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Recent Advances in Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery
Anil K Lalwani, Markus HF Pfister
CHAPTER 1:
TRANSTYMPANIC MEDICAL THERAPY
INTRODUCTION
KINETICS
DELIVERY DEVICES
COMMON DISORDERS TREATED WITH TRANSTYMPANIC THERAPY
Meniere's Disease
Aminoglycoside Ablation
Steroids
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Tinnitus
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 2:
BONE CONDUCTING HEARING AID SOLUTIONS
INTRODUCTION
MECHANISM OF BONE CONDUCTION HEARING
BONE CONDUCTION HEARING AIDS
BONE ANCHORED HEARING AIDS
BAHA®
Indications for BAHA®
Patient Selection
Surgical Procedure
Complications of Surgery
Late Complications
Results
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN IMPLANTABLE BONE CONDUCTION HEARING AIDS
Sophono Alpha 1 System
Indications for Sophono
Patient Selection
Surgical Procedure
Complications of Surgery
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 3:
SUPERIOR SEMICIRCULAR CANAL DEHISCENCE SYNDROME: EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Excitation
Inhibition
Nystagmus
Origin of bony Dehiscence
SYMPTOMS
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
INVESTIGATIONS
DIAGNOSIS
Differential Diagnosis
MANAGEMENT
Surgical Management
OUTCOME
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 4:
IMPLANTABLE HEARING AIDS
INDICATIONS FOR ACTIVE MIDDLE EAR IMPLANT
VIBRANT SOUNDBRIDGE
Vibrant SoundBridge for Sensorineural Hearing Loss (Incus-Vibroplasty)
Vibrant SoundBridge for Conductive/Mixed Hearing Loss
MIDDLE EAR TRANSDUCER AND CARINA
ESTEEM®
Esteem® Surgery
MAXUM
RETROX
Retrox Surgery
IMAGING AND ACTIVE MIDDLE EAR IMPLANTS
ACTIVE MIDDLE EAR IMPLANT VERSUS CONVENTIONAL HEARING AID
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5:
ELECTRIC ACOUSTIC STIMULATION AND HEARING PRESERVATION: ATRAUMATIC SURGICAL TECHNIQUES AND OUTCOME
FROM COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION TO ELECTRIC ACOUSTIC STIMULATION
THE HISTORY OF HEARING PRESERVATION COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION
INDICATIONS AND CRITERIA FOR EAS
DEFINING RESIDUAL HEARING FOR EAS
HEARING PRESERVATION COCHLEAR IMPLANT SURGERY
Step 1: Pre-incision Measures
Step 2: Posterior Tympanotomy
Step 3: Endosteum Exposure at the Cochleostomy Site or Round Window Membrane Exposure
Step 4: Topical Corticoid Application
Step 5: Placing the Implant
Step 6: Inserting the Electrode Array
Step 7: Securing the Electrode and Closing the Retroauricular Incision in Three Layers
COCHLEAR IMPLANT ELECTRODE DESIGN AND HEARING PRESERVATION
Tailoring Insertion Depth
OUTCOMES WITH COMBINED ELECTRIC ACOUSTIC STIMULATION
Hearing Preservation
Speech Perception with EAS
Music Appreciation and Subjective Benefit with EAS
EAS: CONCLUSION ON COUNSELING AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
CHAPTER 6:
NOVEL APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF EUSTACHIAN TUBE DISORDERS
INTRODUCTION
CRITICAL ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Overview
PERITUBAL MUSCLES AND THEIR FUNCTION
VISUAL IDENTIFICATION AND LANDMARKS OF THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE
GENERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
NEW CONSIDERATIONS IN PHYSIOLOGY
Eustachian Tube Dilation and Closure
Middle Ear Gas Exchange
Clearance of the Middle Ear
Protection of the Middle Ear
EVALUATION OF THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE
History and Physical Examination
Endoscopic Examination of the Eustachian Tube
PATHOLOGY OF EUSTACHIAN TUBE DYSFUNCTION
Overview, Etiology and Pathophysiology
Medical Treatment for Eustachian Tube Dilatory Dysfunction
Surgical Treatment for Eustachian Tube Dilatory Dysfunction
PATULOUS EUSTACHIAN TUBE DYSFUNCTION
Overview, Etiology and Pathophysiology
Medical Treatment for Patulous Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Surgical Treatment of Patulous Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 7:
VESTIBULAR-EVOKED MYOGENIC POTENTIAL TESTING IN OTOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
MODES OF STIMULATION AND RECORDING
Air-Conducted Sound Mode
Bone-Conducted Vibration Mode
Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Mode
Recording of cVEMPs
Recording of oVEMPs
ANIMAL MODEL
Animal Model of cVEMP
Animal Model of oVEMP
CLINICAL APPLICATION
Conductive Hearing Loss
Vestibular Neuritis
Meniere's Disease
Posterior Fossa Stroke
Acoustic Neuroma
FUTURE
CHAPTER 8:
LARYNGEAL ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLE AND TECHNIQUE
PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
EMG FOR PROGNOSIS IN VOCAL FOLD PARALYSIS
FURTHER QUESTIONS
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9:
CURRENT TECHNIQUES IN SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING SURGERY
THE TAILORED TREATMENT
Type 1: The Behavioral Treatment
Type 2: Devices to be Worn
Oral Appliances
Positive Pressure Appliances
