Second Edition
Byas Deb Ghosh
Professor of Anatomy DKMMHMC Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Forewords
Ramjee Singh SM Desarda Jadi Rajamallu Tanmoy Mitra
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Human Anatomy for Students
First Edition: 2007
Second Edition: 2013
9789350259429
Printed at
5Dedicated to
My Guru
Professor Bidhu Bhusan Jana
7Foreword
A simple and complete book on anatomy has long been felt. It is because the anatomy teaching period has been reduced, and having weak command over English language to grasp it properly.
Human Anatomy for Students covers all chapters of anatomy in a very attractive way, and collection of a lot of uncommon questions with those answers which are palatable and easily perceived, presented in a very simple and easy language.
It covers the syllabi of all universities imparting education in health sciences field. I am confident that the book will not only help the students but also the teaching communities and professionals of the field.
The book also covers clinical anatomy in all chapters which are very useful for the medical students, postgraduate aspirants and the professionals to acquire thorough knowledge about anatomy.
Ramjee Singh
President
Central Council of Homoeopathy (Statutory Body)
Ministry of Health
Government of India
New Delhi, India
9Foreword
The necessity of a complete book in easy language is universal. One cannot ignore the fact that despite dissemination of education and knowledge, the standard of English language is falling day by day which in turn means that the language of the book should be simple and easy to understand. It must be noted that for using easy language, one must have command over the language. I have no hesitation to say that Dr Byas Deb Ghosh is one such person. Nowadays, it is generally felt that there is not good rapport between the students and teachers. However, we come across exception to these general maxima. One such exception is Dr Ghosh. He is a very popular teacher—so much that he can lecture throughout the day, but students remain attentive throughout the lecture.
I am sure that students and teachers related to different syllabi of various health universities will definitely be benefitted by this book.
SM Desarda
Principal
DKMMHMC
Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Member, Central Council of Homoeopathy
Ministry of Health
Government of India
New Delhi, India
11Foreword
Hearty congratulations to Dr Byas Deb Ghosh for shortly bringing out the second edition of Human Anatomy for Students since the first edition has made great advances, especially in microscopic anatomy, embryology, osteology and the entire knowledge was embodied from time to time.
The book has been thoroughly recast according to the need of medical students and syllabus provided by Medical Council of India (MCI). Oral questions and answers have been rearranged and updated for various universities. Every system of human anatomy is well explained and easily understandable diagrams are arranged at suitable places. It is a very good and useful book to prepare for examination and acquire knowledge for every medical student.
Jadi Rajamallu
Professor and Head
Department of Anatomy
PBH Medical College
Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India
13Foreword
Popularity of a book depends upon the palatable language and to-the-point comprehensive presentation. That has been the key to success of the previous edition and more so to this edition of the book. In the last decade, it has been a challenge to any author to match the speed of search engine of e-media. It has a combination of systemic and regional anatomy which is just appropriate for easy search. Schematic diagrams as well as original dissected photographs meet both the purpose of easy comprehensive diagrams for exam-oriented study and gathering concept of original parts. Purpose of reading anatomy has been explained excellently by illustrated clinical anatomy. I am sure that this edition will be very much helpful to all the undergraduate and postgraduate students of anatomy at every level. I wish all the success for the efforts taken by my senior colleague.
Tanmoy Mitra
Lecturer
Department of Anatomy
DKMMHMC
Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
15Preface to the Second Edition
Over the years, as a writer, I have always tried to present more and more simplified versions of anatomy book. In my 30 years' teaching experience, I have realized that the so-called tough subject like anatomy can be made very interesting and easy if it is presented in a lucid and palatable language.
In this edition, therefore, efforts have been taken to make the book more comprehensive. At the same time, this edition has been upgraded with more information to meet the requirements of both undergraduate and postgraduate students with different syllabi of various universities. Thus, a more complete book with all aspects of theory and practical knowledge has been presented.
In this edition, chapters have been rearranged for more convenient grasping. Within the chapters, the text has been arranged in a pattern so that students can easily get a ready answer for both long questions as well as short notes.
Latest printing technology has been well utilized to upgrade this edition with compact and beautiful presentation. Most of the illustrations have been upgraded with addition of many real photographs of dissected specimens and comprehensive easy schematic diagrams. The entire approach is such as to attract and inspire the students for deeper perception of anatomy.
This edition has been fortified with elaborate Surface marking and Histology chapters. A number of X-ray plates have been added to easily comprehend Radiology chapter.
The main key to grow interest in anatomy and retain the knowledge in memory for a long time is comprehensive dissection. Therefore, dissection part has been enlarged with addition of lucid comprehensive methodology. Each and every chapter of this edition is ornamented with more information of clinical and applied anatomy.
Various applied aspects of utility of anatomical knowledge have been elaborated in all chapters. Thus, knowledge of clinical diagnosis has got the most importance, so that any medical student or professional will get more and more interest in the subject of anatomy.
