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Infertility: Diagnosis, Management & IVF Anil K Dubey

1: INFERTILITY
1:A History of Clinical Embryology and Therapeutic IVF: From Pythagoras and Aristotle to Boveri and Edwards
- INTRODUCTION
- FROM PREFORMATION AND EPIGENESIS TO THE DISCOVERY OF CHROMOSOMES AND MEIOSIS
  - Antiquity and Procreation
- PREFORMATION AND THE FOUNDATION OF MODERN EMBRYOLOGY
- EARLY CELL AND GERM THEORIES
- THE BOVERI-SUTTON MODEL AND THE CHROMOSOME THEORY OF INHERITANCE
- FROM MEIOSIS TO THE CONCEPT OF ECTOGENESIS
  - Embryo Transfer
- HALDANE, HUXLEY AND ROCK
- DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF INFERTILITY
- EXPERIMENTAL FERTILIZATION AND PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOLOGY
- FERTILIZATION IN VITRO AND CULTURING PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS
  - The First Successes in Animal Models
- DEVELOPMENT OF A CULTURE SYSTEM
- TWO DECADES THAT CHANGED HUMAN IVF
  - The First Test Tube Baby
- ESTABLISHING AND EXPANDING THE CLINICAL ALTERNATIVE: THE 1980s
- IVF FOR MEN
- GAMETE AND EMBRYO PRESERVATION
- PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS
- THE EVOLUTION OF REPRODUCTIVE CLINICAL SCIENCE
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2:Fertility Testing and Treatment in 2020
- INTRODUCTION
- IMAGING
- LABORATORY
- GENETICS
- MEDICATIONS
- SUMMARY
2: MALE FACTOR INFERTILITY
3:Evaluation and Diagnosis of Male Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MALE INFERTILITY
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, ETIOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF MALE INFERTILITY
- PROBABILITIES OF CONCEPTION FOR FERTILE AND INFERTILE COUPLES
- GOALS AND THE PROPER TIMING FOR FERTILITY EVALUATION
- APPROACHING THE SUBFERTILE MALE
4:Hormonal Management of Male Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- PHYSIOLOGICAL OVERVIEW
- HYPOTHALAMIC PITUITARY GONADAL AXIS (HPG)
- CLINICAL ENDOCRINE EVALUATION OF INFERTILE MAN
  - Indications of Endocrine Testing
- DISEASES OF THE HPG AXIS
  - Hypothalamic and Pituitary Disorders
  - Testicular Diseases
    - Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism
    - Disorders of Androgen Actions
- DISEASES OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS
- THYROID DISORDERS
- EXCESS ESTROGEN
- DIABETES MELLITUS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME
- HORMONAL INTERVENTION IN MALE INFERTILITY
- CYTOPROTECTIVE HORMONAL EFFECTS ON SPERM IN CANCER PATIENTS
5:Immunology of Male Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
  - Definition and Prevalence
- SPERM PROTEOME
- FORMATION OF ANTISPERM ANTIBODIES
- RISK FACTORS OF ANTISPERM ANTIBODIES FORMATION
- TESTS FOR SPERM ANTIBODIES
- TREATMENT OF IMMUNE INFERTILITY
6:Surgical Management of Male Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- SURGICAL TREATMENT TO IMPROVE SPERM PRODUCTION
- RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERIES OF DUCTAL SYSTEM
- EJACULATORY DUCT
- SPERM RETRIEVAL TECHNIQUES
- PREOPERATIVE PLANNING
  - Patient Assessment
- OPERATIVE PROCEDURE
  - Anesthesia
  - Techniques
- POSTOPERATIVE CARE AND RESULTS
7:Genetics and Male Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- GENETIC CONCEPTS
- EVIDENCE OF GENETIC CONTRIBUTION FOR MALE INFERTILITY
- SPERM GENOME: DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS
- GENETIC DISORDERS CAUSING MALE INFERTILITY
- IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC TESTING AND COUNSELING
- PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS
- GENETIC TESTS
- WORK-UP PLAN FOR SPECIFIC GENETIC DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
- NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES
