Index

Essentials of Dentistry: Quick Review and Examination Preparation Rushik Dhaduk

CHAPTER 1:Rubber Dam Isolation
- INTRODUCTION
- GOALS OF ISOLATION
- ADVANTAGES
- DISADVANTAGES
- MATERIALS
- RUBBER DAM TEMPLATE
CHAPTER 2:Retention Form of Amalgam Preparation
- TOOTH PREPARATION
- STAGES AND STEPS FOR TOOTH PREPARATION
CHAPTER 3:Wedges
- PURPOSE
- REQUIREMENT
- PARTS OF WEDGES
- TYPES
- SIZES
- SHAPES
- FUNCTION
- METHODS OF INSERTION (Figs 3.2 to 3.4)
  - Different Wedging Methods
CHAPTER 4:Gates Gliddens and Peeso Reamers
- SIZES OF GATES GLIDDEN DRILL
- SIZES OF PEESO REAMER
- PARTS
- USEFULNESS IN PREPARING ROOT CANALS
- STRAIGHTENING THE CANAL
- MAIN USES
- FLEXOGATES
CHAPTER 5:Dental Caries Classifications
- BASED ON ANATOMIC SITE
- BASED ON SEVERITY
- BASED ON PROGRESS
  - Arrested Caries
  - Recurrent/Secondary Caries
- BASED ON CHRONOLOGY
  - Acute/Rampant Caries
  - Chronic/Slow Caries
- BASED ON DIRECTION OF SPREAD
  - Forward Caries
  - Backward Caries
CHAPTER 6:Differences between the Inlay and Amalgam Restorations
CHAPTER 7:Electric Pulp Testing
- PRINCIPLE
- ELECTROLYTE
- TYPES OF PULP TESTERS
- SITE
- PROCEDURES
- PRECAUTIONS
- CONTRAINDICATIONs
- RESPONSES
  - False-negative
  - False-positive
CHAPTER 8:Dental Adhension
- ADHESION
- ADHESIVE JOINT
- MICROMECHANICAL BONDING
- BONDING SYSTEMS
- ADHESIVE CONSIDERATIONS FOR DIRECT COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS
- DENTAL ADHESIVE SYSTEMS (Fig. 8.1)
  - Mechanisms of Action
- RATIONALE OF ADHESIVE SYSTEMS
- NEWER ADHESIVE DEVELOPMENTS
- KEY POINTS TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE BONDING WITH TOTAL ETCH SYSTEM
- KEY POINTS TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE BONDING WITH SELF-ETCH SYSTEM
CHAPTER 9:Bleaching
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION OF BLEACHING AGENTS
  - Products Based on H2O2
  - Recently 1-10% H2O2 Solutions Marketed are:
- HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
  - Mechanism of Action of H2O2
  - Carbamide Peroxide
- BLEACHING TECHNIQUES
  - In Office Bleaching
  - Out Office Bleaching
- FACTORS AFFECTING BLEACHING
- DISADVANTAGES OF BLEACHING
- ADVANTAGES OF BLEACHING
CHAPTER 10:Endodontic Hand Instruments and Instrumentation
- CLASSIFICATIONS OF ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS
- STANDARDIZATION
  - Other Specifications Added Later
- MATERIALs USED FOR MANUFACTURING INSTRUMENTS
- MANUFACTURING OF ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS
- FEATURES OF ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS
- BARBED BROACH
  - Methods of Use
  - Use
- RASP
- REAMERS
  - Features
  - Uses
- FILES (Fig. 10.9)
- K-FILE
- K-FLEX FILE (D-type file)
- FLEXO FILE
- FLEX-R FILE
- H-FILE (HEDSTROM FILE)
- UNI FILE
- S-FILE
- SAFETY HEDSTROM FILE
CHAPTER 11:Hand Instruments in Conservative Dentistry and Some Considerations for Viva Voce
- BASIC CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS
- DENTAL INSTRUMENTS CAN BE GROSSLY DIVIDED INTO FOLLOWING TWO CATEGORIES
  - Cutting Instruments
  - Noncutting Instruments
- INSTRUMENT NOMENCLATURE
- INSTRUMENT FORMULA
- EXPLORING INSTRUMENTS
- INSTRUMENTS FOR TOOTH STRUCTURE REMOVAL
- RESTORATIVE INSTRUMENTS
- HAND INSTRUMENTS
- CONSIDERATIONS FOR OPERATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTIA VIVA VOCE
- CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION OF TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES INCLUDING CODES OF WHO INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION
CHAPTER 12:Gingiva in Health and Disease
CHAPTER 13:Dentogingival Junction
