Hot Topic
Academic Editor Suraj Gupte
Executive Editors Shamma-Bakshi Gupte
Manu Gupte
- Recent Advances in Pediatrics (RAP): Hot Topics (General/Miscellaneous Pediatrics)Vol 20 (2011), Vol 19 (2010), Vol 18 (2009), Vol 17 (2007), Vol 16 (2006), Vol 15 (2005), Vol 14 (2004), Vol 13 (2003), Vol 12 (2002), Vol 11 (2001), Vol 10 (2000), Vol 9 (1999), Vol 8 (1998), Vol 7 (1997), Vol 6 (1996), Vol 5 (1995), Vol 4 (1994), Vol 3 (1993), Vol 2 (1992), Vol 1 (1991)
- Recent Advances in Pediatrics (RAP): Special VolumesRAP Special Vol 24: Respiratory DiseasesRAP Special Vol 23: Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionRAP Special Vol 22: Immunology, Infections and ImmunizationRAP Special Vol 21: Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive CareRAP Special Vol 20: Nutrition, Growth and DevelopmentRAP Special Vol 19: Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsRAP Special Vol 18: Pediatric NeurologyRAP Special Vol 17: AdolescenceRAP Special Vol 16: Pediatric CardiologyRAP Special Vol 15: NephrologyRAP Special Vol 14: Critical Care PediatricsRAP Special Vol 13: Pediatric EndocrinologyRAP Special Vol 12: Neonatal EmergenciesRAP Special Vol 11: Community PediatricsRAP Special Vol 10: PulmonologyRAP Special Vol 09: NeurologyRAP Special Vol 08: Emergency PediatricsRAP Special Vol 07: HematologyRAP Special Vol 06: Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionRAP Special Vol 05: Neonatology − 2RAP Special Vol 04: NeonatologyRAP Special Vol 03: Tropical Pediatrics − 2RAP Special Vol 02: Tropical PediatricsRAP Special Vol 01: Nutrition, Growth and Development
- Recent Advances in Pediatrics (RAP) Volumes in PipelineRAP 22: Hot Topics (General/Miscellaneous Pediatrics)RAP Special Vol 25: Perspectives in Neonatology
Other Books by Prof (Dr) Suraj Gupte
- The Short Textbook of Pediatrics, 11th edition, 2009
- Differential Diagnosis in Pediatrics, 5th edition, 2009
- Instructive Case Studies in Pediatrics, 5th edition, 2011
- Pediatric Drug Directory, 8th edition, 2013
Hot Topic
Academic Editor Suraj Gupte MD FIAP
Professor and Head Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics Mamata Medical College/Mamata General and Superspecialty Hospitals
Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
E-mail: drsurajgupte@gmail.com, surajgupte@rediffmail.com recentadvances@yahoo.co.uk Website: www.drsurajgupte.com
Honorary Director: Pediatric Education Network
Editor: The Short Textbook of Pediatrics; Textbooks of Pediatric Emergencies, Neonatal Emergencies, Pediatric Nutrition, and Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Influenza: Complete Spectrum, Towards MRCPCH Part II (Theory) Examination, Pediatric Yearbook (Series), Newer Horizons in Tropical Pediatrics, etc.
Author: Differential Diagnosis in Pediatrics, Instructive Case Studies in Pediatrics, Influenza, Perspectives in Influenza, Pediatric Drug Directory, Infant Feeding, Speaking of Child Care, The Baby Book: The Parents' Guide from Birth to Infancy
Co-editor: Asian Journal of Maternity and Child Health (Manila, Philippines)
Section and Guest Editor: Pediatrics Today (New Delhi)
Editorial Advisor: Asian Journal of Pediatrics Practice (New Delhi)
Editorial Advisory Board Member/Reviewer: Indian Journal of Pediatrics (New Delhi), Indian Pediatrics (New Delhi), Synopsis (Detroit, USA), Indian Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (Jaipur), Maternal and Child Nutrition (Preston, UK), Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (Turkey)
Examiner: National Board of Examinations (NBE) for DNB, New Delhi; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh; Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar; Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi, India
Pediatric Faculty Selection Expert: All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Punjab Public Service Commission, Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission, Union Public Service Commission, etc.
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© 2013, Shamma-Bakshi Gupte/Manu Gupte (Executive Editors)
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This book has been published in good faith that the contents provided by the author contained herein are original, and is intended for educational purposes only. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy of information, the publisher and the editor specifically disclaim any damage, liability, or loss incurred, directly or indirectly, from the use or application of any of the contents of this work. If not specifically stated, all figures and tables are courtesy of the author. Where appropriate, the readers should consult with a specialist or contact the manufacturer of the drug or device.
