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The Pocketbook for Physiotherapists
Gitesh Amrohit
CHAPTER 1:
Pharmacology
ACETAZOLAMIDE
ACETYLCYSTEINE
ACICLOVIR
ADENOSINE
ADRENALINE/EPINEPHRINE
ALBENDAZOLE
ALENDRONATE
ALFENTANIL
ALLOPURINOL
AMIODARONE
AMINOPHYLINE
AMITRIPTYLINE
AMLODIPINE
AMOXICILLIN
AMPICILLIN
ALPRAZOLAM
ALENDRONATE
ASPIRIN
ATENOLOL
ATRACURIUM
ATROPINE
AZATHIOPRINE
BACLOFEN
BECLOMETHASONE
BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE/BENDROFLUAZIDE
BUDESONIDE
CALCITONIN
CAPTOPRIL
CARBAMAZEPINE
CELECOXIB
CHLORAMPHENICOL
CHLORPROMAZINE
CHLOROQUINE
CICLOSPORIN
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLOFAZIMINE
CLOMIPRAMINE
CLONIDINE
CODEINE PHOSPHATE
DAPSONE
DEXAMETHASONE
DIAZEPAM
DICLOFENAC
DIDANOSINE
DIGOXIN
DIHYDROCODEINE/DF 118
DILTIAZEM
DOBUTAMINE
DONEPEZIL
DOPAMINE
DORNASE ALFA
DOSULEPIN/DOTHIEPIN
DOXAPRAM
DOXYCYCLINE
ENALAPRIL
EFAVIRENZ
ERYTHROMYCIN
ETIDRONATE
FENTANYL
FERROUS SULPHATE
FLUCLOXACILLIN
FUROSEMIDE/FRUSEMIDE
GABAPENTIN
GATIFLOXACIN
GENTAMICIN
GLICLAZIDE
HALOPERIDOL
HEPARIN
HYDROCORTISONE
IBUPROFEN
INSULIN
INTERFERON
IPRATROPIUM
ISONIAZID
ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE
KETAMINE
LACTULOSE
LEVODOPA/L-DOPA
LIGNOCAINE/LIDOCAINE
LIQUID PARAFFIN
LISINOPRIL
MANNITOL
MELOXIAM
METFORMIN
METHOTREXATE
METHYLDOPA
METRONIDAZOLE
MIDAZOLAM
MORPHINE
NAPROXEN
NORFLOXACIN
OMEPRAZOLE
ONDANSETRON
ORPHENADRINE
OXYBUTININ
OXYTETRACYCLINE
PANCURONIUM
PARACETAMOL
PENICILLIN-G
PETHIDINE
PHENYTOIN
PIROXICAM
PREDNISOLONE
PROPRANOLOL
QUININE
RAMIPRIL
RANITIDINE
RIFAMPICIN
SALBUTAMOL
SALCATONIN
SENNA
STREPTOKINASE
STREPTOMYCIN
SULFASALAZINE
TETRACYCLINE
THEOPHYLLINE
TIMOLOL
TINIDAZOLE
TIZANIDINE
TOLTERODINE
TRAMADOL
TRAZODONE
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL/BENZHEXOL
VANCOMYCIN
VECURONIUM
VERAPAMIL
WARFARIN
ZALCITABINE
ZIDOVUDINE
LIST OF PHARMACOLOGY ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 2:
Electrotherapy
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROTHERAPY APPLICATION
RECEIVING THE PATIENT
CASESHEET READING
CHECKING GENERAL CONTRAINDICATIONS
ANTERIOR ASPECT OF NECK AND CAROTID SINUS
Tray Preparation
POSITIONING THE PATIENT
PLACEMENT OF ELECTRODES
INSTRUCTIONS AND WARNINGS
Instructions
Warnings
TREATMENT
TERMINATION OF TREATMENT
INTERFERENTIAL
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
SHORT WAVE DIATHERMY
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATIONS
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
LASER THERAPY
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
ULTRASOUND
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION (TENS)
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
IONTOPHORESIS
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
INFRARED RADIATION
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
PARAFFIN WAX BATH
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION (NMES)
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
MICROWAVE DIATHERMY
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
CRYOTHERAPY (COLD THERAPY)
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
HOT PACKS (HYDROCOLLATOR PACKS)/ELECTRIC HEATING PADS
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
WHIRLPOOL BATH
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
CONTRAST BATH
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
SAUNA BATH
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC BIOFEEDBACK
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATION
