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Acute Exacerbation of Respiratory Diseases
Steven A Sahn
CHAPTER 1:
Acute Exacerbations of COPD
EPIDEMIOLOGY
CURRENT DEFINITION
CLINICAL ATTRIBUTES OF A COPD EXACERBATION
HEALTHCARE UTILIZATION
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CLINICAL IMPACT
Symptoms
Emergency Room Care and Hospitalization
Quality of Life
Mortality
TREATMENT
Bronchodilators
Corticosteroids
Antibiotics
Mucolytics and Expectorants
Noninvasive Ventilation
Self-management
FUTURE RESEARCH
CHAPTER 2:
Acute Exacerbations of Asthma
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Exacerbation-prone Phenotype
Subgroup at Risk for Near Fatal Asthma (NFA)
CAUSES OF ASTHMA EXACERBATION
PREVENTION OF ASTHMA EXACERBATION: THE BEST CURE
MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE EXACERBATION
Home Management
Outpatient Management (Physician's Office)
MANAGING ASTHMA EXACERBATION IN THE ED: A SUMMARY OF THE NATIONAL ASTHMA EDUCATION AND PREVENTION PROGRAM EXPERT PANEL REPORT-3 (NAEPP EPR-3) GUIDELINES3
Initial Assessment
Classifying the Severity of Asthma Exacerbations
Focused History
Physical Examination
Lung Function
Laboratory Studies
Emergency Department Management
Patient Discharge
Anti-inflammatory Treatment after Discharge to Home from the ED
Education of the Asthmatic Patient in the ED
Impending Respiratory Failure
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV)
Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation of the Asthmatic Patient in Respiratory Failure
Prevention of Intubation
Criteria for Intubation
Intubation Technique
Recommendations for Appropriate Ventilator Settings
Management in the Immediate Post-intubation Period
Medical Management of Asthma in the Intubated Patient
Prevention and Treatment of Complications
CHAPTER 3:
Pulmonary Exacerbations in Cystic Fibrosis
INTRODUCTION
PATHOGENESIS OF CF AIRWAYS DISEASE
WHAT IS AN EXACERBATION?
CAUSES OF AN EXACERBATION
TREATMENT OF AN EXACERBATION
Site of Treatment
Antibiotics
Corticosteroids
COMPLICATIONS
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)
Pneumothorax
Hemoptysis
Respiratory Failure
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4:
Pulmonary Exacerbations in Bronchiectasis
INTRODUCTION
PATHOGENESIS OF BRONCHIECTASIS
MICROBIOLOGY OF BRONCHIECTASIS
MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC BRONCHIECTASIS
Aerosolized Antibiotics
Airway Clearance Therapies
Medications that Alter Airways Secretions
Anti-inflammatory Medications
WHAT IS AN EXACERBATION?
CAUSES OF AN EXACERBATION
TREATMENT OF AN EXACERBATION
Site of Treatment
Antibiotics
Corticosteroids
COMPLICATIONS
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)
Massive Hemoptysis
Surgery
Respiratory Failure
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5:
Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
INTRODUCTION
IDIOPATHIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIAS (IIPs)
Incidence and Prevalence
Differentiating the IIPs
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF IPF
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
DIAGNOSIS OF IPF
CLINICAL PREDICTORS OF SEVERITY AND PROGRESSION OF IPF
PROGNOSIS OF IPF
ACUTE EXACERBATION: A MISNOMER?
BIOMARKERS AND ACUTE EXACERBATIONS OF IPF
MANAGEMENT OF THE ACUTE EXACERBATION
ICU Outcomes
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6:
Acute Pulmonary Exacerbations of Sarcoidosis
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS OF APES
DIAGNOSIS OF APES
Treatment
PROGNOSIS
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 7:
Acute Exacerbations of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
ACUTE HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS
Clinical Characteristics
Diagnosis
Exacerbations
Treatment
SUBACUTE HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS
Clinical Characteristics
Diagnosis
Exacerbations
Treatment
CHRONIC HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS
Clinical Characteristics
Diagnosis
Exacerbations
Treatment
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 8:
Acute Rejection in the Lung Transplantation Recipient
INTRODUCTION
DISCUSSION
Deep Venous Thrombosis/Pulmonary Embolism
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Pulmonary Infections
Acute Rejection
CHAPTER 9:
Drug-induced Respiratory Disease
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MECHANISMS OF PULMONARY TOXICITY
PATHOLOGIC AND RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASE
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia
LIP and Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Bronchiolitis Obliterans
Bronchiolitis Obliterans with Organizing Pneumonia
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema with or without Diffuse Alveolar Damage
Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Vasculitis
Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Granulomatosis Pneumonitis
Cough and Bronchospasm
Drug-induced Pleural Disease
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Commonly Encountered Medications
Amiodarone
Nitrofurantoin
Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury
Biological Targeted Therapies
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Rituximab
Interferon
Anti-TNF Alfa Drugs
Rapamycin Analogs
Monoclonal Antibodies
Antineoplastic Agents
INDEX
TOC
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