Approach to Pediatric Emergency Jaydeep Choudhury, Jayanta Bandyopadhyay
INDEX
A
Abdominal
distention 191f
trauma 386
Abnormal pulse rate or rhythm 160
Abuse of children 357
Accidental hypothermia 296
Acid base balance and fluid 316, 318
Acute
abdominal pain 187, 193, 244
appendicitis 188
bacterial sinusitis 417
care 154
chest syndrome 243
CNS event 244
epiglottitis 139
lower abdominal pain 188
management of
hyperammonemia 493, 493t
hypoglycemia 490
medical problems or distress 12
meningitis 458
neck stiffness 367
osteomyelitis 371
otitis
externa 412
media 413
painful hip 369
renal failure 209
scrotum 194
severe asthma 145
splenic sequestration crisis 244
variceal hemorrhage 200
Addisonian crisis 262
Adenosine 169
Administration of oxygen 45
Adrenal insufficiency 262, 263
Airway foreign body 333
Anal fissure 474f
Analysis of pleural fluid 98t
Anaphylaxis 40, 41t
Angioedema 428
Angulated greenstick fracture of distal radius 391f
Animal bites 267
Antibiotic therapy 461, 464
Antidotes 306
Antimalarial chemotherapy 447
Antirabies vaccination 271
Antiseizure medications in coma 34
Antitetanus prophylaxis 271
Apgar scoring system 108t
Aplastic crisis 245
Arrhythmia 163
Artemisinin based combination therapy 447t
Arteriovenous malformation 229
Asymptomatic hyponatremia 50
Autonomic nervous system 326
Axial skeleton 397
B
Bag and mask ventilation 18f, 85f
Balanitis 475
Battery in nose or ear 345
Bee sting in finger 472f
Benzodiazepines 72, 72t, 73
Beta blockers 327
Bicarbonate 251
Bilateral upper lobe consolidation 455f
Biochemical genetic emergency 484
Bleeding
disorder in neonates 125
neonate 123
Blood
component
administration 61
transfusion 56
sampling 256
stained discharge 404
Blunt trauma 384, 405f
Bradyarrhythmia 161
Bradycardia 163, 164
Breathing 18, 33, 163
Bronchiolitis 142
Bronchopneumonia 456f
Buckle fracture of distal ulna 391f
Bulb mucus sucker 17f
Buphthalmos 408, 408f
Burn 289
Button
battery
in intestine 343f
ingestion 341
C
Canine rabies 274
Carbohydrate metabolism defects 485
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 17
Cardiovascular emergencies 151
Causative virus 268
Causes of
acute stiff neck 367
ARF 209
chest pain 175
hyperinsulinism 257
pediatric hypoglycemia based on age 255t
white pupillary reflex 401
Cell culture antirabies vaccine 272
Central nervous system 325
Cerebral
edema 252, 287
hypoxemia/ischemia 28
malaria 448
Cervical spine 364
injuries 376
Chemical injury affected eye 407f
Chest
pain 175
trauma 384
tube
drainage and needle thoracocentesis 97
placement 97
Child with
advanced liver failure 203f
chickenpox 423f
measles 422f
meningococcal rash 423f
neonatal purpura 124f
red eye 404
Choice of empiric antimicrobials 36
Choreoathetoid movement disorder 73
Chronic urticaria 430
Classification of
cervical spine injuries 377t
migraine with aura 226
neuromuscular blockers 78
Clavicle fracture 394f
Cofactor replacement therapy 494
Coma 28
Common causes of
ear pain in children 411t
heart failure 156
hyperpyrexia 294
hypertension in children 215t
pediatric hypertensive emergencies 215t
unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in children 113
Common
complications of severe hypothermia 296
lower extremity injuries 394
migraine 226
upper extremity injuries 389
Community acquired pneumonia 454
Compensated shock 24
Complete obstruction 334