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
FLUIDOTHERAPY
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
INTERMITTENT PNEUMATIC COMPRESSION
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SKIN SENSATION TEST
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
CONTINUOUS PASSIVE MOTION
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
TRACTION
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
PRESCRIPTION WRITING
STRENGTH DURATION CURVE (FIGS 2.1 TO 2.5)
MOTOR POINTS (FIGS 2.6 TO 2.11)
CHAPTER 3:
Cardiorespiratory
CARDIORESPIRATORY ANATOMY ILLUSTRATIONS
SURFACE MARKING OF THE LUNGS
APEX
ANTERIOR BORDER OF RIGHT LUNG
INFERIOR BORDER OF RIGHT LUNG
POSTERIOR BORDER OF RIGHT LUNG
ANTERIOR BORDER OF LEFT LUNGS
INFERIOR AND POSTERIOR BORDER OF LEFT LUNG
FISSURES
Oblique
Horizontal
TRACHEAL BIFURCATION
DIAPHRAGM
Left
Right
RESPIRATORY VOLUMES AND CAPACITIES (FIG. 3.6)
LUNG VOLUMES
Tidal Volume (TV)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Residual Volume (RV)
Minimal Volume (MV)
LUNG CAPACITIES
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Vital Capacity (VC)
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL CYANOSIS
SPUTUM ANALYSIS
READINGS OF CHEST X-RAYS (FIGS 3.7A AND B)
DEFINITION
INDICATIONS
VIEW APPEARANCES
DATABASE
CHECKLIST
VIEWS
Posteroanterior (PA)
Anteroposterior (AP)
Lateral
Lateral Decubitus
Apicogram or Lardotic
Expiratory Film
Trendelenburg
Oblique
NORMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A CHEST X-RAY—PA VIEW
COMMON ABNORMALITIES IN X-RAYS
ABNORMAL ECG FINDINGS
PERCUSSION NOTE
TECHNIQUE
BELL TYMPANY
AUSCULTATION
BREATH SOUNDS
ABNORMAL BREATH SOUNDS (FIG. 3.9)
Causes
VOCAL RESONANCE
Normal
Abnormal
ADVENTITIOUS SOUNDS
Rhonchi or Wheezes
Crepitation or Crackles
Pleural Rub
Stridor
PALPATION OF PULSES
COMMON LOCATIONS
APGAR SCORING METHOD
SCORE
POSTURAL DRAINAGE
ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF POSTURAL DRAINAGE (FIGS 3.21 TO 3.23)
CONTRAINDICATIONS
MANUAL CHEST CLEARANCE TECHNIQUE
AIM
PERCUSSION RATE
MODIFICATIONS OF TECHNIQUES FOR PEDIATRICS PATIENTS
PRECAUTIONS
SUCTIONING
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
MODES OF ENTRY
PRECAUTIONS
HAZARDS
FORCED EXPIRATORY TECHNIQUES
INDICATIONS
TRACHEOSTOMIES
FUNCTIONS
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATION
TYPES OF TRACHEOSTOMY
Types of Tube
Complications
Advice at Discharge
AEROSOL THERAPY
TYPES OF NEBULIZER
Pneumatic Jet
Ultrasonic
PATIENT'S POSITION
USES
HAZARDS
HUMIDITY
INDICATIONS
METHODS
HAZARDS
LUNG FUNCTION TEST
USES
TESTS
In Field
In Laboratory
TEST PROTOCOLS
AMBULATORY MANUAL BREATHING UNIT (AMBU) BAG
MANUAL HYPERINFLATION
CONTRAINDICATIONS
ADVERSE EFFECTS
CARDIORESPIRATORY MONITORING
ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE (ABP)
CARDIAC OUTPUT
STROKE VOLUME
MINUTE VOLUME
CARDIAC INDEX
HEART RATE
CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE
CEREBRAL PERFUSION PRESSURE (CPP)
INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE (PAP)
RESPIRATORY RATE
EJECTION FRACTION
VENTILATIONS
SYNCHRONIZED INTERMITTENT MANDATORY VENTILATION (SIMV)
INTERMITTENT MANDATORY VENTILATION (IMV)
CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (CPAP)
POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE (PEEP)
INTERMITTENT POSITIVE PRESSURE BREATHING (IPPB)
CONTROLLED MECHANICAL VENTILATION (CMV)
BIPHASIC POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (BIPAP)
HIGH FREQUENCY VENTILATION (HFV)
Types
ASSIST—CONTROL MODE VENTILATION (A/C MODE)