3: FEMALE FACTOR INFERTILITY
8:Evaluation and Diagnosis of Female Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- OVARY AND OOCYTE
  - Assessment of Ovarian Reserve
    - Conclusions
    - Practical Implications
  - Assessment of Ovulation
- CERVIX, UTERUS AND FALLOPIAN TUBES
- PELVIC ANATOMY
  - Diagnostic Laparoscopy
- SYSTEMIC EVALUATION
- EVALUATION TIMELINE
9:Anovulation and Amenorrhea
- INTRODUCTION
- ANATOMIC CAUSES
- HYPOTHYROIDISM AND HYPERPROLACTINEMIA
- HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM
- HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM
- HYPOPITUITARISM
- POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
- CONCLUSION
10:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Diagnostic Criteria and Treatment in the Anovulatory Patient
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
- TREATMENT FOR WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND INFERTILITY
- CONCLUSION
11:Endometriosis and Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- DIAGNOSIS
- INFERTILITY
  - Treatment of Infertility
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
12:Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
- INTRODUCTION
- INCIDENCE
- ETIOLOGY
- IMMUNE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF RECURRENT PREGNANCY LOSS
13:Cancer and Fertility Drugs
- INTRODUCTION
- MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HORMONES IN CANCER
- BIOLOGIC PLAUSABILITY
- CLINICAL DATA
- CONCLUSION
14:Unexplained Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- POSSIBLE ETIOLOGIES OF UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY
- PROGNOSIS OF UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY
- CLINICAL EVALUATION TO DIAGNOSE UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY
- TREATMENT OF UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY
- CONCLUSION
15:Reproductive Surgery: Technique and Reproductive Outcomes
- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
- SURGICAL PRINCIPLES
  - Preoperative Evaluation
  - Preoperative Preparation
- LAPAROSCOPY: AN OVERVIEW
- HYSTEROSCOPY: AN OVERVIEW
- DISORDERS OF THE UTERUS
- DISORDERS OF THE PELVIC PERITONEUM AND OVARY (ENDOMETRIOSIS)
  - Surgical Technique
  - Fertility
- DISORDERS OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE
  - Hydrosalpinx
- SECOND OPERATIONS
  - Salpingectomy
    - Surgical Technique
    - Fertility
  - Prior Tubal Ligation
    - Technique
    - Fertility
- RECENT ADVANCES IN REPRODUCTIVE SURGERY
  - Robotically Assisted Reproductive Surgery
    - Advantages and Disadvantages
  - Office Hysteroscopy
- CONCLUDING THOUGHTS
16:The Molecular and Genetic Basis of Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- MOLECULAR AND GENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN INFERTILITY
- GENES AFFECTING GAMETES/ GAMETOGENESIS
  - Genes Affecting the Ovary/Oogenesis
  - Genes Affecting Testis/Spermatogenesis
    - Yq Microdeletions
    - Gonadotropin Receptor Gene Mutations
- GENES AFFECTING THE EMBRYO
  - Maternal Effect Genes
  - Imprinting Disorders
- GENES AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
- GENETICS IN THE EVALUATION OF THE INFERTILE COUPLE
- THE FUTURE OF MOLECULAR AND GENETIC EVALUATION OF THE INFERTILE COUPLE
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
17:Female Reproductive Aging
- INTRODUCTION
- THE OOCYTE THROUGHOUT DEVELOPMENT
- MITOCHONDRIA AND FREE RADICALS
- SPINDLE ABNORMALITIES
- CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES; CHIASMATA, COHESIN
- A TELOMERE THEORY OF REPRODUCTIVE AGING
- OVARIAN RESERVE TESTING AND OVARIAN AGING
- OTHER GENETIC MODELS
- CLOSING REMARKS
18:Ovarian Reserve Testing
- INTRODUCTION
- WHAT IS OVARIAN RESERVE?
