Index

Community Mental Health in India Nitin Gupta, BS Chavan, Priti Arun, Ajeet Sidana, Sushrut Jadhav

SECTION I: AN INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH
1:The Relevance of Community Psychiatry in India
- INTRODUCTION
- CHALLENGING MENTAL HEALTH SITUATION IN INDIA
- INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
- DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IN LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
- DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IN INDIA
- COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH INITIATIVES IN INDIA
- INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS
- PERSONAL REFLECTIONS OF LAST SIX DECADES
- FUTURE OF COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY IN INDIA
- APPENDIX 1
  - WHO Mental Health Policy and Service Guidance Package
SECTION II: HISTORICAL CONCEPTS AND EVOLUTION
2:Psychiatry in India: A Historical Perspective
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY OF WORLD PSYCHIATRY
- PSYCHIATRY IN ANCIENT VEDIC INDIA
- PSYCHIATRY IN MEDIEVAL INDIA
- PSYCHIATRY IN COLONIAL INDIA
- PSYCHIATRY IN POSTINDEPENDENCE INDIA—THE COLONIAL HANGOVER AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN PSYCHIATRY
- HOW FAR WE HAVE COME?
3:General Hospital Psychiatry
- INTRODUCTION
- THE CONCEPT OF GENERAL HOSPITAL PSYCHIATRY UNITS
- HISTORY
- INTEGRATING PSYCHIATRY WITH GENERAL HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN INDIA
- ROLES OF GENERAL HOSPITAL PSYCHIATRY UNITS IN INDIA
- INTER RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHIATRY AND OTHER SPECIALTIES
- FUTURE OF GHPUs IN INDIA
4:Towards Community Mental Health Care: Primary Health Care Model
- INTRODUCTION
- VILLAGE LEVEL
- SYSTEM OF SUB-HEALTH CENTERS
- SYSTEM OF PRIMARY HEALTH CENTERS
- SYSTEM OF COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS
- MOVING AWAY FROM MENTAL INSTITUTIONS—TOWARDS COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH CARE
- CONCLUSION
5:National Mental Health Programme
- NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMME
- EVOLUTION OF DISTRICT MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMME
- NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMME IN ELEVENTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN (2007–12)
  - Center of Excellence in Field of Mental Health
  - Scheme of Manpower Development
    - Upgradation of Psychiatric Wings of Government Medical Colleges/ General Hospitals
    - Modernization of State-run Mental Hospitals
- DISTRICT MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMME AND NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH MISSION
- CONCLUSION
6:District Mental Health Programme
- INTRODUCTION
- THE MAGNITUDE OF MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS: THE NEED FOR DECENTRALIzED MENTAL HEALTH CARE
- THE BURDEN OF MENTAL DISORDERS
- CURRENT RESOURCES FOR MENTAL HEALTH CARE
- CAPACITY-BUILDING FOR PRIMARY CARE PERSONNEL TO DELIVER MENTAL HEALTH CARE
- THE ADVANTAGES OF PLANNING MENTAL HEALTH CARE AT THE DISTRICT LEVEL
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE DMHP
  - Specific Objectives
- THE PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DMHP IN THE DISTRICT
  - Methodology
- MID-COURSE EVALUATION OF THE DMHPs
- FINDINGS AND THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE EVALUATION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF DMHP IN INDIA: EVALUATION BY THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE, GOVT OF INDIA, 2009
  - Findings
  - Recommendations and Suggestions
- KEY ISSUES FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DMHP IN INDIA
- CONCLUSION
SECTION III: DIMENSIONS OF COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY
7:Family and Mental Health in India
- INTRODUCTION
- CHANGING CONCEPTS OVER THE ROLE OF FAMILY IN MENTAL ILLNESS
- THE INDIAN FAMILY
- HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN MENTAL ILLNESS IN INDIA
- IMPACT OF MENTAL ILLNESS ON THE FAMILIES
- THERAPEUTIC ROLE OF FAMILY IN MANAGEMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESSES
- CHANGES IN TRADITIONAL INDIAN FAMILY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MENTAL HEALTH
- ROLE OF FAMILY SELF-HELP GROUPS AND NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZation IN MENTAL HEALTH IN INDIA
- EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESSES: CAN FAMILY PREVENT PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS
- CONCLUSION
8:Stigma of Mental Illness
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
- STIGMA: CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGIES
  - Stigma
  - Stereotype, Prejudice, Discrimination and Other Related Terminologies
- CONSEQUENCES OF STIGMA
- STIGMA RESEARCH: INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS
- RESEARCH FROM INDIA
- RESEARCH AMONG LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
- RESEARCH STUDIES FROM WESTERN COUNTRIES
- ANTI-STIGMA CAMPAIGNS
- AN AGENDA FOR ACTION—WHAT CAN BE DONE BY THE FOLLOWING STAKEHOLDERS?