- DEFINITION
- COMPONENTS
- DEVELOPMENT
- MECHANISM OF ATTACHMENT OF THE DENTOGINGIVAL JUNCTION
- AGE AND INFLAMMATION CHANGES
- CLINICAL IMPLICATION
CHAPTER 14:Cementum in Disease
- STRUCTURAL CHANGES
- CHEMICAL CHANGES
  - Mineral
- PHYSICAL CHANGES
CHAPTER 15:Tooth Mobility
- INTRODUCTION
- TYPES
- CAUSES
- FACTORS AFFECTING TOOTH Mobility
- INCREASED VS INCREASING MOBILITY
  - Increased
  - Increasing
- MILLER's CLaSSIFICATION (1950)
- GLICKMAN's CLASSIFICATION (1972)
- LINDHE's CLASSIFICATION
- STAGES OF TOOTH MOBILITY
- MEASUREMENT OF TOOTH MOBILITY
  - Periotest
- GENERALIZED TREATMENT OF MOBILITY
CHAPTER 16:Food Impaction
- DEFINITION
- TYPES
  - Vertical Food Impaction
  - Horizontal Food Impaction
- FACTORS AFFECTING FOOD IMPACTION (Fig. 16.1)
- PLUNGER CUSP
- CLASSIFICATION OF FACTORS CAUSING FOOD IMPACTION
- SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
- PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
CHAPTER 17:Halitosis
- DEFINITION
- CLINICAL FEATURES
  - TYPES
    - Transitory Halitosis
    - Chronic Halitosis
- PRIMARY FACTORS AFFECTING HALITOSIS
- MICROBIOTA IN HALITOSIS
- MECHANISMS
- ETIOLOGY (Fig. 17.1)
  - Intraoral Causes
    - Nonpathological
    - Pathological
  - Extraoral Causes
    - Nonpathological
    - Pathological
- DIAGNOSIS
- PREVENTION
- MANAGEMENT OF ORAL MALODOR
CHAPTER 18:Periodontal Probe
- DEFINITION
- DESIGN
- FUNCTIONS
- CLASSIFICATION OF PROBES
CHAPTER 19:Probing
- DEFINITION
- PROBING TECHNIQUE
- INTERPRETATION
  - Normal Sulcus
  - Periodontal Pocket
- LIMITATIONS
- FACTORS AFFECTING Probing
- PROBING AT VARIOUS TIMES
CHAPTER 20:Scalers and Curettes
- DIFFERENCES OF GRACEY CURETTE AND UNIVERSAL CURETTE (Fig. 20.5A and B)
- COMPARISON OF SCALERS
- AREAS OF INSTRUMENTATION OF GRACEY CURETTES (Figs. 20.6 to 20.8)
CHAPTER 21:Gingival Curettage
- DEFINITION
- RATIONALE
- INDICATIONS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- LIMITATIONS
- PROCEDURES
- OTHER TECHNIQUES
- HEALING AFTER CURETTAGE
CHAPTER 22:Infrabony Pocket
- SIGNS
- SYMPTOMS
- CLASSIFICATIONS OF POCKETS
- CLASSIFICATIONS OF PERIODONTAL POCKETS
- CLASSIFICATIONS OF INFRABONY DEFECTS
- ETIOLOGY OF INFRABONY POCKET AND INFRABONY DEFECT
- INCIDENCE
- DIAGNOSIS OF INFRABONY DEFECT
- TREATMENT
CHAPTER 23:Bone Replacement Grafts
- EXTRA AND INTRAORAL DONOR SITES FOR AUTOGENOUS BONE GRAFTS
- OSSEOUS COAGULUM
- BONE BLEND
- BONE SWAGING
- ALLOGENIC BONE GRAFTS
  - Freeze-dried Bone Allograft
  - Demineralized (Decalcified) Freeze-dried Bone Allografts
- ALLOPLASTIC MATERIALS
- XENOGRAFTS
CHAPTER 24:Hypersensitivity
- DEFINITION
- BASIC CONCEPTS OF TOOTH SENSITIVITY
- PAIN MEDIATORS
- NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
- OTHER THEORIES OF DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY
- PREVALENCE
- HIGHEST INCIDENT SITE
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- CAUSES
- CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
- DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
- CONDITIONS TO RULE OUT HYPERSENSITIVITY
- WAYS TO RULE OUT
- OCCURRENCE OF PAIN
- PEOPLE AT RISK
- TREATMENT STRATEGIES
- MANAGEMENT OF HYPERSENSITIVITY
  - Professional/In Office Treatment Modalities
  - Patient Education
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 25:Definitions and Questionnaire for Periodontia Viva Voce
- GINGIVA
  - Marginal Gingiva
  - Free Gingival Groove
  - Gingival Sulcus
  - Attached Gingiva
    - Functions
  - Width of Attached Gingiva
  - Interdental Gingiva
  - Interdental Groove
  - Desmosomes
  - Keratinosomes or Odland Bodies