PRESSURE CONTROLLED VENTILATION (PCV)
PRESSURE SUPPORT (PS)
NONINVASIVE VENTILATION (NIV)
RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGIES
ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (ARDS)
Causes
Clinical Features
ATELECTASIS OF LUNG
Causes
Clinical Features
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Types
Clinical Features
BRONCHIECTASIS
Causes
Types
Clinical Features
BRONCHITIS
Types
Clinical Features
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
Clinical Features
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Clinical Features
EMPHYSEMA
Clinical Features
EMPYEMA
Clinical Features
HEMOTHORAX
Clinical Features
LUNG ABSCESS
Clinical Features
PLEURAL EFFUSION
Types
Clinical Features
PLEURISY: INFLAMMATION OF PLEURA
Causes
Clinical Features
PNEUMONIA
Types
Clinical Features
PNEUMOTHORAX
Causes
Types
Clinical Features
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Clinical Features
PULMONARY EDEMA
Cause
Clinical Features
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Types
Clinical Features
RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Types
Clinical Features
SARCOIDOSIS
Clinical Features
SLEEP APNEA
Clinical Features
Complication
NORMAL VALUES
ARTERIAL BLOOD
VENOUS BLOOD
VENTILATION/PERFUSION
PRESSURES
BLOOD VALUES AND THEIR INTERFERING FACTORS
WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBCS)
NEUTROPHIL
EOSINOPHIL
RED BLOOD CELLS (RBCS)
ESR
BLOOD UREA NITROGEN (BUN)
URIC ACID
RESPIRATORY ASSESSMENT
FROM CHARTS
ON OBSERVATION
GLOSSARY OF CARDIORESPIRATORY TERMS
CHAPTER 4:
Neurology
NEUROANATOMY ILLUSTRATIONS
ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE (FIGS 4.1 TO 4.8)
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CEREBROVASCULAR LESIONS
MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY
ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
LOCALIZATION OF LESION AND THEIR SIGNS OF IMPAIRMENT
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HEMORRHAGE TO OTHER AREAS OF THE BRAIN
BASAL GANGLIA
Nuclei
Clinical Manifestations
MYOTOMES
DERMATOMES (FIG. 4.9)
UPPER QUARTER SCREEN
LOWER QUARTER SCREEN
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
AXILLARY NERVE (C5, C6)
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE (C5, C6)
RADIAL NERVE (C6, C7, C8, T1)
MEDIAN NERVE (C6, C7, C8, T1)
ULNAR NERVE (C8, T1)
FEMORAL NERVE (L2, L3, L4)
OBTURATOR NERVE (L2, L3, L4)
SCIATIC NERVE (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3)
TIBIAL NERVE (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3)
COMMON PERONEAL NERVE (L4, L5, S1, S2)
SPLINTS USED FOR VARIOUS NERVE INJURIES
VERTEBRAE AND CORRESPONDING SPINAL SEGMENT RELATIONSHIP
DESCENDING TRACTS (FIG. 4.10)
ASCENDING TRACTS (FIG. 4.10)
NEUROLOGICAL TESTS
ALTERNATE NOSE-TO-FINGER TEST
FINGER-TO-NOSE TEST
FINGER-TO-FINGER TEST
HEEL-SHIN TEST
ALTERNATE HEEL-TO-KNEE TEST
HOFFMANN REFLEX
JOINT POSITION SENSE (KINESTHESIA)
LIGHT TOUCH
PIN-PRICK (PAIN)
RAPIDLY ALTERNATING MOVEMENT
TEMPERATURE
VIBRATION SENSE
TWO-POINT DISCRIMINATION
ROMBERG'S TEST
SHARPENED ROMBERG'S TEST
OTHER BALANCE TESTS
CRANIAL NERVES
ORIGINATION OF NERVE
TYPES OF NERVE
REFLEXES
DEEP TENDON REFLEXES
SUPERFICIAL REFLEXES
PATHOLOGICAL REFLEXES
DIFFERENCES OF UPPER MOTOR NEURON AND LOWER MOTOR NEURON LESIONS
GLASGOW COMA SCALE
EYE OPEN
BEST VERBAL RESPONSE
BEST MOTOR RESPONSE
SCORE
MODIFIED ASHWORTH SCALE FOR GRADING SPASTICITY
NEUROLOGICAL PATHOLOGIES
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Clinical Features