- PROPERTIES OF SCREENING TESTS
- AVAILABLE TESTS OF OVARIAN RESERVE
- SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES
  - Prediction of Age at Menopause
  - Cancer Patients
- CONCLUSION
4: IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
19:Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation for In Vitro Fertilization
- INTRODUCTION
- STIMULATING AGENTS
  - Indirectly Acting Agents
  - Directly Acting Agents
- SUPPRESSIVE AGENTS
- CONTROLLED OVARIAN HYPERSTIMULATION PROTOCOLS IN IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
- CONCLUSION
20:Procedures and Protocols in In Vitro Fertilization Laboratory
- INTRODUCTION
- IN VITRO FERTILIZATION EQUIPMENT
- SUPPLIES (MEDIA AND DISPOSABLES)
- QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
  - Laboratory Indicators and Thresholds
- TRAINING AND PROTOCOLS
21:Cryopreservation of Human Embryos
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- CRYOPRESERVATION TECHNIQUES
- CRYOPROTECTANT AGENTS
- CRYOSTORAGE VESSELS OR CARRIERS
- DEVELOPMENTAL CELL STAGE AND EMBRYO CRYOPRESERVATION OUTCOMES
  - Pronuclear and Early Cleavage Stage Embryos
  - Blastocyst Stage Embryos
- ZONA OPENING AND/OR THINNING
- ENDOMETRIAL PREPARATION IN FROZEN THAWED CYCLES
- SAFETY OF EMBRYO CRYOPRESERVATION
- CONCLUSION
22:Oocyte Donation Program
- INTRODUCTION
- INDICATIONS FOR EGG DONATION AND THE PRECYCLE TESTING OF RECIPIENTS
- DONOR SCREENING AND SAFEGUARDS
- SYNCHRONIZATION SCHEMES FOR DONORS AND RECIPIENTS
- CLINICAL RESULTS AND PREGNANCY OUTCOMES
- CONTROVERSIES THAT SURROUND THE USE OF DONOR EGGS
- FUTURE USE AND ANTICIPATED ROLE OF EGG DONATION IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
- SUMMARY
23:Luteal Phase Supplementation in In Vitro Fertilization
- INTRODUCTION
- RATIONALE FOR LUTEAL PHASE SUPPLEMENTATION
- ROUTES OF PROGESTERONE ADMINISTRATION
- COMPARING ORAL PROGESTERONE WITH OTHER MODALITIES
  - Comparing Intramuscular and Vaginal Progesterone
  - Comparing Vaginal Preparations
- OPTIMAL DOSE OF PROGESTERONE
- ADDITION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN TO PROGESTERONE
- ADDITION OF ESTRADIOL TO PROGESTERONE FOR LUTEAL SUPPLEMENTATION
- DURATION OF LUTEAL PHASE SUPPLEMENTATION
- ROLE FOR GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE AGONISTS IN LUTEAL PHASE SUPPLEMENTATION
- CONCLUSION
24:Fertility Preservation for Women
- INTRODUCTION
- TREATMENT AND OVARIAN FUNCTION
- FERTILITY PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES
- OVARIAN TRANSPOSITION
- GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE AGONISTS
- OVARIAN TISSUE CRYOPRESERVATION
- OOCYTE CRYOPRESERVATION
- EMBRYO CRYOPRESERVATION
- OOCYTE DONATION
- SUMMARY
25:Advanced Reproductive Age and ART
- INTRODUCTION
- OVARIAN RESERVE TESTING
- TREATMENT
- SUMMARY
26:Preimplantation Genetic Screening/Diagnosis
- INTRODUCTION
- HUMAN OOCYTES AND EMBRYO BIOPSY
- DNA TECHNIQUES USED IN PGD
  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
- GENETIC DIAGNOSIS BY PCR
  - Oocyte and Polar Bodies Diagnosis
  - Genetic Diagnosis of Blastomeres
- FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION
- COMPREHENSIVE DNA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
- VALIDATION OF CGH AND SNP ARRAYS
- CLINICAL RESULTS
- SUMMARY
- CONCLUSION
27:Third Party Reproduction: Current Status and Future
- INTRODUCTION
- THIRD PARTY REPRODUCTION
  - Categories
  - Indications
- ISSUES IN THIRD PARTY REPRODUCTION
- OUTCOMES OF THIRD PARTY REPRODUCTION
  - Impact on the Offspring
  - Disclosure of Donor Identities
- FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS AND SOLUTIONS
- RECENT ADVANCES
- CONCLUSION
28:Natural Cycle In Vitro Fertilization: The Current Practice
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- TERMINOLOGY—WHAT IS NATURAL CYCLE IN VITRO FERTILIZATION?
