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Fundamental Otology: Pediatric & Adult Practice
Quinton Gopen
1:
Auricle
ANATOMY
Embryology
General Anatomy
DISORDERS
Congenital Malformations
Microtia and Anotia
Prominauris
Preauricular Pits, Sinuses, and Cysts
Skin Tags
Infections—Bacterial
Impetigo
Erysipelas
Auricular Abscess
Infections—Viral
Herpes-Zoster (Ramsay Hunt Syndrome, Herpes Zoster Oticus)
Traumatic
Lacerations
Hematomas
Avulsion
Inflammatory—Skin Conditions
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Psoriasis
Contact Dermatitis
Excessive Scarring
Inflammatory—Cartilaginous Conditions
Chondritis
Relapsing Polychondritis
Auricular Pseudocysts
Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Chronica Helicis (Winkler's Nodule)
Neoplasms—Benign
Solar Lentigo (Sun Spots, Freckles)
Cylindroma
Epidermal Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts)
Seborrheic Keratosis
Pilomatrixoma
Vascular Lesions
Lymphatic Malformations
Nevi
Neoplasms—Malignant
Actinic Keratosis
Lentigomaligna
Keratoacanthoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Melanoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
2:
External Auditory Canal
ANATOMY
Embryology
General Anatomy
DISORDERS
Congenital Malformations
Aural Atresia
Ear Canal Stenosis
Branchial Cleft Anomalies
Foreign Bodies
Infections
Acute Otitis Externa
Malignant Otitis Externa
Otitis Externa—Chronic
Traumatic
Temporomandibular Joint Defects
Inflammatory Conditions
Acquired Ear Canal Stenosis
Keratosis Obturans
Canal Cholesteatoma
Dermatologic
Neoplasms—Benign
Epidermoid Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts)
Nevus
Osteomas
Exostoses
Hemangiomas
Ceruminous Gland Tumors
Malignant
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Melanoma
Langerhan's Cell Histiocytosis
Malignant Ceruminous Tumors
3:
Tympanic Membrane
ANATOMY
Embryology
General Anatomy
DISORDERS
Dermatologic
Psoriasis and Eczema
Inflammatory—Myringitis
Chronic Myringitis (Including Granular Myringitis)
Bullous Myringitis
Granulation Tissue
Aural Polyp
Scarring
Monomer/Dimer
Myringosclerosis
Blunting
Perforations
Retained Ear Tubes
Negative Pressure
Atelectasis
Retraction Pockets
Epithelial Pearls
Neoplasms
Benign
Malignant
4:
Middle Ear and Mastoid
ANATOMY
Embryology
General Anatomy
MIDDLE EAR DISORDERS
Congenital Vascular Anomalies
Persistent Stapedial Artery
Aberrant Carotid Artery
Jugular Bulb Abnormalities
Inflammatory—Otitis Media
Acute Otitis Media
Otitis Media with Effusion
Chronic Otitis Media
Ossicular Disorders—Fixation
Malleus Fixation—Congenital
Malleus Fixation—Acquired
Incus Fixation—Congenital
Incus Fixation—Acquired
Stapes Fixation—Congenital
Stapes Fixation—Acquired
Ossicular Disorders—Necrosis
Malleus Necrosis
Incus Necrosis
Stapes Necrosis
Ossicular Dislocation
Myoclonus—Stapedius or Tensor Tympani
Neoplasms—Benign
Osteomas
Adenoma
Glomus Tympanicum
Neoplasms—Malignant
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
MASTOID DISORDERS
Congenital Variations
Low Lying Tegmen
Anterior Sigmoid Sinus
Inflammatory—Mastoiditis
Acute Mastoiditis
Chronic Mastoiditis
Complications of Mastoiditis— Extracranial
Subperiosteal Abscess
Perforated Eardrum
Facial Paralysis
Ossicular Erosion
Labyrinthine Fistula
Labyrinthitis
Petrous Apicitis
Bezold's Abscess
Cutaneous Fistula
Sepsis
Complications of Mastoiditis— Intracranial
Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosis
Otitic Hydrocephalus