ARACHNOIDITIS
Clinical Features
ANTERIOR CORD SYNDROME
Clinical Features
BELL'S PALSY
Clinical Features
BROCA'S DYSPHASIA
Clinical Features
BROWN-SEQUARD SYNDROME
Clinical Features
BULBAR PALSY
Clinical Features
CEREBRAL PALSY
Clinical Features
CENTRAL CORD SYNDROME
Clinical Features
CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE
Clinical Features
DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
Clinical Features
GUILLAIN-BARRé SYNDROME (GBS)
Clinical Features
HEMIPLEGIA
Clinical Features
HORNER'S SYNDROME
Clinical Features
HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE
Clinical Features
HYDROCEPHALUS
Clinical Features
LOCKED-IN SYNDROME
Clinical Features
MENINGITIS
Clinical Features
MOTOR NEURON DISEASE
Clinical Features
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Clinical Features
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Clinical Features
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
Clinical Features
PARKINSONISM
Clinical Features
POLIOMYELITIS
Clinical Features
POSTERIOR CORD SYNDROME
Clinical Features
POSTPOLIO SYNDROME
Clinical Features
PSEUDOBULBAR PALSY
Clinical Features
SACRAL SPARING
Clinical Features
SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIS (SMA)
STROKE/CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT
Clinical Features
TRANSVERSE MYELITIS
Clinical Features
TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
Clinical Features
WERNICKE'S DYSPHASIA
Clinical Features
NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
GENERAL EXAMINATION
On Observation
On Palpation
On Examination
STATES OF HIGHER FUNCTION
SENSORY ASSESSMENT
GLOSSARY OF NEUROLOGICAL TERMS
CHAPTER 5:
Musculoskeletal
MUSCLES LISTED BY FUNCTION
SHOULDER
ELBOW
WRIST
FINGERS
THUMB
HIP
KNEE
ANKLE
TOES
SCAPULA
HEAD AND NECK
TRUNK
MANUAL MUSCLE TESTING GRADING
ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF THE MUSCLES
ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (FOOT)
ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (HAND)
ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS
ADDUCTOR BREVIS
ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS
ADDUCTOR LONGUS
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
ADDUCTOR POLLICIS
ANCONEUS
BICEPS BRACHII
BICEPS FEMORIS
BRACHIALIS
BRACHIORADIALIS
CORACOBRACHIALIS
DELTOID
DIAPHRAGM
DORSAL INTEROSSEI (FOOT)
DORSAL INTEROSSEI (HAND)
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
EXTENSOR INDICIS
EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS
EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS (FOOT)
FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS (HAND)
FLEXOR DIGITORUM ACCESSORIUS
FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS
FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS
FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS
FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS
GASTROCNEMIUS
GEMELLUS INFERIOR
GEMELLUS SUPERIOR
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
GLUTEUS MEDIUS
GLUTEUS MINIMUS
GRACILIS
ILIACUS
ILIOCOSTALIS CERVICIS
ILIOCOSTALIS LUMBORUM
ILIOCOSTALIS THORACIS
INFERIOR OBLIQUE
INFRASPINATUS
INTERCOSTALIS EXTERNI
INTERCOSTALIS INTERNI
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
INTERSPINALIS
INTERTRANSVERSARII
ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS
In the female
In the male
LATERAL CRICOARYTENOID
LATISSIMUS DORSI
LEVATOR SCAPULAE
LONGISSIMUS CAPITIS
LONGISSIMUS CERVICIS
LONGISSIMUS THORACIS