- PATIENT SELECTION
- TECHNICAL ASPECTS
- OUTCOME DATA
- UTILIZATION IN THE UNITED STATES
- THE FUTURE
29:Sperm Banking: Indications and Regulations
- INTRODUCTION
- CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
- WHO CAN BENEFIT FROM SPERM BANKING AND WHY?
  - Sperm Donors Group
  - Autoconservation Group
    - Fertility Preservation Group Includes the Following
    - Fertility Treatment Group
- COUNSELING AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- PROCESS OF CRYOPRESERVATION
- THE RISE OF ONCOFERTILITY AS A FIELD
- AVAILABLE RESOURCES ON FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
- RECOMMENDATIONS
30:Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome During Infertility Treatments
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- CLASSIFICATION
- RISK FACTORS
- PRESENTATION OF SYMPTOMS
- PREVENTION
- TREATMENT
- CONCLUSION
5: PRACTICE GUIDELINE FOR INFERTILITY TREATMENTS
31:Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Infertility
- INTRODUCTION
- NON-ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY THERAPIES
- ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY THERAPIES
32:Integrating Quality Management into a Fertility Practice
- INTRODUCTION
- WHAT IS QUALITY?
- DO HIGH PREGNANCY RATES MEAN HIGH QUALITY?
- QUALITY: BEYOND THE IN VITRO FERTILIZATION STATISTIC
- QUALITY IS WHAT THE CUSTOMER SAYS IT IS
- A WORD ABOUT THE RECEPTION DESK
- WHY A QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?
- SUMMARY
6: BIRTH DEFECTS AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY
33:Assisted Reproductive Technology and Birth Defects
- INTRODUCTION
- RESEARCH IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY IS DIFFICULT
- CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY
- THEORETICAL CONCERNS
- ANIMAL DATA
- TWINS AND CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
- ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN SINGLETON ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY PREGNANCIES
- EARLY EVIDENCE OF BIRTH DEFECTS
- RECENT EVIDENCE: THE EFFECT OF UNDERLYING INFERTILITY
- EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY
  - Angelman Syndrome
  - Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
- OTHER EPIGENETIC EVIDENCE
  - Male Factor Infertility
  - Progesterone Supplementation and Hypospadias
- PATIENT COUNSELING
- CONCLUSION
7: REGULATION OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
34:Regulation of Assisted Reproductive Technology Laboratory
- INTRODUCTION
- MODELS OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OVERSIGHT
- ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OVERSIGHT WORLDWIDE
- REGULATION AND ACCREDITATION OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORIES AND PERSONNEL
- CONCLUSION
8: EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF INFERTILITY TREATMENT
35:Emotional and Social Aspects of Infertility Treatment
- INTRODUCTION
- THE EMOTIONAL IMPACT OF INFERTILITY
- FINANCIAL AND DECISION-MAKING STRESSORS
- SOCIAL AND CULTURAL INFLUENCES OF INFERTILITY
- STRESS AND TREATMENT OUTCOME
- TREATMENT DISTRESS AND TERMINATION
- COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS
- SUMMARY

INDEX

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