Complications of RSI 93
Composition of commonly used rehydration solutions and plasma 49t
Confirmatory tests 257
Congenital cataract 401
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia 113
Conjunctival congestion 405
Contraindications of lumbar puncture 459
Corneal foreign body 406
Cricothyrotomy 103
Croup management plan 137
Cyanotic spell 153
D
Dating fractures 358
Decision-making in pediatric emergency 9
Decompensated shock 25
Deeper frost bite 300
Degree of burn 289
Delivered oxygen 46
Dengue 450
fever 450
hemorrhagic fever 451, 453
serology 451
shock syndrome 451
Dental caries 473f
Diabetic ketoacidosis 249
Dialysis in ARF 213
Diazepam 73
Diffuse bacterial otitis externa 413
Digoxin 328
Disadvantages of oxygen therapy 46
Disorders of pyruvate metabolism 485
Displaced
distal end radius and ulna fracture 390f
lateral condyle humerus fracture 393f
proximal humerus fracture 393f
supracondylar fracture of distal humerus 392f
Dog bite over
arm 268f
face 267f
Drugs to treat severe hypertension 217t
Duct dependent systemic lesions 182
Duration of antibiotics 461
Dysrhythmias 299
E
Electrical burn 292
Electrolytes 250, 324
Elemental iron content of different iron salts 310t
Emergency treatment of VT 172
End organ damage 216
Endocrine disorders 29
Endoscopic evaluation of GI bleed 200
Endotracheal tube 18f
Enzyme replacement therapy 494
Epididymo-orchitis 196
Epilepsy 28
Epiphyseal fracture separation of lower
end of tibia in adolescent
child 396
Epistaxis 416
Erythema multiforme 433f
ET tube 87t
Euvolemic hypernatremia 52
Extracorporeal techniques 299
Eye exposure 322
F
Factitious hyponatremia 51
Fatty acid oxidation defects 485
Fentanyl 71
Fever
with rash 421
without focus 441
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy 338
First
aid 277, 289
attack of status asthmaticus 149
Flail chest 385
Fluid 20, 250
and electrolyte balance 47
management of ARF 213
resuscitation 290
Foreign body in
GI tract 339
nose and ear 414
Fractures 388
Frequency of monitoring bilirubin 117
Frostbite 299
Fulminant hepatic failure 202
Furunculosis 412
G
Gastrointestinal
decontamination 305
emergencies 185
Granulocytes 61
Greenstick fracture of tibia and fibula with valgus angulation 395f
Guideline to management of potentially injured cervical spine 383
H
Hand-foot syndrome 243
Head trauma 363
Headache 225
with fever 225
without fever 225
Heart
disease 181
failure 156
Hematuria 220
Hemolytic disease of newborn 117
Hepatic encephalopathy 203t
Herpangina 418, 473f
Herpetic
gingivitis 472f
gingivostomatitis 417
Heterometrus bengalensis 281
Humidification of oxygen 45
Hydrocarbons 320, 321
Hydrocephalus with shunt 228
Hyperbilirubinemia 113
Hyperglycemia 34
Hyperkalemia 53
Hypernatremic dehydration 51
Hyperoxia test 127
Hyperparasitemia 449
Hyperpyrexia 294, 448
Hypertension 229
Hyperthermia 294, 295
Hypocalcemia 55
Hypodermic needle injury 406
Hypoglycemia 33, 109, 256, 258, 448
Hypokalemia 54
Hyponatremia 50, 51t
Hyponatremic dehydration 50
Hypotension 41
Hypothermia 287
Hypovolemia 48
Hypovolemic hypernatremia 52
I
Idiopathic scrotal edema 196
Incomplete obstruction 334
Incubation period 269
Indian
red scorpion 281
scorpions 281
Infectious
complications of transfusion therapy 62t
diseases 28
Inhalation exposure 317, 319, 322
Injuries in appendicular
skeleton 394, 389
Insect bite 430f