Recent Advances in Pediatrics–21: Hot Topics
First Edition: 2013
9789350257746
Printed at
5Dedicated to
My dear parents whose inspiration, motivation, blessings and moral support continue to contribute a great deal of our academic endeavors and everybody striving to contribute to child health and welfare for a brighter future globally
- Bratati Banerjee
- Associate Professor
- Department of Community Medicine
- Maulana Azad Medical College
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 21: The Metabolic Syndrome–Stomp the Spark
- Sriparna Basu
- Associate Professor in Neonatology and Perinatology
- Department of Pediatrics
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Banaras Hindu University (BHU)
- Varanasi, UP, India
- Ch 10: Developmentally Supportive Care in the Preterm Neonates
- Ch 11: Proteomics in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
- B Bharathi
- Resident
- Department of Pediatrics
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)
- Puducherry, India
- Ch 2: Infection, Inflammation, and Perinatal Asphyxia
- Javeed Iqbal Bhat
- Senior Resident
- Department of Pediatrics
- Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS)
- Srinagar, J&K, India
- Ch 6: Intrauterine Growth Retardation
- B Vishnu Bhat
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)
- Puducherry, India
- Ch 2: Infection, Inflammation, and Perinatal Asphyxia
- Anjan Bhattacharya
- Consultant Developmental Pediatrician
- Child Development Center
- Apollo Geleneagles Hospital
- Kolkata, WB, India
- Ch 20: Conversion Disorder and Hysteria–A Cry for Help!
- Bashir A Charoo
- Additional Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS)
- Srinagar, J&K, India
- Ch 6: Intrauterine Growth Retardation
- Dinesh Kumar Chirla
- Director
- Intensive Care Service
- Rainbow Children's Hospital and Perinatal Center
- Hyderabad, AP, India
- Ch 3: Neonatal Transport.
- Ch 25: Toxic Shock Syndrome
- Sudhanshu Kumar Das
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Konaseema Institute of Medical Science and Research Foundation
- Amalapuram, AP, India
- Ch 7: Neonatal Sepsis: Trends in Diagnosis and Management
- Anjul Dayal
- Consultant Pediatric Intensivist
- Lotus Children's Hospital
- Hyderabad, AP, India
- Ch 23: Management of Raised Intracranial Pressure
- Urmila Deshmukh
- Consultant Pediatrician and Research Associate
- King Edward Memorial Hospital and Research Center
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Ch 15: Severe Acute Malnutrition: Therapeutic Strides
- Maninder Dhaliwal
- Consultant
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation
- Medanta the Medicity Hospital
- Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Ch 18: Acute Liver Failure
- KE Elizabeth
- Consultant Nutritionist and Geneticist
- Professor of Pediatrics
- Medical College and SAT Hospital
- Trivandrum, Kerala, India
- Ch 14: Nutritional Deficiencies in Obesity: The Cause or the Effect
- Ch 27: Edible Vaccines
- Ajay Gaur
- Associate Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- GR Medical College
- Gwalior, MP, India
- Ch 16: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Vinesh Gupta
- Adolescent Forensic Psychiatrist
- Section Head, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
- Director, Division of Child Psychiatry
- University of Alberta
- Alberta, Canada
- Ch 19: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Novy Gupte
- Senior Resident
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- Government Medical College and Associated Hospitals
- Jammu, J&K, India
- Ch 29: Pediatric Pharmacotherapy: Special Aspects in Nutshell
- Ch 31: Pharmacotherapy of Pediatric Malaria
- Suraj Gupte
- Professor and Head
- Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics
- Mamata Medical College/Mamata General and Superspecialty Hospitals
- Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Ch 29: Pediatric Pharmacotherapy: Special Aspects in Nutshell
- Ch 31: Pharmacotherapy of Pediatric Malaria
- C Harihar
- Professor and Head
- Department of Psychiatry
- Narayana Medical College and Hospitals
- Nellore, AP, India
- Ch 30: Pharmacotherapy in Child Psychiatry