  - Oral or Outer Epithelium
  - Alveolar Mucose
  - Sulcular Epithelium
  - Junctional Epithelium
  - Dentogingival Unit
  - Cuticle
  - Coronal Cementum
  - Gingiva Fluid or Sulcular Fluid
  - Gingiva Fibers
  - Stippling
  - Melanin
  - Anatomic Crown
  - Clinical Crown
  - Anatomic Root
  - Clinical Root
  - Lamina Propria
  - Papillary Layer
  - Reticular Layer
  - Active Eruption
  - Passive Eruption
  - Gingival Recession
  - Physiologic Recession
  - Col
- THE TOOTH-SUPPORTING STRUCTURE
  - Periodontal Ligament
  - Sharpey's Fibers
  - Collagen
  - Indifferent Fiber Plexus
  - Cementicles
  - Cementum
  - Acellular Cementum
  - Cellular Cementum
  - Hypercementosis
  - Reversal Line
  - Ankylosis
  - Alveolar Bone Proper
  - Osteoid
  - Bundle Bone
  - Periosteum, Endosteum
  - Fenestrations
  - Dehiscence
  - Pre-cementum or Cementoid
  - Intermediate Plexus
  - Physiologic Mesial Migration
  - Trauma From Occlusion
  - Dental Epidemiology
  - Epidemiologic Indices
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE AND GINGIVAL DISEASE
  - Dental Plaque
  - Materia Alba
- PERIODONTAL MICROBIOLOGY
  - Supragingival Plaque
  - Marginal Plaque
  - Subgingival Plaque
  - Co-aggregation
  - Chemotaxis
  - Opsonization
- DENTAL CALCULUS
  - Calculocementum
  - Stains
- ROLE OF IATROGENIC AND OTHER LOCAL FACTORS
  - Food Impaction
  - Plunger Cusps
- DENTAL OCCLUSION
  - Occlusion
  - Physiologic Occlusion
  - Traumatic Occlusion
  - Therapeutic Occlusion
  - Border Movements
  - Contact Movements
  - Intraborder Movements
  - Excursions
  - Bennett Movement
  - Physiologic Rest Position
  - Free Way Space
  - Masticatory or Chewing Cycle
  - Supracontact
  - Vertical Dimension of Occlusion
  - Attrition
  - Facets
  - Erosion
  - Frictional Ablation
  - Abrasion
  - Abfraction
  - Bruxism
- INFLUENCE OF SYSTEMIC DISEASEs ON PERIODONTIUM
  - Scurvy
  - Leukemia
  - Aids
- CLINICAL FEATURES OF GINGIVITIS
  - Acute Gingivitis
  - Chronic Gingivitis
  - Recurrent Gingivitis
  - Gingival Clefts
  - Stillman's Clefts
  - McCall's Festoons
- GINGIVAL ENLARGEMENT
  - Granuloma Pyogenicum
  - Epulis
- ACUTE GINGIVAL INFECTIONS
  - Acute Necrotizing Gingivitis (Anug)
  - Vincent's Angina
  - Pericoronitis
- DESQUAMATIVE GINGIVITIS AND ORAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE DISEASES
  - Desquamative Gingivitis
  - Lichen Planus
  - Leukoplakia
  - Pemphigus
  - Erythema Multiforme
  - Scleroderma
- PERIODONTAL POCKET
  - Eruption Gingivitis
  - Periodontal Pocket
  - Gingival Pocket (False/ Pseudopsocket)
  - True Periodontal Pocket
  - Suprabony Pocket
  - Infrabony Pocket
  - Spiral Pocket
  - Periodontal Abscess
- BONE LOSS AND PATTERN OF BONE LOSS
  - Exostoses
  - Buttressing Bone Formation
    - Two Types
  - Osseous Craters
  - Bulbous Bone Contours
  - Reversed Architecture
  - Ledges
  - Furcation Involvement
- PERIODONTAL RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL FORCES
  - Pathologic Migration
  - Refractory Periodontitis
- PREPUBERTAL AND JUVENILE PERIODONTITIS
  - Juvenile Periodontitis
  - Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome
  - Down's Syndrome
- OTHER
  - Diagnosis
  - Lamina Dura
  - Prognosis
  - Treatment Plan
- RATIONALE FOR PERIODONTAL TREATMENT
  - Regeneration
  - Reattachment
  - New Attachment
  - Repair
- PRINCIPLE OF PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENTATION
  - Adaptation
  - Angulations
  - Lateral Pressure
  - Scaling
  - Root Planing
  - Probe
  - Probing
  - Probing Depth
- PLAQUE CONTROL
  - Dentifrices
  - Disclosing Agent
  - Cavitation
