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Magnetic Resonance Neurography
Avneesh Chhabra, Gustav Andreisek
CHAPTER 1:
NERVE ANATOMY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, NERVE INJURY AND ENTRAPMENT
INTRODUCTION
NERVE ANATOMY
SPECTRUM OF NERVE PATHOLOGIES
Based on Etiology
Based on Anatomic Site
NERVE INJURY
NERVE ENTRAPMENT
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 2:
MAGNETIC RESONANCE NEUROGRAPHY TECHNIQUE
INTRODUCTION
ESSENTIALS OF GOOD MAGNETIC RESONANCE NEUROGRAPHY TECHNIQUE
Low Field Scanner Technique
High Field Scanner Technique
Gadolinium Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Neurography
Diffusion-Based Magnetic Resonance Neurography
FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE NEUROGRAPHY
AUTHORS’ PROPOSAL FOR HIGH RESOLUTION MAGNETIC RESONANCE NEUROGRAPHY TECHNIQUE
MAGNETIC RESONANCE NEUROGRAPHY TECHNIQUE FAILURE
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3:
MAGNETIC RESONANCE NEUROGRAPHY INTERPRETATION
INTRODUCTION
ROLE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE NEUROGRAPHY
MAGNETIC RESONANCE NEUROGRAPHY INTERPRETATION APPROACH
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging/Fiber Tractography Evaluation
MAGNETIC RESONANCE NEUROGRAPHY INTERPRETATION PITFALLS
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4:
MAGNETIC RESONANCE NEUROGRAPHY OF TUNNELS—PART I: UPPER EXTREMITY NERVES
INTRODUCTION
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT OF TUNNELS
MEDIAN NERVE—ANATOMY, LESIONS AND ASSOCIATED TUNNEL SYNDROMES
Anatomy
Lesions
Supracondylar Spur and Ligament of Struthers
Pronator Syndrome
Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome (Kiloh Nevin Syndrome)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
ULNAR NERVE—ANATOMY, LESIONS AND ASSOCIATED TUNNEL SYNDROMES
Anatomy
Lesions
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Arcade of Struthers
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Guyon's Canal
RADIAL NERVE—ANATOMY, LESIONS AND ASSOCIATED TUNNEL SYNDROMES
Anatomy
Lesions
Spiral Groove Syndrome
Radial Tunnel Syndrome
Posterior Interosseous Nerve (Supinator) Syndrome
Wartenberg Syndrome (Cheiralgia Paresthetica)
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5:
MAGNETIC RESONANCE NEUROGRAPHY OF TUNNELS—PART II: LOWER EXTREMITY NERVES
INTRODUCTION
SCIATIC NERVE—ANATOMY, LESIONS AND ASSOCIATED TUNNEL SYNDROMES
Anatomy
Lesions
Piriformis Syndrome
FEMORAL NERVE—ANATOMY AND LESIONS
Anatomy
Lesions
COMMON PERONEAL NERVE—ANATOMY, LESIONS AND ASSOCIATED TUNNEL SYNDROMES
Anatomy
Lesions
TIBIAL NERVE—ANATOMY, LESIONS AND ASSOCIATED TUNNEL SYNDROMES
Anatomy
Lesions
Proximal Tibial Neuropathy and Soleal Sling Syndrome
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Medial Plantar Neuropathy (Medial Plantar Tunnel/Lower Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome)
Lateral Plantar Neuropathy (Lateral Plantar Tunnel/ Lower Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome)
Interdigital Neuropathy (Morton's Neuroma)
Medial Plantar Proper Digital Neuropathy (Joplin's Neuroma)
Calcaneal Neuropathy (Tunnel Syndrome)
Sural Neuropathy
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6:
PERIPHERAL NERVE TUMOR AND TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS
INTRODUCTION
FOCAL MASS LESIONS
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Perineurioma
Neurolymphoma
Morton's Neuroma
Traumatic Neuroma
Ganglion Cyst
Fibrolipomatous Hamartoma
Endometriosis
Amyloidosis
DIFFUSE PERIPHERAL NERVE LESIONS
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Inflammatory Neuritis
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
Chronic Infectious Lepromatous Neuropathy
Hereditary Neuropathy
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 7:
BRACHIAL PLEXUS
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY
Magnetic Resonance Neurography Appearance of the Normal and Abnormal Brachial Plexus
BRACHIAL PLEXUS LESIONS AND ASSOCIATED SYNDROMES
Supraclavicular Lesion Etiologies
Clinical Features
Infraclavicular Lesion Etiologies
Clinical Features
Panplexus Lesion Etiologies
Brachial Plexus Injuries
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Tumor and Tumor Variants
Radiation Neuropathy
BRACHIAL PLEXITIS
Peripheral Branch Nerves of Brachial Plexus
Suprascapular Nerve (C5,6)
Axillary Nerve (C5,6)
Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5,6,7)
Long Thoracic Nerve (C5,6,7)
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 8:
LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS
INTRODUCTION
LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS ANATOMY
Lumbosacral Plexopathy
Magnetic Resonance Neurography Appearance of Normal Lumbosacral Plexus
Magnetic Resonance Neurography Appearances of Lumbosacral Plexopathy
Diabetic Plexopathy (Amyotrophy)
Traumatic Plexopathy
Retroperitoneal Hematoma
Neoplastic Lesions
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Radiation Plexopathy
PERIPHERAL BRANCH NERVES OF LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS
Iliohypogastric Nerve (T12–L1)
Ilioinguinal Nerve (L1)
Genitofemoral Nerve (L1, 2)
Obturator Nerve (L2–4)
Femoral Nerve (L2, 3, 4)
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (L2, 3)
Sciatic Nerve (L4–S3)
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (S1, 2, 3)
Pudendal Plexus (S2–4, C1)
Superior and Inferior Gluteal Nerves (L4–S2)
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9:
MR GUIDED INJECTIONS
INTRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE GUIDED INJECTIONS
Limitations, Challenges and Reliability of Magnetic Resonance Guided Injections
MAGNETIC RESONANCE GUIDED INJECTION TECHNIQUE
Commonly Performed Perineural and Intramuscular Injections
CONCLUSION
Abbreviations
INDEX
TOC
Index
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