Insulin 251
Interpretation of dengue IGM and
IGG 452t
Intestinal obstruction 189
Intracranial
pressure 34
injection 273
Intraocular pressure 75
Intraosseous access 94
Intussusception 189
IO in
distal
femur 96f
tibia 95f
proximal tibia 95f
Iron 309
ingestion management plan 313
Irreversible shock 25
K
Ketamine 74
L
Lactic acidosis 449
Laryngoscope blade 87t
Larynx 134
Left ventricular dysfunction 157
Leukocoria 401, 402f
Liver trauma 386
Lorazepam 73
Lower motor neuron 236
Lung contusion 385
M
Macroscopic hematuria 222
Management of
acute
epiglottitis 140
illness 490
onset limb weakness 239
airway foreign body 336
bronchiolitis 144
chronic heart failure 157
complete airway obstruction 337
cyanotic spell 154
heart failure due to
acute myocarditis 158
shunt lesions 159
hyperbilirubinemia in
healthy term infants 118f
in preterm infant 120f122f
sick term newborn infant 119f
hypertensive emergency 218
liver trauma 386
severe asthma 147
splenic trauma 387
Management plan
for acute variceal bleeding 201
for button battery ingestion 344
of acute painful hip 373
of paracetamol overdose 310
Meckel's diverticulitis 189
Mediastinal injury 385
Medications for pediatric resuscitation
and arrhythmias 22t
Meningitis 127
Meningococcal disease 426
Meperidine 71
Mesenteric lymphadenitis 189
Mesobuthus tamulus 281
Metabolic
and structural coma 32t
autopsy 494
diseases 127
Methadone 71
Midazolam 72
Middle ear
effusion 413
inflammation 413
Midgut malrotation 192
Migraine 225
with aura 226
without aura 226
Moderate hypothermia 108
Modified GCS 30t
Monteggia fracture dislocation 391f
Morphine 70
Moth balls 322
Mucopurulent discharge 405
Multiple air-fluid levels in straight
X-ray abdomen 191f
Muscle relaxants 77, 78, 91
N
Naphthalene 322
Narrow complex tachycardias 165
Nasal intubation 86
Needle pericardiocentesis 100
Neonatal
apnea 110
collapse 126
collapse algorithm 129
hemorrhage 110
Neonate under phototherapy 115f
Neuromuscular blocker use 79
Neuroparalysis 279
Noisy breathing 134, 135
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular
blockers 78, 79, 79t
Nonrespiratory causes of respiratory
distress 134
Nonurgent acute medical problems 13
Normal
chest X-ray 334
vital signs 10
O
Opioids 70
Optimize ABC 277
Organic acidemias 485
Organophosphorus compound 323
Orlowski's prognostic scoring
system 288
Oropharyngeal airway 85f
Otitis externa 412
Otomycosis 413
Oxygen
percentage with different
systems 45t
supplementation 44
P
Paddle size 174
Painful crisis 243
Pancreatic trauma 386
Paracetamol 307
Paralytic type of rabies 269t
Paraphimosis 476
Parkland formula 290
Partial airway obstruction 336
Pediatric
airway 84t
burns patients 290
cataract 402f
chest pain algorithm 178
musculoskeletal injuries 388
resuscitation equipment 3
Penile zipper entrapment injury 477
Penis and foreskin problems 475
Pericardial tamponade 385
Periocular infections 407
Peritoneal irritation 187
Pharmacotherapy of anaphylaxis 42t
Phenothiazines 325
Phimosis 476
Pneumothorax 385
Poisoning 303, 305
Postcraniotomy 458
Postexposure prophylaxis 270t
Potassium 49, 250
Prazosin 283
Primary
dengue infections 452
peritonitis 190
Procedure for pericardiocentesis 102f
Progressive degree of
hypothermia 297t
Prolonged
neonatal jaundice 113
QT syndrome 182
Prophylaxis 461
Propofol 76
Proximal tibia 94
Pruritus 72
Pseudotumor cerebri 227
