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Experimental Pharmacology for Undergraduates & Postgraduates
J Sujatha Devi
PART A: EXPERIMENTS FOR THE UNDERGRADUATES
1:
Effect of Drugs on the Isolated Skeletal Muscle (Frog Rectus Muscle)
EFFECT OF ACETYL CHOLINE
Aim
Apparatus Required
Nutrient Solution
Drugs Used
Arrangement of the Bath
Dissection and Mounting of the Tissue
Procedure
Effect of Acetyl Choline
Inference
POTENTIATING EFFECT OF PHYSOSTIGMINE
Inference
BLOCKING EFFECT OF D-TUBOCURARINE
Inference
How to Proceed in the Practical Examination?
Inference
Inference
Inference
2:
Effect of Drugs on Isolated Smooth Muscle (Rat Colon)
EFFECT OF ACETYL CHOLINE
Aim
Apparatus Required
Nutrient Solution
Drug Used
Mounting of the Tissue
Effect of ACh on Isolated Rat Colon
Inference
POTENTIATING EFFECT OF PHYSOSTIGMINE
Inference
BLOCKING EFFECT OF ATROPINE ON ISOLATED RAT COLON
Inference
Probable Oral Questions
3:
Effect of Drugs on Isolated Smooth Muscle (Guinea Pig Ileum)
EFFECT OF HISTAMINE
Constituents of Nutrient Solution
Mounting of the Tissue
Effect of Histamine
Inference
BLOCKING EFFECT OF ANTIHISTAMINE
Inference
Probable Oral Questions
4:
Effect of Drugs on Rabbit's Eye
MIOTIC EFFECT OF PHYSOSTIGMINE
Aim
Requirements
Procedure
Inference
MYDRIATIC EFFECT OF ATROPINE SULPHATE ON RABBIT'S EYE
Inference
Probable Oral Questions
5:
Effect of Drugs on Ciliary Movement of Frog Esophagus
EFFECT OF CHOLINERGIC DRUG
Aim
Apparatus Required
Procedure
Inference
EFFECT OF ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUG
Aim
Apparatus Required
Procedure
Inference
Probable Oral questions
6:
Experiment to Evaluate Local Anesthetic Action
EFFECT OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS ON FROG
Aim
Requirements
Dissection
Procedure
Inference
Probable Oral Questions
EFFECT OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS ON RABBIT
Aim
Requirements
Drug
Procedure
Inference
EFFECT OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC ON GUINEA PIG
Aim
Apparatus Required
Drug
Procedure
Inference
7:
Action of General Anesthetics on Ratsz
EFFECT OF VOLATILE ANESTHETIC DRUG
Apparatus Required
Anesthetics Used
Procedure
Inference
EFFECT OF NONVOLATILE ANESTHETIC DRUG
Anesthetic Used
Procedure
Inference
Probable Oral Questions
8:
Action of Analgesics on Mice
EFFECT OF NONOPIOID ANALGESIC DRUG
Aim
Analgesics Used
Procedure
Physical Method—The Tail Clip Method
Inference
Thermal Method—Hot Plate Method
Inference
Thermal Method—Hot water method—tail flick method
Inference
Chemical Method—Writhing Test
Inference
EFFECT OF OPIOID ANALGESIC DRUG
Aim
Apparatus Required
Analgesics Used
Procedure
Physical Method—The Tail Clip Method
Inference
Thermal Method—Hot Plate Method
Inference
Thermal Method—Hot Water method—Tail Flick Method
Inference
Chemical Method—Writhing Test
Inference
Probable Oral Questions
9:
Chemical Test to Identify Drugs in Biological Solution
IDENTIFY DRUG BY USING CHEMICALS
Test for Alkaloids
Inference
Test for Glycosides
Inference
Test for Salicylic Acid
Inference
Test for Barbiturates
Inference
Test for Phenothiazines
Inference
IDENTIFY DRUG BY USING ANIMALS
Inference
Probable Oral Question
10:
To Study the Effect of CNS Stimulants
CNS STIMULANTS IN MICE
Aim
Requirements
Procedure
1. Motor Activity
2. Response to Stimulus
3. Alertness
4. Aggressiveness
5. Righting Reflex
6. Corneal Reflex
7. Pinnal Reflex
Inference
11:
To Study the Effect of CNS Depressants
CNS DEPRESSANTS IN MICE
Aim
Requirements
Procedure
1. Motor Activity
2. Response to Stimulus
3. Alertness
4. Aggressiveness
5. Righting Reflex
6. Corneal Reflex
7. Pinnal Reflex
Inference
12:
To Study the Effect of Drugs on Isolated Heart Preparation
ISOLATED FROG HEART
Aim
Apparatus
Composition of Frog Ringer Solution (5 litres)
Drugs Used
Procedure
Effects Demonstrated on the Drum
Probable Oral Questions
13:
Charts
Qualitative charts
QUANTITATIVE CHARTS
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY CHARTS
DRUG INTERACTION CHARTS
PRESCRIPTION AUDIT CHARTS
PHARMACO ECONOMIC CHARTS
DOSAGE CALCULATION CHARTS
PHARMACY CHARTS
PRESCRIPTION WRITING CHARTS
PART B: EXPERIMENTS FOR THE POSTGRADUATES
14:
Bioassay: Graded Dose Response Curve
INTERPOLATION METHOD OF ASSAY—IN ISOLATED SKELETAL MUSCLE—FROG RECTUS
Frog Saline Solution is Prepared
Preperation of Standard Solution
Procedure
TWO POINTS OR MATCHING ASSAY IN ISOLATED SMOOTH MUSCLE OF RAT COLON
THREE POINT ASSAY IN ISOLATED SMOOTH MUSCLE—GUINEA PIG ILEUM
Frontal Lever
Procedure
FOUR POINT ASSAY IN ISOLATED SMOOTH MUSCLE—GUINEA PIG ILEUM
Probable Oral Question
15:
Cumulative Dose Response Curve
AGONISTIC EFFECT OF ACh
Advantages
Disadvantage
Procedure
POTENTIATING EFFECT OF PHYSOSTIGMINE
Inference
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF ATROPINE
Inference
16:
Identification of Drug using Isolated Heart Preparation
ISOLATED FROG HEART
17:
Effect of Digoxin on Hypodynamic Heart Preparation
DIGOXIN ON HYPODYNAMIC FROG HEART
Hypodynamic Frog Heart
18:
Chemical Test to Identify Drugs in Biological Solution and on Living Animals (Intact Animals)
EFFECT OF ALKALOIDS
EFFECT OF MORPHINE ON ANIMALS
The Animals Used
Mice
Inference
Rat
Rabbit
Observations
Inference
PHYSOSTIGMINE
Animals Used
Mice
Inference
Rat
Rabbit
Inference
Frog
Inference
Isolated Frog Rectus Muscle
Inference
Isolated Rat Colon
Inference
Difference between Physostigmine and Pilocarpine
ATROPINE
Animals Used
Mice
Inference
Rat
Rabbit
Inference
Inference
Frog
Inference
Isolated Rat Colon
Inference
Isolated Frog Heart
Inference
EPHEDRINE
Animals Used
Mice
Inference
Rat
Rabbit
Inference
D-TUBOCURARINE
Animals Used
Mice
Inference
Rat
Rabbit
Inference
Isolated Frog Rectus Muscle
Inference
STRYCHNINE
Animals Used
Frog
Inference
Mice
Inference
EFFECT OF PHENOTHIAZINE
Animals Used
Mice
Procedure
Inference
Rat
Rabbit
Inference
EFFECT OF PHENOBARBITONE
Animals Used
Mice
Procedure
Inference
Probable Oral Questions
19:
Evaluation of Unknown Drugs by Using Small Techniques
ROTAROD
Aim
Requirements
Drugs
Rotarod Apparatus
Procedure
Inference
ACTOPHOTOMETER
Aim
Requirements
Drugs
Actophotometer
Procedure
Inference
ELEVATED + MAZE
Procedure
Inference
STAIRCASE APPARATUS
Inference
HOLE BOARD APPARATUS
Inference
SLIDING APPARATUS
Inference
POLE CLIMBING APPARATUS
Aim
Apparatus
Drugs
Principle
Procedure
Inference
MIRROR CHAMBER
Inference
20:
Some Standard Techniques
COLLECTING BLOOD FROM MICE
COLLECTING BLOOD FROM RABBIT
COLLECTING BLOOD FROM RAT
Blood Collection from Rat Tail
INTRAGASTRIC ADMINISTRATION IN MOUSE
21:
Charts
EFFECT OF DRUGS ON THE BLOOD PRESSURE OF DOG
1. Explain the chart
2. Find out the test drug
3. Find out the test drug
4. Find out the test drug
5. Find out the test drug
6. Explain the chart
7. Explain the chart
8. Explain the chart
9. Dale's vasomotor reversal phenomenon
10. Reversal of Dale's reversal
11. Tachyphylaxis – Explain
EFFECT OF DRUGS ON THE INTESTINAL MOVEMENTS OF DOG
1. Explain the chart
2. Explain the chart
3. Explain the chart
4. Explain the chart
EFFECT OF DRUGS ON RESPIRATION OF DOG
1. Explain the chart
2. Explain the chart
3. Explain the chart
4. Explain the chart
5. Explain the chart
6. Explain the chart
TOXICOLOGY
DRUG INTERACTIONS
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
SUGGESTED READING
INDEX
TOC
Index
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