- Gopakumar Hariharan
- Neonatal Registrar
- Women's and Children's Hospital and Flinder's Medical Center
- Adelaide, Australia
- Ch 5: Neonatal Anemia
- Ch 27: Edible Vaccines
- Abida Jan
- Senior Research Fellow in Pediatric Pharmacotherapy
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
- London, United Kingdom
- Ch 31: Pharmacotherapy of Pediatric Malaria
- Umesh Kapil
- Professor and Head
- Public Health Nutrition
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 13: Vitamin A Deficiency Disorders: Diagnosis and their Assessment
- Gibby Koshy
- Research Associate and PhD Scholar
- Child and Reproductive Health Research Group
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
- Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Ch 27: Edible Vaccines
- Ashok Kumar
- Professor
- Division of Neonatology
- Department of Pediatrics
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Banaras Hindu University (BHU)
- Varanasi, UP, India
- Ch 10: Developmentally Supportive Care in Preterm Neonates
- Ch 11: Proteomics in Fetal
- Preetham Kumar
- Consultant Neonatologist and Pediatric Intensivist
- Rainbow Children's Hospital
- Secunderabad, AP, India
- Ch 3: Neonatal Transport
- Vishesh Kumar
- Health and Human Right Expert
- Sub-Regional Team Leader-Cum-OSD
- World Health Organization, NPSP (India)
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 28: Newer and Future Vaccines
- Deepak Louis
- Senior Resident
- Neonatal Unit
- Department of Pediatrics
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)
- Chandigarh, India
- Ch 9: Air Leaks in Newborns: A Neonatologist's Nightmare!
- Neelam Mohan
- Director
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation
- Medanta the Medicity Hospital
- Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Ch 18: Acute Liver Failure
- Kanya Mukhopadhyay
- Additional Professor
- Neonatal Unit
- Department of Pediatrics
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)
- Chandigarh, India
- Ch 1: Long-term Follow-up of High-risk Neonates
- Ch 9: Air Leaks in Newborns: A Neonatologist's Nightmare!
- PV Pradeep
- Associate Professor
- Department of Surgical Endocrinology
- Narayana Medical College and Superspeciality Hospital
- Nellore, AP, India
- Ch 22: Pediatric Thyroid Disorders
- Ch 29: Pediatric Pharmacotherapy: Special Aspects in Nutshell
- Sanjay Prabhu
- Director
- Neoplus Children Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Ch 12: Infant Feeding Revisited
- Shakuntala S Prabhu
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- BJ Wadia Hospital for Children
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Ch 12: Infant Feeding Revisited
- Rajniti Prasad
- Associate Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Banaras Hindu University (BHU)
- Varanasi, UP, India
- Ch 17: Chronic Abdominal Pain
- VSV Prasad
- Chief Consultant Neonatologist and Pediatric Intensivist
- Lotus Children's Hospital
- Hyderabad, AP, India
- Ch 23: Management of Raised Intracranial Pressure
- Ch 24: Acute Renal Failure in Children
- Ch 26: Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- M Ragavan
- Consultant Pediatric Surgeon and Director
- Department of Pediatric Surgery
- MIOT Hospital
- Chennai, TN, India
- Ch 4: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
- J Leenatha Reddy
- Consultant Pediatric Endocrinologist
- Lotus Children's Hospital
- Hyderabad, AP, India
- Ch 26: Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- Farhan Shaikh
- Consultant Pediatric Intensivist
- Rainbow Children's Hospital
- Hyderabad, AP, India
- Ch 25: Toxic Shock Syndrome
- Utpal Kant Singh
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Nalanda Medical College and Hospital
- Patna, Bihar, India
- Ch 17: Chronic Abdominal Pain
- R Sivji
- Clinical Professor
- Department of Neonatology
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS)
- Kochi, Kerala, India
- Ch 5: Neonatal Anemia
- Ch 8: Acute Renal Failure in Neonates
- Priya Sreenivasan
- Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
- Government Medical College and SAT Hospital
- Trivandrum, Kerala, India
- Ch 14: Nutritional Deficiencies in Obesity: The Cause or the Effect?