- CONCLUSION
9:Disability and Functioning
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS
- AREAS AFFECTED
- IMPACT OF DISABILITY
- INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISABILITIES
- RELEVANCE OF ICF TO REHABILITATION
- MEASUREMENT OF DISABILITIES
- INDIAN DISABILITY EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT SCALE
- WHY MEASURE DISABILITY?
- INTERNATIONAL STUDY
- INDIAN RESEARCH ON DISABILITY
- CROSS-CULTURAL ISSUES AND DISABILITY
- THE INTERPLAY OF DISABILITY AND ITS IMPACT ON PRACTICE OF COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY
- CONCLUSION AND THE WAY AHEAD
10:Homelessness and Mental Illness
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS
- PREVALENCE
- HOMELESSNESS AND MENTAL ILLNESS
- PATHWAYS TO HOMELESSNESS FOR THE MENTALLY ILL
- HOMELESSNESS AND INDIVIDUAL PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
  - Schizophrenia
  - Substance Abuse and Co-morbidity
  - Depressive Symptoms and Major Depressive Disorder
  - Personality Disorders
- LEGAL ISSUES RELATED TO HOMELESS MENTALLY ILL
- NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF BEING HOMELESS
- COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS AND THE HOMELESS MENTALLY ILL IN INDIA
- GOVERNMENT AND NONGOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS WORKING FOR HOMELESS MENTALLY ILL
- MANAGEMENT
  - Barriers
    - Societal Factors
    - Treatment Related Barriers
- PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
- EARLY INTERVENTION
- HOUSING PROGRAMS
  - Housing First Models
- OUTREACH SERVICES
- ASSERTIVE COMMUNITY TREATMENT
- SERVICE INTEGRATION
- MOTIVATIONAL INTERVENTIONS/STAGES OF CHANGE
- MODIFIED THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITIES
- SELF-HELP PROGRAMS
- INVOLVEMENT OF CONSUMERS AND RECOVERING PERSONS
- PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION
- TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT
- CRISIS CARE SERVICES
- TEACHING AND TRAINING
- CONCLUSION
11:Gender and Community Mental Health: Sharing Experiences from our Service Program
- CONTESTED CONCEPTS OF ‘MENTAL ILLNESS’
- MENTAL HEALTH EMPOWERMENT AS THE BASIS FOR (URBAN) COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH POLICIES
- NUANCING GENDER IN THE CONTEXT OF DEVELOPMENT, URBANIZATION AND MENTAL HEALTH
- DESIGNING A GENDER SENSITIVE URBAN COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM
- CONCLUSION
12:The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Community Mental Health Care
- CASE STUDY 1
  - Mental Health Sector—An Overview
- NGO SECTOR IN INDIA
- WORKING WITH DIVERGENT MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING NEEDS OF PEOPLE FROM LOWER SOCIOECONOMIC AND VULNERABLE GROUPS
- CASE STUDY 2
- WORKING WITH TRIBAL COMMUNITIES
- WORKING WITH SELF-HELP GROUPS
- FOCUS ON A RIGHTS FRAMEWORK
- CAREGIVER AND USER DRIVEN PROGRAMS
- FOCUS ON RESEARCH
- WORKING WITH TRADITIONAL SYSTEMS OF HEALING
- COMMUNITY FOSTERING
- CHALLENGES FACED BY NGOs IN THE MENTAL HEALTH SECTOR
- POSITIVE TRENDS IN COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH CARE IN THE NGO SPACE
SECTION IV: LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS
13:Contemporary Debates about Mental Health Legislation: A Summer and a Winter of Discontent
- UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (UNCRPD) AND MENTAL HEALTH ACT
- TOWARDS A NEW MENTAL HEALTH ACT
- CONCERNS ABOUT THE PROPOSED NEW ACT
- DISCLAIMER
14:Persons with Disability Act
- WHAT IS DISABILITY?