Pulmonary blood flow 182
Pure petroleum distillates 321
Q
QRS complexes 165
R
Rabies immunoglobulin 271
Radiopaque foreign body in upper
airway 335
Raised intracranial pressure 28, 227
Rapid
onset limb weakness 235
sequence intubation 89
Red
blood cell 56
eye 403, 404f
flag 187
Refractory hypoglycemia 258
Rehydration 47
in acute gastroenteritis 47
Renal trauma 387
Respiratory
depression 73
distress 133
Resuscitation 15
Retinoblastoma 402f
Rewarming techniques 298
Right
basal lobe consolidation 455f
inguinal hernia in neonate 191f
Rigid fiberoptic bronchoscope 338
Rumack-Matthew nomogram 308f
S
Salbutamol 41
Salicylates 314
SCIWORA 382
Scorpion
envenomation 281
sting 281
Secondary dengue infections 452
Seizures 108
Selection of laryngoscope blade 86
Septic
arthritis 370
screen 203
Serious bacterial infection 441
Severe
abdominal pain 187
and complicated malaria 445
anemia 448
bleeding 198
hypothermia 107, 108
malaria 5, 44t
Severity of intoxication 314, 314t
Sexual abuse 358
Shaken baby syndrome 408
Shock 24, 48
Sick and well children 11t
Sickle cell disease and crisis 243
Simple bone cyst in humeral
diaphysis 390f
Sinus tachycardia and SVT 167t
Sinusitis 417
Skin
rash 422
test 279
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis 372
Snake bite 276
Sodium loss in various states of
dehydration 49t
Spinal
cord injury 375, 380
immobilization in children 376
Splenic trauma 386
Staphylococcal
and streptococcal TSS 480t, 481t
toxic shock syndrome 482
Status epilepticus 231
Stepwise management of
ARF 211
hypertension 218
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 432
Streptococcal toxic shock
syndrome 483
Stress ulcer 291
Subarachnoid hemorrhage 229
Succinylcholine 78
Suction catheter 87t
Sudden infant death syndrome 127
Superficial frostbite 300
Supraventricular
tachycardia 167, 169f
Syncope 37
T
Tachyarrhythmia 161
Tachycardia 163, 165
Target
lesion 433f
sign of intussusception in
abdominal USG 189f
Technique of cutting median bar of
zipper 477f
Ten affecting face 436f
Tension headache 229
Testicular trauma 196
Therapeutic products derived
from plasma 60t
Thoracolumbar spine X-rays in
multitrauma 379
Three classes of poisonous snakes 276
Torsion of testis 194
Tourniquet test 450
Toxic
doses of iron 311t
epidermal necrolysis 435
shock syndrome 479
Tracheobronchial injury 385
Transient synovitis 369
Transverse fracture of femoral
diaphysis 395f
Trauma 229, 405
Traumatic cataract with sphincter
tear 405f
Treatment of
acute otitis media 414
conjugated hyperbilirubinemia 115
Treatment priorities and stepwise assessment 26
Tricyclic antidepressants 327
Types of
antirabies vaccines 272
injury 363
shock 24
Typical
features of ten 436f
wheal in urticaria 429f
U
Ulnar fracture 391f
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia 115
Undisplaced spiral fracture
of tibia 396f
Upper
gastrointestinal bleeding 198
limb 394
motor neuron 236
Urea cycle disorders 485
Urinary tract infection 462
Urine 204
Urticaria 428, 428f
V
Vagal stimulation 169
Vancomycin 461
Ventricular tachycardia 171, 171f
Visible peristaltic waves 190f
Volume replacement
flow chart of dengue fever 453
in dehydration 48t
W
Water or calorie requirement 49t
White pupillary reflex 402f
WHO classification of bites 270
Wide-complex tachycardia 170
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