biliary Tree
- ▪ PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION AND ASSESSMENT
- ▪ ASSESSMENT
  - Clinical Assessment
  - Biochemical and Blood Tests
  - Imaging
    - Laparoscopy
  - Risk Factors in Obstructive Jaundice
- ▪ PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION
- ▪ CHOLECYSTECTOMY
  - Indications
  - Approaches
- ▪ TECHNIQUE OF OPEN CHOLECYSTECTOMY
  - Two Methods Used for Cholecystectomy
    - Calot's First (Conventional; Below Upward) Method
    - Fundus First Method (Above Downward)
  - Postoperative Care
  - Precautions
  - Complications
  - Minilaparotomy Cholecystectomy
  - Partial Cholecystectomy
- ▪ CHOLECYSTOSTOMY
  - Indications
  - Technique
  - Problems
- ▪ LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
  - Indications
  - Contraindications
  - Technique
  - Difficult Gallbladder
  - Trouble Shooting
    - Complications of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
- ▪ SINGLE INCISION LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY (SILS) IN CHOLECYSTECTOMY (FIG. 22-107)
  - Advantages
  - Disadvantages
  - Complications
- ▪ COMMON BILE DUCT EXPLORATION
  - Technique
  - Postoperative Care
  - Problems and Complications
- ▪ CHOLEDOCHODUODENOSTOMY
  - Indications
  - Prerequisite
  - Technique (Fig. 22-117)
  - Problems
- ▪ TRANSDUODENAL SPHINCTEROPLASTY
  - Technique (Fig. 22-119)
  - Complications
- ▪ CHOLEDOCHOJEJUNOSTOMY/BILIARY ENTERIC ANASTOMOSIS/HEPATICOJEJUNOSTOMY
  - Indications
  - Technique
- ▪ RADICAL/EXTENDED CHOLECYSTECTOMY
- ▪ TREATMENT OF BILE DUCT CARCINOMA/CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
  - Klatskin Tumour
- ▪ BILE DUCT INJURIES
  - Causes
  - Presentations
  - Problems
  - Investigations
  - Management
- ▪ CHOLECYSTOJEJUNOSTOMY
- ▪ TREATMENT OF CHOLEDOCHAL CYST
  - Treatment
  - Complications of Surgery
- ▪ BILIARY ATRESIA—TREATMENT
  - Classification
  - Biliary Atresia
  - Treatment
CHAPTER 23:Surgeries of Pancreas and Spleen
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY
- ▪ GENERAL PRINCIPLES IN PANCREATIC SURGERIES
- ▪ SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
- ▪ SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR PSEUDOCYST OF PANCREAS
- ▪ PANCREATICODUODENECTOMY (WHIPPLE'S OPERATION/PARTIAL PANCREATICODUODENECTOMY)
- ▪ TOTAL PANCREATECTOMY (TOTAL PANCREATICODUODENECTOMY)
- ▪ DISTAL PANCREATECTOMY
- ▪ RADICAL ANTEGRADE MODULAR PANCREATOSPLENECTOMY (RAMPS)
- ▪ CHOLCECYSTOJEJUNOSTOMY
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY
- ▪ SPLENUNCULI (30%) (FIG. 23-76)
- ▪ PRINCIPLES IN SPLEEN SURGERY
- ▪ SPLENECTOMY
  - Elective Splenectomy
    - Anterior Approach
    - Posterior Approach
  - Postoperative Care
- ▪ MANAGEMENT OF SPLENIC TRAUMA
  - Non-operative Management
  - Surgical Intervention
- ▪ LAPAROSCOPIC SPLENECTOMY
  - Preoperative Preparation
  - Approaches
- ▪ COMPLICATIONS OF SPLENECTOMY
  - Overwhelming Post-splenectomy Infection (OPSI)
  - Prevention
- ▪ MESH SPLENOPEXY
CHAPTER 24:Colonic Surgeries
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY
  - Blood Supply
    - Arterial Supply
    - Venous Drainage
- ▪ LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
- ▪ NERVE SUPPLY
- ▪ PRINCIPLES IN COLONIC SURGERY
- ▪ CAECOPEXY
- ▪ CAECOSTOMY
- ▪ COLOSTOMY
- ▪ CLOSURE OF COLOSTOMY
  - Complications of Colostomy Closure
- ▪ TREATMENT FOR DIVERTICULAR DISEASE OF SIGMOID/COLON
  - Medical Treatment
  - Indications for Surgery
- ▪ TREATMENT FOR ULCERATIVE COLITIS
- ▪ TREATMENT CONCEPT IN CARCINOMA COLON
  - Mainly Surgical
    - Right Sided Early Growth
    - Left Sided Early Growth
- ▪ RESECTION OF THE COLON
  - Principles
