Swapan Kumar
Dey
PhD
Scientific Officer Sports Authority of India
Kolkata,
West Bengal,
India
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A Textbook of Sports and Exercise Physiology
First Edition: 2012
9789350258736
Printed at
fm5Dedicated to
fm7Preface
Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of human in good health, their organs and the cells of which they are composed. The principal level of focus of physiology is at the level of organs and systems. These organs and systems work in a systematic manner to accomplish all the functions of human body. For example, the air we inhale from the atmosphere to our lungs and oxygen is carried through blood to the tissue where food particles are burned and produced energy is utilized for various activities performed, and the carbon dioxide produced along with energy are also carried out by blood to the lungs from where we exhale it out to the atmosphere. Not only but also in the resting condition, this phenomenon continues even during sleep when the individual is completely at rest physically as well as mentally. Exercise physiology is the study of the functions of human body during various acute and chronic exercise conditions. These effects are significant during both short and high-intensity exercises, as well as with prolonged strenuous exercises performed in endurance sports like marathons, ultramarathons, road bicycle racing, channel swimming, etc.
This book contains fifteen chapters, which represents the various aspects of exercise physiology with special reference given to sports and games. Historical perspective of exercise physiology is the first chapter, as it discusses how the sports physiology has evolved from physiology. The chapter mainly highlights how Harvard Fatigue Laboratory worked on physiology and the importance of studying the physiology of human movement with special interest in the effects of environmental stress. The chapter also depicts the emergence of Scandinavian influence along with contemporary exercise and sports physiology. Finally, it describes the role of exercise physiology in high performance sports.
Chapter 2 represents the basic units of life, i.e. the structure and functions of cell, tissue, organ and the various systems of human body. All the organ systems are described with suitable diagrams. All systems like cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular and endocrine system are represented in Chapter 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. Moreover, how cardiovascular and respiratory systems transport nutrients and respiratory gases to the active muscles and waste products away from the body. The emphasis is given to how these systems respond to the effect of maximal and submaximal exercises. These chapters also depict the effects of training with special reference to sports and games.
Chapter 7 represents the basic energy systems that provide the energy needed during rest and at different levels of exercise. Diet, nutrition and supplements for the sports persons are described in Chapter 8. The chapter deals with the use of food supplements to improve athletic performance and also the food for athletes during, before and after competition. Finally, the importance of water balance in the body during exercise in hot and humid conditions are discussed. In Chapters 9 and 10, the discussion is particularly based on three different groups’ of people, i.e. young children, aged and women athletes. The chapter starts with the process of growth and development and their effects on athletic performance. The changes that occur in physical performance due to progress of age and how physical activities can prolong the youthfulness are discussed. Finally, the gender difference and some special physiological concerns of female athletes have been elaborated in this chapter.
The impact of the external environment on physical performance is depicted in Chapter 11. It discusses how the body responses to heat and cold and the impact of low atmospheric pressure, i.e. experience at higher altitudes. The symptoms, causes and recovery from the fatigue are elaborated in Chapter 12. The attention is also paid on three important chapters of this book, which is related to the sports and exercises are listed in Chapters 13, 14 and 15. The process of identification of talent is one of the most important aspects in modern sports. fm8After identifying the talent, another important factor is grooming and finally to bring them upto the elite level. The process adopted by the Sports Authority of India for their talent hunt program is also discussed elaborately. The focus has been shifted from physiological functions to various anthropometric measurements. All the anthropometric measurements, equipments and the measurement techniques are elaborately discussed in Chapter 14. Finally, the abuse of drug, use of ergogenic aids, substances responsible for improvement of sports performance illegally and what are their consequences, are discussed in details in the concluding chapter of this book.
Exercise and sports physiology is a growing subject. This is an upcoming notion emerging in the field of human physiology. However, application of sports science to achieve excellence in sports is well established. The exercise physiology is introduced in the syllabus of many universities. But books in this area are scanty. However, this book is designed for the student readers, with the goal of making their learning easy and enjoyable. I am sure that the graduate and postgraduate students of physical education, human physiology, sports coaching, sports sciences, coaches, trainers, scientist, etc. will be immensely benefited by this book. The text of this book is written comprehensively but in simple sentences with many examples, tables and diagrams. Care is taken, while writing the text for its practical application by the coaches/trainers.
At the end of each chapter, a summary of the chapter is included which provides the insight of the whole text. Besides summary, at the end of all chapters, the review questions are included to allow the students to test their knowledge about the chapter's contents. At the end of the book, a thorough index is listed for easy reference. Many of you will read this book only because it is a required text for a required course. But I hope that the information will entice you to continue to study in this relatively new and exciting area. This is not only for those who pursues their career as exercise or sports physiologist but also for anyone who wants to be physically active and lead healthy life.
Swapan Kumar Dey
fm9Acknowledgments
I would like to extend my gratitude to a number of people for their generous help and assistance. First and the foremost, I would like to thank Sri ASV Prasad, former Executive Director of Sports Authority of India for his inspiration and valuable suggestion. I would further convey my thanks to Regional Director, Sports Authority of India, Eastern Center, Kolkata, West Bengal and Dr G Kishore, Director, Sports Authority of India, Southern Center, Bangaluru, Karnataka for their generous support and encouragement. I am grateful to my esteemed organization, the Sports Authority of india for giving me such an opportunity to work in this field.
I would also be thankful to Dr Parthasarathi Debray, Lecturer, Udaipur College, Tripura and Nabanita Debnath, Former Research Scholar, Department of Physiology, Sports Authority of India, Kolkata, West Bengal for their active cooperation and help to prepare this manuscript. Special thanks is also due to Dr TK Ghosh, Reader, Department of Physiology, City College, Kolkata, West Bengal for his valuable suggestions.
I have no words to express my sincere thanks to Sri Samir Kumar Dey for his generous encouragement to write this book. I thankfully acknowledge Sri Tuhin Subhra Neogi, Scientific Assistant and Triparna Banerjee, Department of Physiology, Sports Authority of India, Kolkata for their active cooperation and help to prepare this manuscript. I am also grateful to my colleagues of the faculty of Sports Sciences, Sports Authority of India, Kolkata, West Bengal for their continuous support.
And finally, I would like to thank my wife Sipra and son Sayan who have taken the entire burden while I am writing, rewriting, editing, and finally proofing this book. Their patience and support can never be compensated. This book would not have come into light without their tireless encouragement and sincere cooperation.fm10