Meningitis
Epidural/Subdural Abscess
Brain Abscess
Trauma
Temporal Bone Fractures
Neoplasms—Benign
Glomus Jugulare
Neoplasms—Malignant
5:
Petrous Apex
ANATOMY
DISORDERS
Pseudolesions
Asymmetric Pneumatization
Inflammatory
Effusion
Petrous Apicitis
Mucocele
Cholesterol Granuloma
Cholesteatoma
Vascular
Petrous Carotid Aneurysm
Neoplastic—Benign
Neoplastic—Malignant
Metastasis
Chondrosarcomas
Chordomas
SURGICAL APPROACHES
Hearing Preservation Approaches
Hearing Ablative Approaches
6:
Facial Nerve
ANATOMY
Embryology
General Anatomy
FACIAL PARALYSIS ASSESSMENT
General
Grading
Testing
Electromyography
Nerve Excitability Test
Maximum Stimulation Test
Electroneurography
Intraoperative Monitoring
Nerve Integrity Monitoring
Video Nerve Monitoring
DISORDERS
Syndromic/Idiopathic
Mobius Syndrome
Congenital Unilateral Lower Lip Palsy
Hemifacial Microsomia
CHARGE Syndrome
Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome
Inflammatory—Infectious
Systemic Conditions
Bell's Palsy
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Lyme Disease
HIV Infection
Otitic Infections
Traumatic
Penetrating Injuries
Blunt Force Injuries
Birth Trauma
Surgical Trauma
Vascular
Stroke
Hemifacial Spasm
Neoplastic—Parotid Benign
Facial Schwannoma
Malignant
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Temporal Bone Benign
Hemangiomas
Schwannomas
Malignant
Intracranial Benign
Facial Schwannomas
Vestibular Schwannomas
Malignant
REHABILITATION
7:
Auditory System: Inner Ear and Cochlear Nerve
Anatomy
Embryology
General Anatomy
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Malformations—Membranous
Alexander's Aplasia
Scheibe Deformity
Siebenmann-Bing Dysplasia
Malformations—Osseous and Membranous
Cochlear Hypoplasia
Mondini
Common Cavity
Cochlear Aplasia
Michel Aplasia
Small Internal Auditory Canal
Genetic—Non-Syndromic
Connexin-26
Genetic-Syndromic
Eye
Renal
Neural Crest
Thyroid
Cardiovascular
CHARGE Syndrome
Chromosomal
Bone
Craniofacial Syndromes
Neoplasms
Infections—Prenatal Exposures Viral
Herpes Simplex (Congenital)
Cytomegalovirus
Rubella
Bacterial
Syphilis
Parasitic
Toxoplasmosis
Infections—Postnatal Exposures
Acquired Systemic
Acute Otitis Media/Mastoiditis
Labyrinthitis
Meningitis
Ototoxicity
Antibiotics—Aminoglycosides
Other Antibiotics
Chemotherapeutics
Loop Diuretics
Opioids
Hyperbilirubinemia
ECMO
Teratogens—Thalidomide
Teratogens—Isotretinoin
Teratogens—Alcohol
Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease
Idiopathic
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Ménière Disease
Acoustic Trauma
Vascular
Cochlear Infarction
Cochlear Hemorrhage
Age Related
Presbycusis
Developmental
Auditory Neuropathy (Auditory Dys-Synchrony)
Central
Central Auditory Processing Disorder
Neoplasms of the Inner Ear
Intracochlear Schwannoma
Endolymphatic Sac Tumors
Internal Auditory Canal
MIXED HEARING LOSS
Third Window Lesions
Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct
Semicircular Canal Dehiscence—Superior
Semicircular Canal Dehiscence—Posterior
Semicircular Canal Dehiscence—Lateral
Carotid-Cochlear Fistula
TINNITUS
AUTOPHONY
8:
Vestibular System
ANATOMY
Embryology
General Anatomy
VESTIBULAR TESTING
Head Thrust Test
Finger-Nose-Finger Testing
Romberg Test
Fukuda Step Test
Tandem Gait
Electronystagmography
Rotational Chair Testing
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Testing
Posturography
DISORDERS
Peripheral—Inner Ear Mechanical