- CHANGE IN PERSPECTIVE OF VIEWING DISABILITY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DISABILITY
- POLICIES FOR DISABILITY IN INDIA
- SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PWD ACT, 1995
- INCLUSION OF MENTAL ILLNESS IN PWD ACT, 1995
- CRITICISM OF PWD ACT
- GENERAL POLICY ISSUES
- SECTORAL POLICY ISSUES
- IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACT
- AWARENESS OF THE ACT
- CERTIFICATION OF DISABILITY
- UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
- RIGHTS TO PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES ACT, 2010: WORKING DRAFT
- NOTABLE ADVANCES IN THE NEW ACT
- DISABILITY RIGHTS AUTHORITY
- CONCLUSION
15:Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
  - The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961
- THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES Act
- AMENDMENTS
- COMMUNITY AND THE Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances ACT
- CONCLUSION
16:Human Rights and Law
- INTRODUCTION
- INTERACTION BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND MENTAL HEALTH
- INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEMS
- THE INDIAN SCENARIO
- NECESSITY OF MENTAL HEALTH LEGISLATION—PROTECTING, PROMOTING AND IMPROVING RIGHTS THROUGH LEGISLATION
- SUBSTANTIVE CONTENT OF MENTAL HEALTH AND RELATED LEGISLATION
  - Mental Health Legislation
  - Other Legislation Impacting on Mental Health
- INTERFACE BETWEEN POLICY AND LEGISLATION
- CONCLUSION
SECTION V: COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH AND PSYCHIATRIC SPECIALTIES
17:Community Based Addiction Psychiatry
- BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE
- CONCEPT
- PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
- RANGE OF COMMUNITY BASED SERVICES
- ADVANTAGES
- INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES
- COMMUNITY BASED APPROACHES IN INDIA
- SECTOR-BASED INTERVENTIONS (WORKPLACE, SCHOOLS)
  - Workplace Initiatives
  - School Initiatives
- COST-EFFECTIVENESS
- CONCLUSION
18:Community Based Geriatric Psychiatry
- INTRODUCTION
- CARE OF OLDER PEOPLE
- DISABILITY/DEPENDENCE
- CAREGIVER ISSUES
- GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
- TREATMENT GAP
- INTEGRATION WITH OTHER SERVICES
- PEOPLES’ PARTICIPATION IN MENTAL HEALTH CARE FOR OLDER PEOPLE
- LESSONS FROM PALLIATIVE CARE
- DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY BASED DEMENTIA CARE
- SCHEMES AND POLICIES
- WELFARE ASSOCIATIONS FOR ELDERLY
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
19:Community Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
- HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
- INTRODUCTION
- CONCLUSION
20:Learning Disabilities: Community Based Approaches and Initiatives
- BACKGROUND
  - Magnitude of the Problem in the Community
  - Defining the Condition
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Management
    - Preventive and Interventional Methods that can be Introduced in Schools
    - Individualized Education Program (IEP)
  - Community Initiatives
    - CBSE Guidelines
- ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED
  - Suggestions
- CONCLUSION
SECTION VI: EMERGENCIES IN THE COMMUNITY
21:Farmers’ Suicides in Central Rural India
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION OF VARIOUS TERMS
- MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- STATE WISE PREVALENCE IN INDIA
- ETIOLOGY
- SURVIVORS OF FARMER SUICIDE
- PREVENTION OF FARMER SUICIDES
  - Current Approach and its Fallacies
  - Suggested Action Plan Recommendations to Government
- ROLE OF PSYCHIATRISTS
- ROLE OF OTHER ALLIED PROFESSIONALS
- ROLE OF COMMUNITY-BASED PSYCHIATRY IN PREVENTION
- CONCLUSION
22:Suicidal Behavior and Suicide Prevention
