Third Edition
VG Sawant MS (Anatomy)
Professor and Head Department of Anatomy Padmashree Dr DY Patil Medical College
Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Former Professor of Anatomy Terna Medical College
Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Grant Medical College,
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Headquarters
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj
New Delhi 110 002, India
Phone: +91-11-43574357
Fax: +91-11-43574314
Email: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com
Overseas Offices
J.P. Medical Ltd.
83, Victoria Street, London
SW1H 0HW (UK)
Phone: +44-2031708910
Fax: +02-03-0086180
Email: info@jpmedpub.com
Jaypee-Highlights medical publishers Inc.
City of Knowledge, Bld. 237, Clayton
Panama City, Panama
Phone: +507-301-0496
Fax: +507-301-0499
Email: cservice@jphmedical.com
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
17/1-B Babar Road, Block-B, Shaymali
Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207
Bangladesh
Mobile: +08801912003485
Email: jaypeedhaka@gmail.com
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
Shorakhute, Kathmandu
Nepal
Phone: +00977-9841528578
Email: jaypee.nepal@gmail.com
Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com
Website: www.jaypeedigital.com
© 2013, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the publisher.
Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com
This book has been published in good faith that the contents provided by the author contained herein are original, and is intended for educational purposes only. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy of information, the publisher and the author specifically disclaim any damage, liability, or loss incurred, directly or indirectly, from the use or application of any of the contents of this work. If not specifically stated, all figures and tables are courtesy of the author. Where appropriate, the readers should consult with a specialist or contact the manufacturer of the drug or device.
SAQs in Anatomy
First Edition: 2003
Second Edition: 2005
Reprint: 2009
Third Edition: 2013
9789350251805
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at
5Dedicated to
My Parents Wife Rekha Daughter Kshittja Son Viresh
I have great pleasure in presenting the third edition of this book.
I am thankful to all the students for their response to the second edition of the book.
In the third edition, about 130 new SAQs, especially in Brain and Genetics Section have been added.
It is pleasure to thank all those who have written letters of encouragement and have made useful suggestions. Suggestions and comments are welcome from teachers and students. I also wish to thank Mr Tarun Duneja (Director-Publishing) and Mr KK Raman (Production Manager), M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for their help to publish the book.
I would also like to thank Mr Chandra Shekhar Gawde and Mr Ramesh Krishnamachari of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher (P) Ltd, Mumbai branch, India, for their help.
VG Sawant
9Preface to the First Edition
The changing trend in evaluation, i.e. from essay type questions to objective type questions is adapted by Medical Council of India (MCI) and most of the medical universi-ties. Objective type of questioning gives equal opportunity to all students and covers wider syllabus.
Short answer questions (SAQs) are objective type of questions which require answer in words or in shorter manner. SAQs are useful in measuring learning outcomes in the lower and middle level cognitive domains, i.e. knowledge comprehension, application and analysis. Therefore, in a medical curriculum, where a student is required to be well aware of facts of life, disease and treatment, the SAQs can become a helpful tool to test their learning outcome.
While framing a SAQ, one should remember the following things:
- Use simple language
- Use any one of the following formats:
- Question type.
- Enumerate the structures.
- Definition type.
- Draw and label the diagram.
- Reasoning type.
- Comparison between two.
- Do not ask SAQ in one or two words like a title of short note, i.e. biceps brachii.This is a wrong SAQ as it is neither in question format nor in any one of formats which are mentioned here. The student does not know what specific answer he has to write. Instead, the SAQ on the same topic can be framed in the following way:
- Specify the joints at which biceps brachii acts.
- What are the movements produced by biceps brachii at these joints?
- Avoid use of negative beginning.
The SAQs are asked in theory examination for 2 marks. So, the answers should be written in shortest manner (in some of the clinically-oriented SAQs, answers are little lengthy for understanding purpose, but students can write in shortest manner).
The SAQs included in this book, besides being asked in theory examination, are also most frequently asked in viva voce during practicals. In addition, answers to these SAQs will also help the students to answer MCQs on the same topic.
Though this book is essentially for under-graduate students, it can be useful for the students preparing for postgraduate entrance examination. Constructive suggestions, healthy criticism and comments to improve this book are welcome from anatomy teachers and students.
I thank Mr Tarun Duneja (Director-Publishing), M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for his help to publish the book.
VG Sawant