Jaypee Brothers
In Current Chapter
In All Chapters
X
Clear
X
GO
Normal
Sepia
Dark
Default Style
Font Style 1
Font Style 2
Font Style 3
Less
Normal
More
Biophysics in Nursing
Suresh K Sharma
CHAPTER 1:
Introduction to Biophysics (Measurement and Accuracy)
INTRODUCTION
MEANING OF BIOPHYSICS
IMPORTANCE OF BIOPHYSICS IN NURSING
Measurement
Motion
Gravity
Center of Gravity
Specific Gravity
Force
Pressure
Heat
Light and Sound
Electricity
Work and Energy
Molecular Physics
Atomic Physics
CONCEPT OF UNIT
FUNDAMENTAL AND DERIVED UNITS
SYSTEMS OF UNITS
FUNDAMENTAL UNITS IN VARIOUS SYSTEMS
Unit of Length
Unit of Mass and Weight
Units of Time
QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 2:
Motion
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF MOTION
SCALARS AND VECTORS
SPEED
VELOCITY
Types of Velocity
ACCELERATION
APPLICATION IN NURSING
QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 3:
Gravity
INTRODUCTION
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
CENTER OF GRAVITY
PRINCIPLES OF GRAVITY
Applications of Archimedes' Principle
EFFECT OF GRAVITATIONAL FORCES ON HUMAN BODY AND APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF GRAVITY IN NURSING
QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 4:
Force, Energy and Work
FORCE
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
Types of Forces
NEWTON's LAW OF MOTION
1. Newton's First Law
2. Newton's Second Law
3. Newton's Third Law
FORCES OF THE BODY
Uniform Circular Motion
1. Centripetal Force
2. Centrifugal Force
WORK
Measurement of Work
ENERGY
TYPES AND TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY
ENERGY IN THE BODY
Conservation of Energy
PRINCIPLES OF MACHINES
Simple Machines
Principles
EFFICIENCY AND MECHANiCAL ADVANTAGE OF A MACHINE
PRINCIPLES OF FRICTION
BODY MECHANICS
Principles of Body Mechanics
SIMPLE MACHINES
LEVER
Lever Action of Jaw
Lever Action of Foot
Lever Action of Forearm
PULLEY
TRACTION
INCLINED PLANE
WEDGE
SCREW
APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES IN NURSING
QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 5:
Heat
INTRODUCTION
NATURE OF HEAT
Heat and Temperature are not Same in Nature
MEASUREMENT OF HEAT
Advantages of Mercury as the Thermometric Substance
Construction of Mercury Thermometer
TRANSFER OF HEAT
1. Conduction
Applications of Conductors
2. Convection
3. Radiation
4. Evaporation
EFFECTS OF HEAT ON MATTER
a. Freezing and Melting Points
b. Vapor Pressure
c. Boiling Point
d. Heat of Fusion
e. Heat of Solidification
f. Heat of Vaporization
g. Heat of Condensation
h. Heat of Combustion
Sublimation
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Importance of Relative Humidity
SPECIFIC HEAT
TEMPERATURE SCALES
Clinical Thermometer
REGULATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE
USE OF HEAT FOR STERILIZATION
APPLICATION OF HEAT PRINCIPLES IN NURSING
QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 6:
Light
INTRODUCTION
NATURE OF LIGHT
1. Corpuscular Theory of Light
Failures of Corpuscles Theory of Light
2. Wave Theory of Light
Failures of Wave Theory of Light
3. Quantum Theory of Light
4. Light at an Interface
LAW OF REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF LIGHT
REFLECTION OF LIGHT
REFRACTION OF LIGHT
FEATURES OF LENS
LENSES AND IMAGES
THE PHYSICS OF VISION
Structure of Eye (Fig. 6.12)
Action of the Eye
Power of Accommodation
Least Distance of Distant Vision
DEFECTS OF VISION AND ITS CORRECTIONS
Hypermetropia or Long-sightedness
Myopia or Short-sightedness
Presbyopia or Far-sightedness
Astigmatism
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE LIGHT
USES OF LIGHT IN THERAPY
Visible Light in Medicine
Infrared Radiation
Thermography
Uses
Ultraviolet radiation
Uses
Dangers and Precautions
X-rays
Types
Units
Uses
PHOTOSENSITIVITY
APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF LIGHT IN NURSING
QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 7:
Pressure
INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANCE OF PRESSURE IN HUMAN BODY
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
Instrument for Measuring Atmospheric Pressure
