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Vertigo: Clinical Practice and Examination
Prepageran Narayanan, Philip Rajan Devesahayam
1:
Key Terms
2:
Causes of Dizziness
VESTIBULAR DISORDERS
Peripheral Vestibular Disorders
Central Vestibular Disorders
MEDICAL DISORDERS
General Medical
Cardiovascular
Hematological
Endocrine/Metabolic
Neurological
DRUGS
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
OTHERS
3:
Vestibular System
PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
CENTRAL VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
BASIC PHYSIOLOGY
Functions
4:
Features of a Vestibular Disorder
5:
Peripheral Vestibular Disorders
ACUTE PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR DISORDERS
Meniere's Disease
Diagnosis of Meniere's Disease
Treatment
Vestibular Neuritis
Treatment
Labyrinthitis
Treatment
MECHANICAL DISTURBANCE OF SEMICIRCULAR CANALS
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
Ampula of Semicircular Canals
Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Perilymph Fistula
Causes of Perilymph Fistula
Signs and Symptoms
Management
6:
Central Vestibular Disorders
CENTRAL VESTIBULAR CAUSES OF VERTIGO
Migraine
Stroke
Drugs
Arnold Chiari Malformation
Space Occupying Lesions (SOL)
Others
7:
Vertigo or Dizziness in Special Circumstances
PHYSIOLOGICAL VERTIGO
Motion Sickness
Mal de Debarquement Syndrome
Height Vertigo
DRUGS ASSOCIATED WITH DIZZINESS
Ototoxic Drugs
Topical Antibiotic Guidelines
DIZZINESS IN THE ELDERLY
Management
DIZZINESS IN PREGNANCY
DIZZINESS IN CHILDREN
POST-TRAUMATIC VERTIGO
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Acute Labyrinthine Failure
Acute Labyrinthine or Brainstem Concussion
Perilymph Fistula
Postconcussion Syndrome
Whiplash Injury
Malingering
CERVICAL VERTIGO
Vascular Compression
Sympathetic Plexus Irritation (Barré-Liéou Syndrome)
Inflammation of the Deep Cervical Muscles or Intervertebral Ligaments
8:
Examination
GENERAL EXAMINATION
ENT EXAMINATION
Tuning Fork Tests
Rinne's Test (Table 8.1)
Weber's Test (Table 8.2)
NEUROTOLOGIC EXAMINATION
Spontaneous and Gaze Evoked Nystagmus
Nystagmus
Spontaneous and Gaze Evoked Nystagmus
Nystagmus of Acute Peripheral Vestibular Origin
Alexander's Law
OCULOMOTOR TESTS
Fixation
Smooth Pursuit
Saccades
Convergence
SPECIAL VESTIBULAR TESTS
Halmagyi/Head Impulse Test
Test
Head Shake Test
Test
Vestibulo-ocular Reflex Suppression
Oscillopsia Test
Test
TESTS OF THE VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT
Gait
Romberg's
CEREBELLAR TESTS
Past-pointing
Rapid Alternating Movement
TESTS FOR SEMICIRCULAR CANAL MECHANICAL DISORDERS
Positional Tests (Dix-Hallpike Maneuver)
Valsalva Test
Fistula Test
TESTS FOR UTRICULAR/OTOLITHIC DYSFUNCTION
Eye Cover Test—for Skew Deviation
Ocular Tilt Reaction
Subjective Visual Vertical
OTHER TESTS
Hyperventilation Test
9:
Investigations
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG)
BLOOD INVESTIGATIONS
PURE TONE AUDIOGRAM
RADIOLOGY
Acoustic Neuroma
SPECIAL VESTIBULAR INVESTIGATIONS
Videonystagmography/Electronystagmography
Video Head Impulse Test
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMP)
Caloric Testing
Method
Outcome Measure
Electrocochleography
Measures
Dynamic Posturography
Uses
Rotatory Chair
10:
Principles of Management
PHARMACOTHERAPY
Acute Management (Symptomatic)
Treatment for Acute Dystonias
Specific Therapy
Adjunctive Therapy
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Meniere's Disease—Surgical Options
Endolymphatic Sac Surgery
Vestibular Nerve Section
Labyrinthectomy
Intratympanic Medication
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo—Surgical Options
Singular Neurectomy (Posterior Ampullary Nerve Section)
Posterior Semicircular Canal Occlusion
VESTIBULAR REHABILITATION
Rehabilitation
Mechanisms
Physical Exercises
11:
Guide to Evaluating a Dizzy Patient
EXAMINATION
INVESTIGATION
Appendix
FLOW CHART GUIDE FOR GENERAL PRACTICE
Bibliography
INDEX
TOC
Index
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