- INTRODUCTION
- MYTHS ABOUT SUICIDE
- DEFINITION AND TERMS
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR AS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM
- ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN SUICIDE
- CAUSES OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR
- PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AND SUICIDE
- SURVIVOR GUILT IN SUICIDE
- COPYCAT SUICIDE AND MEDIA
- SOCIETY AND SUICIDE
- RELIGION, CULTURE AND SUICIDE
- ECONOMIC SITUATION AND SUICIDE
- SUICIDE BY FARMERS
- ‘WHAT’ AFTER ASSESSMENT
- GENERAL APPROACHES IN SUICIDE PREVENTION
- THE KERALA EXPERIENCE
- CONCLUSION
23:Crisis and Violence Intervention
- CRISIS: CONCEPT AND DEFINITION
- VIOLENCE POTENTIAL AND CRISIS INTERVENTION
  - Case-I: Violent Act Alerting the Health System to take Proper Steps to Prevent Crisis
  - Case-II: Crisis Leading to Extreme Act of Violence
    - Comments
- MANAGEMENT
- CRISIS INTERVENTION
- VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
  - Risk Assessment
- CONCLUSION
24:Disaster Management: Mental Health Perspective
- INTRODUCTION
- POST-DISASTER MENTAL HEALTH SEQUELAE
- VULNERABILITY FACTORS
- POST-DISASTER INTERVENTIONS
  - Community Oriented Interventions
- TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION
  - Supportive Interventions
  - Interventions for Children
- PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION
- ROLE OF MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
SECTION VII: ALTERNATIVES TO HOSPITALIZATION
25:Models of Community Mental Health Care
- INTRODUCTION
- FUTURE MODELS FOR COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY
26:Camp Approach
- INTRODUCTION
- WHY DO WE NEED THE CAMP APPROACH?
- CONCLUSION
27:Primary Prevention of Psychiatric Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION OF PREVENTION
- MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION
- RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS
- ALTERING ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS
- PREVENTION IN RELATION TO PRENATAL PERIOD AND INFANCY
- PREVENTING SPECIFIC DISORDERS
- PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN PRIMARY PREVENTION RESEARCH
- CONCLUSION
28:Alternative/Indigenous Therapies
- INTRODUCTION
- A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE VARIOUS TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
- CONCLUSION
SECTION VIII: MODELS AND STRATEGIES FOR MANAGEMENT
29:Integration of Mental Health Services with General Health Care
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL ASPECTS
  - General Hospital Psychiatric Units
  - Mental Health in Primary Health Care
- MAGNITUDE OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
- INTEGRATION OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE WITH PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
- GENERAL PRACTITIONERS TRAINING
- TRAINING RESOURCES FOR INTEGRATION OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE
- CURRENT STATUS OF INTEGRATION OF MENTAL HEALTH WITH GENERAL HEALTH SERVICES
- FUTURE NEEDS
30:Public Mental Health Education
- INTRODUCTION
- EXISTING BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
- MENTAL HEALTH EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN THE COUNTRY
- EVALUATION OF THE PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION ACTIVITIES
- INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES
- GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING MENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMS
- CONCLUSION
31:Fight Against Stigma
- INTRODUCTION
- CONCEPT AND CONSEQUENCES
- STRATEGIES AND INTERVENTIONS TO FIGHT STIGMA
- HEALTH-RELATED STIGMA: WHAT HAS WORKED ELSEWHERE?