- M Sridhar
- Consultant Pediatric Intensivist
- Lotus Children's Hospital
- Hyderabad, AP, India
- Ch 23: Management of Raised Intracranial Pressure
- Satish Tiwari
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Medical College
- Amravati, Maharashtra, India
- Ch 12: Infant Feeding Revisited
- Ch 15: Severe Acute Malnutrition: Therapeutic Strides
- Ch 28: Newer and Future Vaccines
- Anjali Tyagi
- Clinical Psychologist
- Alberta Health Services
- Alberta, Canada
- Ch 19: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Mamta Tyagi
- Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Subharthi Medical College
- Meerut, UP, India
- Ch 13: Vitamin A Deficiency Disorders: Diagnosis and their Assessment
- Satya Prasad Veeturi
- Consultant Pediatric Nephrologist
- Lotus Children's Hospital
- Hyderabad, AP, India
- Ch 24: Acute Renal Failure in Children
- Nishant Verma
- Senior Resident
- Department of Pediatrics
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Banaras Hindu University (BHU)
- Varanasi, UP, India
- Ch 17: Chronic Abdominal Pain
- Balraj Yadav
- Senior Consultant Pediatrician
- Krishna Medicare Center,
- Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Ch 28: Newer and Future Vaccines
Quick on the heels of the release of 20th volume of the Recent Advances in Pediatrics: Hot Topics (RAP-20: Hot Topics), we were flooded with requests for more updates in neonatology, gastrointestinal problems, nutrition and malnutrition, developmental pediatrics and critical care pediatrics. Quite a chunk of readers, including postgraduates and residents, wanted enough matter concerning vaccinology and pharmacotherapy. Some even suggested the actual topics.
Consequent upon this, we endeavored that the RAP-21: Hot Topics incorporated the proposed topics as far as workable. The benevolence of the Advisory Editorial Board went a long way in facilitating our efforts to meet with the genuine demand from the readers. After all, this international series is meant primarily for them. Understandably, it must come to their expectations. Nothing pleases us as the Editors more than the participation of our readers, directly or indirectly, in deciding its contents to a significant extent. As the prestigious Lancet stated many years back, “It's the reader who is the master; we must respect his needs.”
The RAP-21: Hot Topics presents 31 state-of-the-art chapters, contributed by as many as 46 experts drawn from India and abroad (England, Australia, United States, etc). The peer-reviewed and evidence-based chapters attempt to present the depth and breadth of knowledge in the field of contemporary pediatrics with special reference to its applicability in the Indian subcontinent and the South-East Asian Region (SEAR).
A multitude of hot topics ranging from long-term follow-up of high-risk neonates, developmentally supportive care in preterm neonates, and proteomics in fetal and neonatal medicine through therapeutic strides in severe acute malnutrition (SAM), chronic abdominal pain and acute liver failure to critical/intensive care of some common emergencies are detailed threadbare. The emerging area of pediatric pharmacotherapy, focusing on special aspects in neonates, infants, children and adolescents plus drug therapy in child psychiatry and pediatric malaria, is covered. The chapters on metabolic syndrome, newer and future vaccines and edible vaccines should be of special interest to readers with an innovative mindset and an eye on future.
In keeping with the tradition of the RAP series ever since its inception and first appearance in 1991, each and every chapter is remarkable by its excellence, providing a stimulating, mature, informed and, not infrequently, even provocative update. Understandably, such an approach is befitting when the goal is not only to inform but also to motivate discussion, interaction, research and innovation. Multidisciplinary approach with an eye on future, a well-known and well-appreciated conviction with the series, continues to occupy pride of place in the present volume too.
Here's wishing you, dear readers, a fruitful sojourn through the academic wealth that needs to be swallowed, chewed, digested and then absorbed. And, of course, also preserved as desktop reference.
Suraj Gupte
Shamma-Bakshi Gupte
13Acknowledgments
Grateful acknowledgment is made to:
- Our distinguished contributors for providing excellent state-of-the-art chapters on various topical issues in child health. They were also gracious enough to repose confidence in our editorship. Their understanding, cooperation and comradeship contributed to seeing the light of the day by this keenly-awaited volume in a big way.
- Our peer-reviewers, drawn from India and abroad for, as always, critically reviewing the contributions and providing us the benefit of their expertise. They graciously exhibited the promptness in responding to our requests for speedy action. Undoubtedly, it was largely their assessment that proved crucial in the selection of the chapters for incorporation in the present volume.
- The Advisory Editorial Board for providing inputs and advice in various editorial matters without reservation.
- The Management and Administration of Mamata Medical College and Hospitals, especially Mr P Ajay Kumar, Chairman; Mr K Sreedhar, Director; and Dr K Koteshwer Rao, Dean and Principal; for providing moral support towards successful completion of this project.
- Dr Novy Gupte for, over and above her own contributions, voluntarily providing all sorts of assistance in taking the project to its logical conclusion despite her preoccupation.
- M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, and their dedicated team for the skillful and superb production qualities of the book.