Disease Outbreak Management: Hospital Administrators’ Perspective Shakti Kumar Gupta, Sunil Kant, Jitendra Kumar Sharma
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1DISEASE OUTBREAK MANAGEMENT: Hospital Administrators’ Perspective
2“Nise Dominus Frusta”
“Without God We can Do Nothing”
3DISEASE OUTBREAK MANAGEMENT: Hospital Administrators’ Perspective
Shakti Kumar GuptaMBBS MHA (AIIMS) FNAMS FIHE FAHA FIMSA Head Department of Hospital Administration Medical Superintendent All India Institute of Medical Sciences Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences and Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre New Delhi, India Sunil KantMBBS DCE DCA MBA MHA Army Medical Corps Jitendra Kumar SharmaPhD MBA PGHEP PGCQM PGHM LSM (Harvard School) Clinical Faculty University of Adelaide, Australia
4
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Disease Outbreak Management: Hospital Administrators’ Perspective
First Edition: 2013
9789350259900
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5Dedicated to
The extraordinary efforts of all those who have contributed in the mitigation of adverse events and prevention of disease outbreaks6
7Preface
Disease outbreaks are inevitable and often unpredictable events. Early identification of the cause and the source of the outbreak can limit the spread of the outbreak. A rapid outbreak response can reduce morbidity, mortality and disability by promoting appropriate, evidence-based and prompt case management. An outbreak plan provides guidance on managing outbreaks of communicable disease in health facilities. It is intended to ensure prompt action to recognize an outbreak of communicable disease, eliminate the source, stop further spread, prevent recurrence, and ensure effective communication between all concerned. The key to a good response is adequate planning, multistage assessment and comprehensive response. The book details the various issues that would emerge in a healthcare institution while responding to a disease outbreak. It is a known fact that in times of a disease outbreak, health systems are under stress and resources far overstretched. Prioritizing the issues, pre-set strategy, standardized protocols, and methodology to assess the preparedness, are some of the key factors which are essential and have been dealt with in the book.
The role of hospital administrators in handling a disease outbreak situation has been elaborated. While the sudden increase in patient load tends to create barriers on the day-to-day functioning of the hospitals, the control and response to the disease becomes challenging. Comprehensive understanding of the role that hospital administrators have to assume during disease outbreaks should be specified for effective and efficient management of disease outbreaks which could lead to a larger community benefit and a greater health protection. A checklist has been developed utilizing which the hospitals can rate and assess their preparedness status. Gaps if 8any, in planning and implementation process may accordingly be reduced/eliminated. The book is intended for hospital administrators, healthcare providers, medical superintendents and clinico-managerial executives for efficient management of outbreak response. It will be of immense benefit to healthcare institutions and hospitals in strengthening their capacity and assuring multifocal strategy while managing situations arising out of a disease outbreak. It will also aid policy-makers in enunciating/amending/augmenting operational and strategic policies related to disease outbreak management.
Authors
9Abbreviations ADR
Adverse Drug Reaction
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
BMWM
Bio-Medical Waste Management
BSNL
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
CBRN
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
CDC
Center for Disease Control
CSSD
Central Sterile Supply Department
DEPT
Department
EI
Epidemic Intelligence
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HOCT
Hospital Outbreak Control Team
ICT
Infection Control Team
IDSP
Integrated Disease Surveillance Project
IHR
International Health Regulations
MII
Malaria Institute of India
MTNL
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited
NAMP
National Anti-Malaria Programme
NDMA
National Disaster Management Authority
NICD
National Institute of Communicable Diseases
NMEP
National Malaria Eradication Programme
OCT
Outbreak Control Team
OPD
Outpatient Department
PCR
Polymerase Chain Reaction
PFGE
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
PV
Pharmacovigilance
QRT
Quick Reaction Team
RT-PCR
Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction
RRT
Rapid Response Team
SARS
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SARS-CV
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus10
SOCO
Single Overriding Communication Objective
SOPs
Standing Operating Procedures
STEC
Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli
UTs
Union Territories
VAP
Ventilator-associated Pneumonia
VISA
Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus
VRSA
Vancomycin Respiratory Staphylococcus aureus
WHO
World Health Organization