    - Epidural with General Anaesthesia is Commonly Used
- ▪ RIGHT COLECTOMY
- ▪ LEFT COLECTOMY
- ▪ LAPAROSCOPIC COLECTOMY
- ▪ LOCALLY ADVANCED TUMOUR (INOPERABLE)
- ▪ SURGICAL MANAGEMENT IN LARGE BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
  - Treatment of Sigmoid Volvulus
- ▪ TREATMENT FOR HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE
  - Complications of Surgeries
CHAPTER 25:Anorectal Surgeries
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY
- ▪ ANAL CANAL
- ▪ PRINCIPLES IN ANORECTAL SURGERIES
- ▪ TREATMENT PLAN FOR CARCINOMA RECTUM
  - Surgical Principles
  - Different Surgeries for Carcinoma Rectum
- ▪ ANTERIOR RESECTION/ABDOMINAL RADICAL RESTORATIVE OPERATION/ANTERIOR PROCTOSIGMOIDECTOMY (OPEN METHOD)
  - Technique
  - Post-operative Care
    - Complications
- ▪ ABDOMINOPERINEAL RESECTION (APR)
- ▪ LAPAROSCOPIC ABDOMINOPERINEAL RESECTION
- ▪ LAPAROSCOPIC LOW ANTERIOR RESECTION (LAR)
- ▪ TOTAL PROCTOCOLECTOMY WITH ILEOANAL POUCH
  - Posto-perative Care
  - Complications
- ▪ TREATMENT FOR RECTAL PROLAPSE
- ▪ TREATMENT OF PILONIDAL SINUS
- ▪ TREATMENT OF HAEMORRHOIDS
  - Laser Therapy for Piles
  - Post-procedure Complications
- ▪ TREATMENT OF ANAL FISSURE
  - General Measures for Anal Fissure
    - In an Acute Case
    - For Chronic Fissure (Fig. 25-66)
- ▪ ANORECTAL ABSCESS
- ▪ FISTULA-IN-ANO
CHAPTER 26:Retroperitoneal Surgeries
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY
- ▪ APPROACHES FOR RETROPERITONEUM
- ▪ RETROPERITONEAL LYMPH NODE DISSSECTION (RPLND)
CHAPTER 27:Urologic Surgeries
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY OF KIDNEY
  - Relations of Kidney
  - Capsules of Kidney
  - Structure of Kidney
    - Gross
    - Histology
  - Blood Supply
  - Lymphatics
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE URETER
  - Abdominal Part of Ureter
    - Right Side
    - Left Side
  - Pelvic Part of Ureter
    - Initial Part
    - Later Part
  - Arterial Supply
  - Nerve Supply of Ureter
- ▪ ANATOMY OF URINARY BLADDER
  - Structure of the Bladder
  - Sphincters
- ▪ ANATOMY OF PROSTATE
  - Lobes
  - Capsules
  - McNeal Divided Prostate into Three Zones
  - Blood Supply
- ▪ ANATOMY OF URETHRA
  - Male Urethra
  - Female Urethra
- ▪ APPROACHES TO KIDNEY
  - Loin Incision (Posterior Approach; Morris Incision, Sir Henry Morris London)
  - Anterior Approaches
- ▪ DISSECTION OF THE KIDNEY
  - Right Sided Kidney Dissection
  - Left Side Kidney Dissection
- ▪ APPROACHES TO URETER
  - Oblique Iliac Incision (Abbernethy's/Modified Gibson's)
- ▪ TREATMENT OF RENAL TUBERCULOSIS
  - Surgeries
- ▪ TREATMENT FOR HYDRONEPHROSIS
  - Anderson-Hyne's Operation (Dismembered Pyeloplasty)
- ▪ TREATMENT OF PYONEPHROSIS
- ▪ TREATMENT OF RENAL STONES
  - PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy)
  - ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy) (Fig. 27-29)
    - Surgeries (Fig. 27-30)
- ▪ REMOVAL OF URETERIC STONE
  - Surgical Intervention for Ureteric Stones
  - Open Ureterolithotomy
- ▪ TREATMENT OF STAGHORN CALCULUS
- ▪ TREATMENT OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
  - Complications
    - Intraoperative
    - Postoperative
- ▪ TREATMENT OF POLYCYSTIC DISEASE OF KIDNEY
- ▪ TREATMENT OF SOLITARY RENAL CYST
- ▪ TREATMENT OF BLADDER STONE (FIG. 25-47)
- ▪ TREATMENT OF BLADDER TUMOURS
  - Noninvasive Tumour
  - Invasive Bladder Tumour
  - Surgery
  - Prognosis
- ▪ RADICAL CYSTECTOMY
  - Technique
  - Creation of Pouch
- ▪ URETEROSIGMOIDOSTOMY (Henri Chaput, 1894, French Surgeon)
- ▪ URINARY DIVERSION
  - Temporary Diversions
  - Permanent Diversions
    - External Diversions
    - Internal Diversions
  - Types of Urinary Diversions