The entire approach is such to satisfy the requirements of each and every student. Simultaneously, it will be very helpful to any teacher to present any topic to the students in a lucid, comprehensive and palatable manner. I hope all of you will enjoy learning anatomy at large.
I cannot remain silent from speaking on record that I am inspired by my teachers, colleagues working in DKMMHMC, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India and also GMHMC, Shelgaon, Jalna, Maharashtra, India, to write the book.
I express my gratitude to those persons who criticized my earlier books An Approach to Human Anatomy and Advanced Anatomy. It helped me a lot to overcome my lapses and inspired me to undertake the present venture. I am really grateful to them and hope that they will inform me about any flaws found by them in the present edition.16
Even after many efforts, there may be errors of omission and commission as this is almost a single-handed attempt. I would be grateful to the readers for the suggestion to improve this book from all angles.
I do not boast but I am lucky enough to get a good healthy environment in DKMMHMC college campus having well-equipped Dissection Hall and Anatomy Museum. The facilities made available by college authorities helped me a lot to write this book. In preparing this book I consulted numerous authorities and referred many textbooks, medical dictionaries, etc.
Byas Deb Ghosh
17Preface to the First Edition
As a teacher of anatomy, with experience of about 25 years, I have always felt that anatomy is a hard subject for a majority of students. The reason for the notion is that most of the anatomy books are very elaborate and as such the students loose their patience and thereby concentration of mind. The authors of such books thus neither fulfill the needs nor meet the requirements of the students.
Keeping in view the above shortcomings, I have made an effort to meet out the requirements of each and every undergraduate and postgraduate student of medical sciences in a reliable manner so that they are well acquainted with problems of theoretical, practical and oral examinations including dissection, radiology, etc. Therefore, much importance is given to histology so that everyone could reach into the depth of human anatomy. Much importance is given to the applied anatomy of collective information on various aspects and materials in every chapter and important diagnosis for each concept.
I cannot refrain from placing on record that I am inspired by my teachers/colleagues working in DKMMHMC, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India, to write the book. The students of 2005-2006 (1st year) batch also extended a helping hand in achieving the goal.
It goes without saying that for writing in easy language, one must have command over the language. I do not boast but I am lucky enough to get a good and healthy environment in the college campus, having well-equipped Dissection Hall and Anatomy Museum. The facilities made available by college authorities helped me a lot to write the book. In preparing the book I consulted numerous authorities and anatomists, referred many textbooks, medical dictionaries, etc.
I express my gratitude to those persons who criticized my earlier books An Approach to Human Anatomy and Advanced Anatomy as it helped me a lot to overcome my lapses and inspired me to undertake the present venture. I remain grateful to them and hope that they will inform me of any flaw found by them.
I am grateful to M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India, for bringing out the book for the health sciences students and professionals.
Byas Deb Ghosh
19Acknowledgments
I am very much grateful to Dr Ramjee Singh, President, Central Council of Homoeopathy (CCH), New Delhi, who made me popular in the field of anatomy in India and abroad.
I express my sincere gratitude to Dr SM Desarda, Principal, DKMMHMC, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. I am indebted to him as he guided me all the way and gave precious suggestions during the period of my work and my effort to bring out Human Anatomy for Students (Second edition). I am also thankful to Dr (Mrs) KS Desarda, Vice-Principal, DKMMHMC and Dr Yogesh Desarda, Medical Director of GMHMC, for their valuable guidance for completing the book.
I am grateful to thank my beloved Guru in Anatomy, Dr (Prof.) BB Jana, Principal and Head, Department of Anatomy, PCMHMC, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, who enlightened my career in anatomy with his valuable thoughts.
My sincere thanks are also to: Dr KR Pal, Dr A Bhowmick, Dr RN Bhattarcharya, Dr Gautam Ash, Dr Mrinal Mukherjee, Dr Netai Ghosh, Dr Monotosh Pahari, Dr Timir Baran Datta, Dr RN Ghosh, Dr BN Roychowdhury, Dr Rajamallu Jadi and Dr Ramesh Chavan of Chandrapur, Dr Pradip Das, Dr BB Hati, Dr Sk Hasina, Dr Racharla Praveen Kumar (for consistent support and inspiration), Dr Sarika Ingle, Dr Sachin Pawar, Dr Leena Badgujar, Dr Preeti Deshmukh, Dr Keshav Rathod, Dr S Chormale, Dr Tarun Chowdhury of Ludhiana, Dr Mukesh Jaiswal of Uttar Pradesh, Dr Ravindra Kumar (Principal), Dr DP Singh, Dr Kalyan Swarup, Dr Gayatri Singh, Mr Sudhir Kumar and Dr RB Singh of GHMC, Gaya, Bihar, India; Dr UK Jawahar (Principal) Magadh HMC, Nalanda, Bihar, India; Dr Bharat Kumar Singh (Principal) and Dr Prabhat Kumar of SHMC, Darbhanga, Bihar, India; Dr MC Chaudhary (Principal) MKHMCH, Siwan, Bihar, India; Dr BM Ojha (Principal), Dr UK Verma (Vice-Principal), Dr Mukesh Kumar and Dr Pritam Gupta of GDMHMCH, Patna, Bihar, India.