LONGUS CAPITIS
LONGUS COLLI
LUMBRICALS (FOOT)
LUMBRICALS (HAND)
MULTIFIDUS
OBTURATOR EXTERNUS
OBTURATOR INTERNUS
OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI
OPPONENS POLLICIS
PALMAR INTEROSSEI
PALMARIS LONGUS
PECTINEUS
PECTORALIS MAJOR
PECTORALIS MINOR
PERONEUS BREVIS
PERONEUS LONGUS
PERONEUS TERTIUS
PIRIFORMIS
PLANTAR INTEROSSEI
PLANTARIS
POPLITEUS
PRONATOR QUADRATUS
PRONATOR TERES
PSOAS MAJOR
PSOAS MINOR (NOT ALWAYS PRESENT)
QUADRATUS FEMORIS
QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
RECTUS CAPITIS ANTERIOR
RECTUS CAPITIS LATERALIS
RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR
RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR
RECTUS FEMORIS
RHOMBOID MAJOR
RHOMBOID MINOR
ROTATORES
SARTORIUS
SCALENUS ANTERIOR
SCALENUS MEDIUS
SCALENUS POSTERIOR
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS
SEMISPINALIS CERVICIS
SEMISPINALIS THORACIS
SEMITENDINOSUS
SERRATUS ANTERIOR
SOLEUS
SPINALIS (CAPITIS, CERVICIS, THORACIS)
SPLENIUS CAPITIS
SPLENIUS CERVICALS
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
SUBSCAPULARIS
SUPERIOR OBLIQUE
SUPINATOR
SUPRASPINATUS
TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
TERES MAJOR
TERES MINOR
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
TIBIALIS POSTERIOR
TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
TRAPEZIUS
TRICEPS BRACHII
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
VASTUS LATERALIS
VASTUS MEDIALIS
JOINT RANGE OF MOVEMENT
TYPES OF GONIOMETER
RANGE OF MOTION FOR VARIOUS JOINTS
Shoulder
Elbow
Forearm
Wrist
MCP
PIP
DIP
Thumb
HIP
Knee
Ankle
MTP
Intraphalangeal
Cervical Spine
Thoracic and Lumbar Spine
MEASURING PROCEDURES
Shoulder Joint
Elbow Joint
Radioulnar Joint
Wrist Joint
MCP
PIP
Hip Joint
Knee Joint
Ankle Joint
Subtalar Joint
Cervical Spine
Thoraco-lumbar Spine
COMMON MUSCULOSKELETAL TESTS
CERVICAL SPINE
Distraction Test
Quadrant Test
Romberg's Test
Sharp-Purser Test
Spurling's Test
Upper Limb Tension Test
THORACIC SPINE
Slump Test
LUMBAR SPINE
Brudzinski-Kernig Test
Farfan Torsion Test
Quadrant Test
Slump Test
Straight Leg Raise Test
SHOULDER JOINT
Anterior Drawer Test
Clunk Test
Crank (Anterior Apprehension) Test
Droparm Test/Codman's Test
Duga's Test
Empty Can Test
Hamilton Ruler Test
Hawkins-Kennedy Test
Jerk Test
Neer Impingement Test
Posterior Drawer Test
Speeds Test
Sulcus Sign
ELBOW JOINT
Cozen's Test
Elbow Flexion Test
Jug Test
Lateral Epicondylitis Test (Tennis Elbow)
Pinch Grip Test
Valgus Stress Test
Varus Stress Test
WRIST JOINT AND HAND
Finkelstein's Test
Liniburg's Test
Lunotriquetral Ballottement Test (Reagan's Test)
Murphy's Sign
Phalen's (Wrist Flexion) Test
Reverse Phalen's Test
Sweater Finger Sign
Thoment's Sign
Tinel's Sign
Waston (Scaphoid Shift) Test
PELVIS
Anterior Gapping Test
Gaenslen's Test
Gillets Test
Hibb's Test
Laguere's Sign
Piedallu's Signs (Sitting Flexion)
Posterior Gapping Test
Standing Flexion
Supine-to-Set (Long Sitting) Test
HIP JOINT
Anterior Labral Tear Test
Ober's Sign
Patrick's Test (Faber's Test)
Posterior Labral Tear Test
Rectus Femoris Contracture Test
Thomas Test
Trendelenburg's Sign
KNEE JOINT
Abduction (Valgus) Stress Test
Adduction (Varus) Stress Test
Anterior Drawer Test
Apley's Test
Brush Test
External Rotation Recurvatum Test
Fairbank's Apprehension Test
Hughston Plica Test
Lachman's Test
McMurray Test
Posterior Drawer Test
Posterior Sag Test
Slocum Test for Anterolateral Rotatory Instability
Slocum Test for Anterolateral Rotary Instability