- ACTION AGAINST STIGMA
- GLOBAL Program AGAINST STIGMA: ‘OPEN THE DOORS’
- STIGMA REDUCTION: ASIAN PERSPECTIVE
- STIGMA REDUCTION: INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
- ADDRESSING THE STIGMA ASSOCIATED WITH PSYCHIATRY
- ADDRESSING THE STIGMA IN MEDIA
- NEED TO ADDRESS THE STIGMA IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- CONCLUSION
32:Social Inclusion and Mental Health: Some Experiences with Intellectual Disability
- INTRODUCTION
- INITIATIVES AND THEIR APPLICABILITY
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
33:Role of Self-Help Groups
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- CLASSIFICATION
- WHAT HELPS IN SELF-HELP GROUPS
- HOW EFFECTIVE ARE SELF-HELP GROUPS?
- RECOVERY INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
  - Common Techniques Used by Recovery
- INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
- CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD
- CONCLUSION
34:Voluntary Sector and NGOs
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY AND PRESENT SCENARIO OF NGOs IN INDIA
- ROLE OF VOLUNTARY SECTOR IN HEALTH
- NEED OF VOLUNTARY SECTOR IN MENTAL HEALTH
- AREAS ADDRESSED BY NGOs
- RESEARCH EVIDENCE
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
35:Role of Psychotherapy and Counselling
- WHAT IS PSYCHOTHERAPY?
- WHY CONSIDER PSYCHOTHERAPY?
- WESTERN MODEL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
- EASTERN TRADITIONAL MODEL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
- TYPES OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
- PRAGMATICS RELATED TO THE PROCESS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
- HOW PSYCHOTHERAPY HEALS?
- ADAPTING PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR INDIA
- MANPOWER CONSTRAINTS
- PRACTICAL ASPECTS
- ROLE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN INDIA AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL
- PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PSYCHOTHERAPY AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL
- PSYCHOTHERAPY IN SPECIFIC SITUATIONS
- CONCLUSION
36:Psychosocial Rehabilitation in Psychiatry
- INTRODUCTION
- INTRODUCING DISABILITY IN MENTAL ILLNESS
- NOSOLOGICAL STATUS OF DISABILITY
- DISABILITY, FUNCTIONING AND REHABILITATION
- WHAT IS PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION?
- ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION NEEDS
- INTERVENTIONS IN REHABILITATION
- PLANNING REHABILITATION NEEDS OF PATIENT
- RESIDENTIAL CONTINUUM
- REHABILITATION IN MENTAL RETARDATION
- PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION IN DEVELOPING WORLD VERSUS DEVELOPED WORLD
- PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION IN INDIA
SECTION IX: ADMINISTRATIVE, GOVERNANCE AND RESEARCH
37:Contributions of Major Professional Bodies
- INTRODUCTION
- BEGINNING OF IPS AND IJP: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES AND POSTINDEPENDENCE SCENARIO
  - The Indian Psychiatric Society (IPS)
  - The Indian Journal of Psychiatry (IJP)
- MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS AND IMPACT
- OTHER PROFESSIONAL BODIES
  - Indian Association for Social Psychiatry (IASP)
    - Aims and Objectives
  - Indian Association of Private Psychiatry (IAPP)
    - Aims and Objectives
- HOW ARE PROFESSIONAL BODIES AND COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY INTERLINKED?