  - Periodontal Debridement
- QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PERIODONTIA VIVA VOCE
  - Treatment strategies
- SCALING AND ROOT PLAnING
- HISTORY
- FEW POINTS ABOUT INTRAORAL EXAMINATION
  - For anterior segment
  - For posterior segment
CHAPTER 26:Ameloblastoma
- TUMORS
- ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
- CLASSIFICATION
  - Epithelial Odontogenic Tumors
  - Mesodermal Odontogenic Tumors
  - Tumors of Unknown Origin
  - Malignant Odontogenic Tumors
- AMELOBLASTOMA
- HISTORY
- DEFINITION
- ETIOLOGY
- CLASSIFICATION
- PATHOGENESIS
- INCIDENCE
- AGE
- SEX
- SITE
- SIZE
- RACE
- PRECEDING FACTORS
- ONSET
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- SPREAD
- RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
- DIAGNOSTIC AIDS
- HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES
- MANAGEMENT
- SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES
  - Solid Multicystic Lesion
  - Intraosseous Unicystic Ameloblastoma
  - Peripheral (Extraosseous)
CHAPTER 27:Properties of X-rays
- RADIATION
- X-RADIATION
- PROPERTIES OF X-RAYS
CHAPTER 28:Considerations for Oral Medicine Viva Voce
- TYPES OF GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE
- SYNDROMES WITH CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES
CHAPTER 29:Orbital Blow Out Fracture
- DEFINITION
- ETIOLOGY
- TYPES (Flow chart 29.1)
- SITES
- CLINICAL SIGNS
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 30:Considerations for Oral Surgery Viva Voce
- LEUKOPLAKIA (WHO—1975)
- ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS (OSMF)
- SIALOSIS
- SIALADENITIS AND SIALODOCHITIS
- SIALADENOSIS
- XEROSTOMIA
- SIALOLITHIASIS
- SIALECTASIS
- SIALORRHEA/PTYLISM
- TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
- PAIN
- LOCAL ANESTHESIA
- LUDWIG's ANGINA
- BELL's PALSY
- OSTEOMYELITIS
- CYST
- Marsupialization
- NEURALGIA
- TUMORS/NEOPLASM
- SOME CONSIDERATIONS FOR VIVA VOCE
  - Some Numerical about Local Anesthesia
  - Glasgow Coma Scale
- SOME COMMONLY USED COMPOSITIONs
- CLASSIFICATIONS
  - Dentoalveolar Fracture
    - Andreasen and Andreasen, 1994
  - Mandibular Fracture
  - Condylar Fracture
  - Fracture of Zygomatic Complex and Arch
    - I. Knight and North (1961)
    - II. Rowe and Williams
  - Fracture of Middle-third of Face
    - I. Rowe and Williams (1985)
  - Nasoethmoidal Orbital (Noe) Fracture
  - Frontal Sinus Fracture
    - I. First Classification
    - II. Second Classification
- TOOTH IMPACTION
  - Pell and Gregary Classification
CHAPTER 31:Morphological Differences between Primary and Permanent Teeth
CHAPTER 32:Definitions in Pedodontia
- PEDODONTICS
  - By American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry
- PSYCHOLOGY
- CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
- CHILD MANAGEMENT
- EMOTION
- BEHAVIOR
- FEAR
- ANXIETY
- PHOBIA
- BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
- BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT
- BEHAVIOR SHAPING
- BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
- NURSING CARIES
- RAMPANT CARIES
- PLUNGER CUSP
- PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS
- INDIRECT PULP CAPPING
- DIRECT PULP CAPPING
- PULPOTOMY
- PULPECTOMY
- APEXOGENESIS
- APEXIFICATION
- PREVENTIVE ORTHODONTICS
- INTERCEPTIVE ORTHODONTICS
- SPACE CONTROL
- SPACE MAINTENANCE
- SPACE MAINTAINER
- HABIT
- THUMB SUCKING
- TONGUE THRUSTING
- MOUTH BREATHING
- BRUXISM
- SELF-INJURIOUS HABIT
- HANDICAPPED PERSON
- MENTAL RETARDATION
- CEREBRAL PALSY

INDEX

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Index

Chapter Notes