ANKLE JOINT AND FOOT
Anterior Drawer Test
Squeeze Test of Leg
Talar Tilt
Thompson's Test
MUSCULOSKELETAL PATHOLOGIES
ACHONDROPLASIA
Clinical Features
ALBERS-SCHöNBERG DISEASE
Clinical Features
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
Clinical Features
ARTHROGRYPOSIS MULTIPLEX CONGENITA
Clinical Features
BAKER'S CYST
Clinical Features
BURSITIS
Clinical Features
CONGENITAL TALIPES EQUINOVARUS (CTEV)
Clinical Features
CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME
Clinical Features
COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
Clinical Features
CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF HIP
Clinical Features
DE QUERVAIN'S DISEASE
Clinical Features
DUPUYTREN'S CONTRACTURE
Clinical Features
FIBROSITIS
Clinical Features
FIBROMYALGIA
Clinical Features
GOLFER'S ELBOW (MEDIAL EPICONDYLITIS)
Clinical Features
MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS
Clinical Features
OSTEOARTHRITIS
Clinical Features
OSTEOCHONDRITIS
Perthes' Disease
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Osteochondritis Dissecans
Scheuermann's Disease
OSTEOMALACIA
Clinical Features
OSTEOMYELITIS
Clinical Features
PAGET'S DISEASE
Clinical Features
POLYARTERITIS NODOSA
Clinical Features
POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA
Clinical Features
POLYMYOSITIS
Clinical Features
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Clinical Features
SPONDYLOLISTHESIS
Clinical Features
SPONDYLOLYSIS
Clinical Features
SPONDYLOSIS
Clinical Features
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOUS
Clinical Features
SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS
Clinical Features
TENNIS ELBOW
Clinical Features
TENOSYNOVITIS
Clinical Features
THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME
Clinical Features
GRADES OF SPRAIN AND TREATMENT
TREATMENT
Prices
STAGES OF FRACTURE HEALING
HEMATOMA FORMATION
CELLULAR PROLIFERATION
STAGE OF CALCIFICATION
NEW BONE FORMATION
REMODELING STAGE
FRACTURES WITH EPONYMS
BARTON'S FRACTURE
COLLES' FRACTURE
Common Injuries Associated Colles' Fracture
Treatment
GALEAZZI FRACTURE—DISLOCATION
MONTEGGIA'S FRACTURE—DISLOCATION
Types
Treatment
SMITH'S FRACTURE
BENNETT'S FRACTURE—DISLOCATION
Treatment
MALLET FRACTURE
ROLADO'S FRACTURE
BUMPER FRACTURE
Treatment
MUSCULOSKELETAL ASSESSMENT
ON OBSERVATION
ON PALPATION
ON EXAMINATION
CHAPTER 6:
Miscellaneous
DIAGNOSTIC/ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC TESTING
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
Indications
Contraindications
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
Advantages
Disadvantages
ULTRASOUND
Advantages
Disadvantages
RADIOGRAPHY
USES
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG)
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG)
NERVE CONDUCTION STUDIES (NCV)
EVOKED POTENTIALS (EP)
NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION (PNF)
TECHNIQUE
COMMON SPORTS INJURIES
SHOULDER JOINT AND ARM
ELBOW AND FOREARM
WRIST AND HAND
HIP AND THIGH
KNEE AND LEG
ANKLE AND FOOT
TYPES OF APHASIA
GAIT
GAIT TERMINOLOGY
GAIT ASSESSMENT
ABNORMAL GAIT
LEVELS OF AMPUTATIONS (FIGS 6.1 AND 6.2)
ABBREVIATIONS
OTHER IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
NORMAL REFERENCE/LAB VALUES
HEMATOLOGY
CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY
OTHER BODY FLUIDS
Urine Examination
Stool Examination
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Body Volume
NOTES
INDEX
TOC
Index
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