  - Complications of Diversions
- ▪ URETERIC REIMPLANTATION
- ▪ MANAGEMENT OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (BPH)
  - Indications for Surgery
  - Surgeries
  - Specific Problems after Surgical Intervention of Prostate
- ▪ PROSTATIC ABSCESS
- ▪ RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY
  - Technique
- ▪ TREATMENT OF STRICTURE URETHRA (FIG. 27-60)
  - Intermittent Dilatation
  - Visual Internal Cystoscopic Urethrotomy or Stricturotomy
  - External Urethrotomy
  - Urethroplasty
- ▪ TREATMENT OF HYPOSPADIAS
  - Staged Procedure (Fig. 25-63)
- ▪ TREATMENT OF POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVE
  - Treatment
- ▪ TREATMENT URETHRAL STONES
CHAPTER 28:Obesity and Morbid Obesity
- ▪ OBESITY AND MORBID OBESITY
- ▪ DIFFERENT SURGERIES
CHAPTER 29:Adrenal Gland Surgeries
- ▪ ADRENAL GLAND SURGERIES
  - Surgical Anatomy of Adrenal Glands
- ▪ ADRENALECTOMY
  - Indications for Adrenalectomy
  - Approaches for Adrenalectomy
    - Laparoscopic Approach
    - Open Approach
- ▪ TECHNIQUE OF OPEN ADRENALECTOMY
- ▪ LAPAROSCOPIC ADRENALECTOMY
CHAPTER 30:Surgeries in Hernia
- ▪ NEWER CLASSIFICATIONS OF GROIN HERNIA
  - Gilbert Classification
- ▪ INDIRECT (OBLIQUE) INGUINAL HERNIA (FIG. 30-18)
- ▪ SURGERIES FOR INGUINAL HERNIA
- ▪ STRANGULATED INGUINAL HERNIA
- ▪ INGUINAL HERNIA IN FEMALES
- ▪ VENTRAL HERNIA
- ▪ UMBILICAL HERNIA REPAIR
  - Anatomy of Umbilical Region
- ▪ EPIGASTRIC HERNIA (FATTY HERNIA OF LINEA ALBA)
  - Treatment
- ▪ FEMORAL HERNIA REPAIR
- ▪ SPIGELIAN HERNIA
- ▪ BIOMATERIALS USED IN SURGERIES OF HERNIA
  - Response to Prosthetic Material
    - Prosthesis
- ▪ COMPLICATIONS OF HERNIA SURGERY
- ▪ GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GROIN HERNIA
CHAPTER 31:Surgeries of Penis, Scrotum and Testis
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY OF PENIS
- ▪ TREATMENT OF CHORDEE
- ▪ TREATMENT PEYRONIE'S DISEASE (INDURATIO-PENIS PLASTICA)
- ▪ TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF PENIS
  - Partial Amputation of the Penis
  - Total Amputation of Penis
- ▪ INGUINAL BLOCK DISSECTION – RADICAL GROIN DISSECTION
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY OF SCROTUM
- ▪ TREATMENT FOR HYDROCOELE (FIGS 31-16 AND 31-17)
- ▪ TREATMENT OF HAEMATOCELE
- ▪ TREATMENT OF PYOCELE
- ▪ VARICOCELE
- ▪ TREATMENT OF CYST OF EPIDIDYMIS
- ▪ TREATMENT OF SPERMATOCELE
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY OF TESTIS
- ▪ UNDESCENDED TESTIS
- ▪ ECTOPIC TESTIS
  - Different Sites
  - Treatment
- ▪ TREATMENT OF TORSION TESTIS
- ▪ TESTICULAR BIOPSY
- ▪ TREATMENT OF TESTICULAR TUMOUR
- ▪ ORCHIDECTOMY
CHAPTER 32:Basic Surgeries in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- ▪ SURGICAL ANATOMY OF FEMALE GENITALIA
- ▪ SURGERIES IN FEMALE GENITAL TRACT
  - Preoperative Preparation
- ▪ DILATATION AND CURETTAGE (D & C)
- ▪ MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY
  - Methods of Termination
    - First Trimester (up to 12 weeks)
    - Second Trimester Termination
  - Hysterotomy
    - Vaginal Hysterotomy
- ▪ BARTHOLIN CYST AND ABSCESS
- ▪ ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
- ▪ CAESAREAN SECTION
- ▪ CAESARIAN HYSTERECTOMY
- ▪ TUBAL STERILIZATION PROCEDURES
  - Procedure
- ▪ SURGERIES FOR OVARIAN PATHOLOGY
- ▪ MYOMECTOMY
  - Open Myomectomy
  - Laparoscopic Myomectomy
- ▪ HYSTERECTOMY
- ▪ REPAIR OF GENITOURINARY FISTULAS
- ▪ TRANSOBTURATOR TAPE (TOT) FOR STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE
  - Problems
CHAPTER 33:Other Procedures
- ▪ ROBOTIC SURGERY
- ▪ LIPOSUCTION
- ▪ DRESSINGS
- ▪ BANDAGES

INDEX

TOC
Index

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Chapter Notes