Dr Tanmoy Mitra (for the most valuable advice to make the book palatable for the students), Dr Praveen Dilpe, Dr Buddhadeb Mukhapadhya, Dr Mansi Kulkarni (helping me in clinical anatomy), Dr BL Dudhmal, (Principal), GMHMC, Shelgaol, Jalna, Maharashtra, India; Dr Sujit Pal, Dr Sundara Jothi, Dr A Arulraj, Dr Onkar, S Kulkarni, Dr Usha Garje, Dr Pranali Jain, Dr Dipti Nathani and Dr GD Prasad, Nasik, Maharashtra, India.
Dr Somnath Ganguly (Principal), Dr Anil Mishra of Chandola, HMC Rudrapur, Uttrakhand, India; Dr Mahendra Jain (Director and Principal), Dr Fani Bhushan Soni, Dr Akhilesh Tare of Arihant, HMC and Research Center, Barbani, Sendhwa, Madhya Pradesh, India; Dr Ramesh Soni of Gondia, Dr Jaikumar Bhanuse, Alephata and Alam Khan.
The students of DKMMHMC, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India, whose devotion and real sense in anatomy under the leadership of Kalyani Keshav Jadhav and also Anuja Shingate, Sabhyata Gawande, Madhuri Awate, Kalpana Pawar, Ashwini Padul, Gorakh Jadhav, Karishma Dilip Chhabda, Siddam Shetty, Sampath Kumar, Manish Kumar Tiwari, Mahale Sandeep Salve, Puja Vaidya, Kirti Subhash Kale, Bhagyashree kadam, Manju Gusai, Naushin Siddiqui, Sadhana Kachkure, Kiran Borade, Bhagyashree Lad, Sarika Kadam, Sonali Paighaim, Arun Gaikwad Snehal, Bisakha Sancheti, Bhabna Jetwar, Rutuja Chaplgaokar and Jaya Chandnani.20
Amol Jadhav, Amol Videkar, Vipul Kale, Kailash Bankar, Sriram Satpate, Aditya Harel, Umesh Dindhore, Raj Bandre, Ananta Joshi, Raju Bagal, Amol Giram, Vishnu Khandebharad, Sachin Sanap, Sudhir Lakhmale, Kuber Balu, Himanshu Shekhar, Avishek Kumar, Rukhmini Khandebharad, Priyanka Hiwrekar, Sonika Bonsode, Pallavi Pawar, Joyti More, Aarti Kadam, Chhaya Waghmare, Pooja Chavan and Varsha Khaire who are with me through the way in preparing the book.
I am equally grateful to my professors and colleagues for their encouragement and valuable help in writing the book of anatomy. My special thanks are to my students who enabled me to feel their difficulties, which was a great inspiration in writing the book.
Dr Balachandran, GMHMC, Shelgaon, Maharashtra, India gave his in-depth effort to make the book colorful.
I am thankful to Dr TK Saha, Dr Rameshwar Patil and Amruta Langade, who helped me in preparing the diagrams.
I am also grateful to Dibyendu Sarkar, who with his expert artistic skill in computer technology has drawn all the diagrams of the book. He has accompanied me overnight to portray these precious diagrams which will certainly help medical students preparing for their examinations.
I am thankful to Samir Kumar Kar for layout, design and composing of the book. I convey my gratitude to Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Mr Tarun Duneja (Director–Publishing), Mr PG Bandhu (Senior Director Sales), Mr KK Raman (Production Manager), Mr Sunil Kumar Dogra (Production Executive), Mr Neelambar Pant (Production Coordinator), Mr Manoj Pahuja (Senior Graphic Designer), Dr Mohd Naved, Mr Varun Rana, Mr Vinod Kumar Sharma, Mr Bharat Bhushan Verma, Mr Sandip Gupta, Mr Prasun Bhattacharyya and Mr Sabyascahi Hazra of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India, who popularized the book throughout the world.
I am grateful to Dr RS Ghosh, Radiologist, who helped me in editing the radiology chapter. I am thankful to Mr Arun Dalapati, Millennium Lab., who supplied me the radiology plates to enrich the radiology chapter.
Ms Payel Ghosh, my beloved daughter, showered her love and affection in me and to encouraged me during tough stages in writing of the book.
I am thankful and grateful to Dr Sucheta Ghosh due to her devotion in work, thinking and planning for each and every word of this book.