Applications of Atmospheric Pressure
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
Applications of Pascal's Law
Pressure in Flowing Fluids
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
Measuring Osmotic Pressure
Applications of the Osmotic Pressure
MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURES
Arterial Pressure
Measuring Arterial Pressure
Central Venous Pressure
Measuring Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
Intraocular Pressure
Intracranial Pressure
Measuring Intracranial Pressure
APPLICATIONS OF THESE PRINCIPLES of Pressure IN NURSING
QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 8:
Sound
INTRODUCTION
MECHANISM OF PROPAGATION OF WAVES
TYPES OF WAVES
TYPES OF WAVE MOTION
Transverse Wave Motion
Longitudinal Wave Motion or Pressure Wave
SOUND WAVES
SOME IMPORTANT TERMS CONNECTED WITH WAVE MOTION
WAVE PHENOMENON
CHARACTERiSTICS OF SOUND
VOCALIZATION AND HEARING
Vocalization
Hearing
THE DOPPLER EFFECT
APPLICATIONS OF SOUND
Hearing Aids
Stethoscope
Symbalophone
Audiometry
Speech Audiometry
Applications
Sonar Navigation and Ranging
Ultrasonic Sound Waves
Uses of Ultrasound
NOISE POLLUTION AND ITS PREVENTION
Sources
Human Health Effects
Prevention of Noise Pollution
QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 9:
Electricity and Electromagnetism
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF ELECTRICITY
ELECTROSTATICS (STATIC ELECTRICITY)
Theory of Electrification
Coulomb's Law
Conduction
Examples
Induction
Discharging of Charged Bodies
Applications of Electrostatics
ELECTRODYNAMICS
Current
Electromotive Force
Resistance
Ohm's Law
SOURCES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Radiant Source of Electricity
Device
Uses
Thermal Source of Electricity
Chemical Source of Electric Current
Magnetic and Mechanical Sources of Electricity
EFFECTS OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
Radiant Effects
Thermal Effects
Chemical Effects
Mechanical Effects
The Electromagnet
EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON THE HUMAN BODY
MAGNETISM
Polarity
Law of magnetic force
Coulomb's Law
Magnetic Fields
Field Strength
Characteristics of Magnetic Lines of Force
Magnetic Inductions
Effect of Temperature on Magnet
APPLICATIONS OF THE MAGNET AND MAGNETISM
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG)
Classification According to Form of Wave
Uses of EEG
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (ECG)
Process of ECG
Technique
Wave pattern
PHONOCARDIOGRAPHY
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG)
EMG Pattern
ELECTROSTIMULATION
ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT)
ELECTRONIC CARDIAC PACEMAKER
BRAIN PACEMAKER
DEFIBRILLATION
AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR
Uses
Mechanism of Operation
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI SCANNING)
Mechanism of Operation and Uses
CAT SCAN
Uses
Process
QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 10:
Nuclear Physics
INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Thomson's Atomic Model
Rutherford's Model of an Atom
Main Features
Failures
Bohr's Model of an Atom
Success
Weaknesses
DETECTION OF RADIOACTIVITY AND MONITORING
CLINICAL USES OF RADIOiSOTOPES AND RADIO ELEMENTS
RADIATION PROTECTION LIMiTS
Layer 1:3 mrem per year ALARA objective–Appendix 1 to 10 CFR Part 50
Layer 2:25 mrem per year standard–10 CFR 20.1301 (e)
Layer 3: 100 mrem per year limit–10 CFR 20.1301 (a) (1)
INSTRUMENTS USED FOR DETECTION OF IONIZING RADIATION, X-RAYS
QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 11:
Electronics in Nursing
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRONICS
1. VACUUM TUBES
Phenomenon
Types of Vacuum Tubes
Uses
2. CAPACITORS
Parts of a Capacitor
Working
Diagrammatic Presentation
3. TRANSISTORS
Properties
4. TRANSDUCERS
Parts and Working
COMMON ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT USED IN PATIENT CARE
Thermionic Thermometer
Working Principle
Uses
Patient Monitors
Working
Uses
Cathode-ray Oscilloscope
Functioning
Use
Electron Microscope
Diathermy
Uses
QUESTIONS
INDEX
TOC
Index
×
Chapter Notes
Save
Clear