- POSSIBLE GOALS FOR FUTURE
- CONCLUSION
38:Community Mental Health Initiatives by the Government: Past, Present and Future
- BURDEN OF MENTAL DISORDERS
- ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT IN MENTAL HEALTH CARE DELIVERY IN INDIA
- NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMME
- MENTAL HEALTH ACT AND OTHER SUPPORTIVE LEGISLATIONS
- NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY SUPPORTING COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH
- DISTRICT MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMme
- GAPS IDENTIFIED IN EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF DMHP DURING THE NINTH PLAN PERIOD
- RESTRATEGIZED NMHP IN THE TENTH PLAN PERIOD
- EXPANSION OF DISTRICT MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMME
- ACHIEVEMENTS OF NMHP DURING THE TENTH PLAN PERIOD
- REVISED STRATEGY OF NMHP IN THE ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN PERIOD
- REVISED IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR DMHP
- DMHP-TEAM
- INTEGRATION OF NMHP WITH NRHM
- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH
  - Development
- CONCLUSION
39:Community Psychiatry: Cost-Effectiveness and Monitoring
- INTRODUCTION
- COST EFFECTIVENESS
- WHO CHOICE
- MONITORING OF COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES
- CONCLUSION
40:Models for Research in the Community
- INTRODUCTION
- RESEARCH IN COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY
- THE PRINCIPAL METHODS USED IN COMMUNITY RESEARCH
- MODELS OF COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH CARE
- INDIAN RESEARCH
- ETHICAL ISSUES IN COMMUNITY RESEARCH
- MONITORING AND AUDITING IN COMMUNITY RESEARCH
- IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY BASED RESEARCH
  - Community Based Research (CBR) is Crucial for:
- CONCLUSION
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
41:Appropriate Resource Management: Administrative and Political Initiatives
- INTRODUCTION
- AVAILABILITY OF MANPOWER IN MENTAL HEALTH
  - Appropriate Use of Resources
  - Planning
- HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
- USE OF NONPROFESSIONALS FOR MENTAL HEALTH CARE
SECTION X: COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES
42:Community Psychiatry in United States of America
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY OF COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY
- COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY IN CALIFORNIA
- COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY IN FLORIDA
- COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY IN ILLINOIS
- COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY IN NEW YORK
- COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY IN MISSISSIPPI
  - Mental Health Services through the State Department
  - Origins of Community Mental Health in Mississippi
- CONCLUSION
43:Community Psychiatry in United Kingdom
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND EVOLUTION
- DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION, COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY AND GENERAL HOSPITAL PSYCHIATRY
- TIERS: PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CARE (STEPPED CARE MODEL)
- COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH TEAMS
- NATIONAL SERVICE FRAMEWORK FOR MENTAL HEALTH
- FUNCTIONAL OR SPECIALIST TEAMS
- MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAMS: THE EVIDENCE
- FUNDING, TARIFFS AND PAYMENT BY RESULTS
- NEW HORIZONS
- MENTAL HEALTH ACT
- RELEVANCE AND SUGGESTIONS TOWARDS ADAPTATION TO THE INDIAN SETTING
44:Community Mental Health Services in Australia and New Zealand
- INTRODUCTION
- STRUCTURE OF SERVICES
- COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY–IT IS IMPORTANT TO DEFINE ITS SCOPE
- COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY IN INDIA, AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND’ SIMILARITY IN TRENDS
- GROWTH OF COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY
- SOME MYTHS ABOUT COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY
- CONCLUSION
45:Community Psychiatry in Singapore
- INTRODUCTION
- FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM
- COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM (CMHP) IN SINGAPORE
- SUMMARY OF COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES IN SINGAPORE
- IS CMHP SINGAPORE APPLICABLE TO INDIA?
- COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM OF SINGAPORE APPLIED TO THE REALITIES OF INDIA
46:Community Psychiatry in Malaysia
- INTRODUCTION
- PREVALENCE OF MENTAL DISORDERS AND AN OVERVIEW OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
- IMPORTANT MILESTONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY IN MALAYSIA
- FAMILY SUPPORT GROUPS
- STRATEGIES TO STRENGTHEN AND ENHANCE COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
- INTERFACE BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CARE
- TRAINING AND HUMAN RESOURCES
- IN SERVICE TRAINING
- CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES
- NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH REGISTRY (Aziz et al., 2008)
- CLINICAL AUDIT INDICATORS FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
- FUTURE DIRECTION
47:Community Psychiatry in Sri Lanka
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY OF COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY IN SRI LANKA
- THE PRESENT STATE OF COMMUNITY Psychiatry IN SRI LANKA
- THE COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE PROGRAM OF SRI LANKA
- NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE PROVISION OF COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY
- COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH CARE IN THE GAMPAHA DISTRICT
- STRENGTHS OF THE EXISTING COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
- WEAKNESSES OF THE EXISTING COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
- THE FUTURE OF COMMUNITY psychIatry IN SRI LANKA
- CONCLUSION
48:Community Psychiatry in Pakistan
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY IN PAKISTAN
- CURRENT MENTAL HEALTH SCENARIO
- EXISTING MANPOWER RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
  - Alternate Practitioners/Shamans
- EXISTING TRAINING AND RESEARCH FACILITIES AND INITIATIVES
- EXISTING MODELS OF DELIVERY OF CARE
- ROLE OF NGOs
- MENTAL HEALTH LEGISLATION
- MENTAL HEALTH POLICY
- CURRENT SCENARIO
- SUGGESTIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
SECTION XI: COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICALLY APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY
49:What is Cultural Validity and Why is it Ignored?
- WHAT IS CULTURAL VALIDITY?
- VALIDITY OF EXPRESSED EMOTIONS RESEARCH IN SOUTH ASIA
- WHY IS CULTURAL VALIDITY IGNORED?
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
50:A Cultural Critique of Community Psychiatry in India
- WHAT AILS COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY IN INDIA? THREE VIGNETTES
- BRIEF CULTURAL HISTORY OF COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY IN INDIA
- CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  - Understanding Communities
    - From Cultural Incongruity to Cultural Negotiation
    - From a Bureaucratic Model to a Multiplicity of Models
- CONCLUSION
51:Pills that Swallow Policy: Clinical Ethnography of a Community Mental Health Programme in Northern India
- INTRODUCTION
- THE ‘POLICY’ PILL
- COMPLIANCE WITH MEDICATION: THE PILL AS A BOUNDARY MARKER
- ‘SARKARI DAVAI’ (GOVERNMENT MEDICINE): COMMUNITY REACTIONS TO GOVERNMENT SERVICES
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- NOTES
52:Eco-psychiatry: Culture, Mental Health and Ecology with Special Reference to India
- CONCEPTS RELEVANT TO ECOPSYCHIATRY
- DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF ECOPSYCHIATRY
- ECOPSYCHIATRIC ISSUES—ECOLOGY AND MENTAL HEALTH
- ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND HUMAN HEALTH
- SOCIAL CHANGE AND ECOLOGY
- DISASTERS
- URBANIZATION, CITY ECOLOGY AND MENTAL HEALTH
- HIGH-RISE AND METRO-RAIL
- DEFORESTATION
- DEVELOPMENT-INDUCED POPULATION DISPLACEMENT
- CLIMATE CHANGE
- ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
- ECO-SPECIFICITY AND MENTAL HEALTH: A CASE STUDY FROM SUNDARBAN, WEST BENGAL, INDIA
- SOME PRACTICAL STEPS IN CLINICAL COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY
  - Culture and Health are Interwoven: Two Glaring Examples
- CONCLUSION
53:Stigmatization of Severe Mental Illness in India: Against the Simple Industrialization Hypothesis
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
- APPENDIX: STIGMATIZATION QUESTIONNAIRE5,14
54:Psychiatric Stigma Across Cultures: Local Validation in Bangalore and London
- METHODS
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
55:Clinical Appeal of Cultural Formulations in Rural Mental Health: A Manual
- WHAT IS CULTURE?
- DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY
56:Cultural Dimensions of Health-Seeking Behavior for Psychiatric Disorders in North India: An Exploration of Medical Pluralism
- INTRODUCTION
- ORIENTATION TO THE TEMPLES AND THE HEALING TRADITION
- THE NETWORK OF HEALERS IN BALAJI
- BACKGROUND AND HELP-SEEKING PATHWAYS OF PATIENTS
  - Sociodemographic Findings
  - Prior Help-seeking
- ON SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSES OF PATIENTS FROM TWO PERSPECTIVES
- THREE ACCOUNTS OF HELP-SEEKING
- SUMMING UP FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
SECTION XII: PERSONAL AND POPULAR NARRATIVES OF SUFFERING
57:Experiences and Reflections from the Parent of a Schizophrenic Daughter
- ONSET OF THE PROBLEM
  - Overlooking of the Problem at Home and at School/College
  - Wrong Beliefs in the Treatment Process of a Schizophrenic
- HANDLING OF A SCHIZOPHRENIC AT HOME
- SOCIETY AND STIGMA
  - The Right Treatment and Athma Shakti Vidyalaya Bengaluru
- GREAT RELIEF TO THE PATIENT AND THE PARENTS
58:Gopalan
59:Mind Snare
- MILLIONS OF FAMILIES ARE STRUGGLING WITH PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESSES WITH ALMOST NO SUPPORT: DIVYA GUPTA SURVEYS A LANDSCAPE OF INTENSE DESPAIR—AND HOPE
  - Garima, recently left home for the first in three years. While she was away her sister hit her mother
  - There are only 43 government hospitals for the mentally ill and only one serving the North-East
SECTION XIII: APPENDIX (REPRINTS OF HISTORICAL PAPERS)
60:A Model for Rural Psychiatric Services—Raipur Rani Experience
- MENTAL ILLNESS AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL
- ISSUES
- THE STUDY AREA
- PROGRESS AND OBSERVATION
- HEALTH STAFF INTERViEW
- SCREENING OF THE GENERAL HEALTH CLINIC POPULATION (ADULTS)
- SCREENING OF THE GENERAL HEALTH CLINIC POPULATION (CHILDREN)
- COMMUNITY ATTITUDE TO MENTAL DISORDERS
- PRIORITY SELECTION
- RURAL PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS (Wig et al., 1980; Murthy et al., 1979)
- TRAINING OF THE HEALTH PERSONNEL
- TRAINING MANUAL (Wig et al., 1980)
- TRAINING PROGRAMS (Wig et al., 1980; Wig and Murthy, 1980)
- SUPERVISION AND SUPPORT OF THE HEALTH PERSONNEL
- DECENTRALIZATION OF SERVICES
- OBSERVATION DURING SUPERVISION OF HEALTH PERSONNEL
- ADMINISTRATIVE
  - Clinical
  - Others (Miscellaneous)
- COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT AND HEALTH EDUCATION ACTIVITY
- IMPLICATIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
61:Mental Health Delivery Through Rural Primary Care—Development and Evaluation of a Training Programme
- CONTEXT
- OBJECTIVES
- TRAINEE CHARACTERISTICS
- RESOURCES
- PROCESS
- EFFECTS
- DISCUSSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- APPENDIX
  - I. Manual of instructions in Mental health for Basic Health Workers:
  - II. Manual of Instructions in Mental Health for Primary Health Centre Doctors:
62:ICMR-DST: Collaborative Study on Severe Mental Morbidity*
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
- 3. THE PRESENT STUDY
- 4. PHASE I: DEVELOPMENT, MODIFICATION AND TRANSLATION OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
- 5. PHASE II: TRAINING OF PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE PERSONNEL AND INTERVENTION BY TRAINED PERSONNEL
- 6. PHASE II: FIELD SURVEY
- 7. DISCUSSION
- 8. ISSUES EMERGING OUT OF THE STUDY
- EPILOGUE
  - Recent Developments in Community Mental Health Care

INDEX

TOC
Index

Chapter Notes