Split Night Studies
Multiple Night Trial
Type 3: Surgery
Surgery for Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Nasal Surgery in Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Techniques for Turbinate Reduction
Palatal Surgery in the Sleep Disordered Breathing
Surgery for Simple Snoring
Palatal Stiffening Procedures
Injection Snoreplasty
Cautery-Assisted Palatal Stiffness Operation
Palatal Radiofrequency Technique
Palatal Implants
Results in Stiffness Palate Procedures
Palatal Surgery
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Uvulopalatal Flap Technique
Technique
Z-Pharyngoplasty Technique
Technique
Transpalatal Advancement Technique
TONGUE SURGERY IN THE SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING
Radiofrequency of Base of the Tongue
Tongue Base Suspension
Repose System (Tongue Suspension)
Technique
SUBMUCOSAL PARTIAL GLOSSECTOMY TECHNIQUES
Percutaneous Submucosal Tongue Base Excision
Submucosal Minimally Invasive Lingual Excision
Technique
Results in Submucosal Partial Glossectomy Techniques
Mandibular Osteotomy with Genioglossus Advancement
Technique
Results in Tongue Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Hyoid Surgery in the Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Technique
Anesthesia in Sleep-Disordered Breathing Patient
Complications in Sleep-Disordered Breathing Surgery
CHAPTER 10:
PEDIATRIC VOICE DISORDERS: EVALUATION, PATHOLOGY AND INNOVATIONS
INTRODUCTION
EVALUATION OF DYSPHONIA
History and Quality of Life Measurements
Speech Language Pathology Assessment
Otolaryngology Assessment
PATHOLOGY OF DYSPHONIA
Benign Lesions of the Vocal Folds
Juvenile Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Laryngeal Webs
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Neurogenic Voice Disorders
Functional Voice Disorders
Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion
Trauma and Laryngeal Reconstruction
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 11:
WHAT'S NEW IN OTITIS MEDIA
OVERVIEW
BIOFILMS
BACTERIOLOGY OF OM AND THE EFFECTS OF VACCINATION
CONTROVERSIES OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY IN OM
COMPLICATIONS OF OM
CHAPTER 12:
SIALOENDOSCOPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SALIVARY GLAND DISEASE
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
MAJOR SALIVARY GLAND DUCTAL OBSTRUCTION
Sialadenitis
Sialolithiasis
Obstruction not Caused by Lithiasis
Miscellaneous Factors
SIALOENDOSCOPY
Operative Indications
ENDOSCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION
Endoscopes
Flexible Endoscopes
Rigid Endoscopes
Semi-Rigid Endoscopes
Instrumentation
Introduction into Ostium
Extraction
Dilatation
Lithotripsy
Operative Procedure
Entering the Duct
Establishing Visualization
INTERVENTIONS
Operative Considerations in Sialolith Removal
Operative Considerations in Ductal Strictures
Considerations for Endoscopically Assisted Removal of Stones
COMPLICATIONS
CONSIDERATIONS IN PEDIATRIC SIALOENDOSCOPY
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 13:
ROBOTIC SURGERY IN THE HEAD AND NECK
INTRODUCTION
RATIONALE FOR TRANSORAL ROBOTIC SURGERY
DEVELOPMENT AND FEASIBILITY OF TRANSORAL ROBOTIC SURGERY
ONCOLOGIC AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME
FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF TRANSORAL ROBOTIC SURGERY
ROBOTIC ASSISTED THYROIDECTOMY
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 14:
MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE TRAUMA TO THE OPTIC NERVE
INTRODUCTION
SPECIAL ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF IMPORTANCE FOR OPTIC NERVE DAMAGE
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS
Visual Evoked Potentials
INDICATION, TIMING OF INTERVENTION
CONSERVATIVE THERAPY
Expectant Management
Pharmacological Therapy, Steroids, Dosage and the Literature
Surgery: Endonasal, Transorbital or Neurosurgical Pterional Decompression
RESULTS, CASE REPORTS
SUMMARY
Dilemma
CHAPTER 15:
FUNCTIONAL RHINOPLASTY
INTRODUCTION
I. Septal Surgery
Surgical Methods in the Management of Deviated Nasal Septum
II. Turbinate Surgery
A. Management of the Inferior Turbinate
B. Management of the Middle Turbinate
III. Internal Valve
Management of the Internal Nasal Valve
IV. External Valve
Management of the External Valve Problems
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 16:
NASAL SEPTAL RECONSTRUCTION
INTRODUCTION
SEPTAL SUTURING AND SPLINTING TECHNIQUES
POLYDIOXANONE PLATES
TONGUE IN GROOVE
COLUMELLAR STRUT
CAUDAL SEPTAL EXTENSION GRAFT
CAUDAL SEPTAL REPLACEMENT GRAFT
COMMENTS
CHAPTER 17:
BALLOON SINUPLASTY IN THE TREATMENT OF SINUS DISEASE IN THE OPERATING ROOM
INTRODUCTION
DEVICES
Balloon Sinuplasty
Technique
LacriCATH Device
FinESS
Ventera Sinus Dilation System
Balloon-Only Versus Hybrid Procedure
Efficacy and Outcomes
Frontal Sinus
Use in Children
Complications
Cost
Future
INDEX
TOC
Index
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