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Third Window Lesions
Idiopathic
Meniere's Disease
Inflammatory—Traumatic
Labyrinthine Concussion
Perilymphatic Fistula
Infections Labyrinthitis
Serous Labyrinthitis
Suppurative Labyrinthitis
Systemic Infections
Toxicity
Vascular
Labyrinthine Infarction
Labyrinthine Hemorrhage
Systemic Diseases
Peripheral—Vestibular Nerve Inflammatory
Vestibular Neuritis (Vestibular neuronitis)
Neoplasms
Central Vascular
Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency (Ischemia)
Lateral Medullary Infarction (Wallenberg's Syndrome)
Lateral Pontomedullary Infarction
Cerebellar Hemorrhage
Cerebellar Infarction
Neoplasms
OTHERS
9:
Skull Base
ANATOMY
Middle Cranial Fossa
Bone
Foramina
Contents
Vascular
Posterior Cranial Fossa
Bone
Foramina
Jugular Foramen
Contents
Vascular
DISORDERS OF THE MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA
Structural
Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence
Encephalocele
Neoplasms
Facial Schwannoma
Facial Hemangioma
DISORDERS OF THE POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA
Inflammatory—Infections
Osteomyelitis
Epidermoid
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Hemifacial Spasm
Neoplasms
Vestibular Schwannoma
Meningioma
Lipoma
Endolymphatic Sac Tumors
Jugular Foramen
Paragangliomas (Glomus Jugulare Tumors)
Schwannomas
Meningiomas
Petro-clival Benign
Meningiomas
Malignant
Chondrosarcoma
Chordoma
GENETIC CONDITIONS
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome
Tuberous Sclerosis
FIBRO-OSSEOUS LESIONS
Paget's Disease
Fibrous Dysplasia
Osteopetroses
10:
Systemic Disease with Otologic Manifestations
INFECTIONS WITH OTOLOGIC INVOLVEMENT
Viral (DNA) — Herpes
Mononucleosis
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes Zoster
Herpes Simplex
Viral (DNA) — Hepadnavirus
Hepatitis B
Viral (RNA) — Paramyxovirus
Mumps
Measles
Viral (RNA) — Enteroviruses
Nonpolio Enteroviruses
Polio
Viral — Retroviruses
HIV/AIDS
Bacterial
Lyme Disease
Syphilis
Leprosy
Tuberculosis
Atypical Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Bartonella Henselae (Cat Scratch Disease)
Clostridium Tetani (Tetanus)
Parasitic
Toxoplasmosis
AUTOIMMUNE CONDITIONS WITH OTOLOGIC INVOLVEMENT
Vasculities
Vasculitis — Large Vessel
Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis)
Takayasu's Arteritis
Vasculitis — Medium Vessel
Polyarteritis Nodosum
Kawasaki's Disease
Vasculitis — Small Vessel
Wegener's Granulomatosis
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
Microscopic Polyangiitis
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Essential Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis
Cutaneous Leucocytoclastic Angiitis
Behcet's Disease
Gastrointestinal — Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Crohn's Disease
Ulcerative Colitis
Skin/Connective Tissue
Relapsing Polychondritis
Scleroderma
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Pulmonary
Sarcoidosis
Skeletal
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Spondyloarthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Psoriatic Arthritis
Metabolic
Graves’ Disease (Hyperthyroidism)
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Diabetes Mellitus
Salivary Glands
Sjögren's Syndrome
Neurologic
Multiple Sclerosis
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Idiopathic
Susac's Syndrome
PROTEIN DEPOSITION
Amyloidosis
TOXICITY
HEMODYNAMIC
Malignant Hypertension
HORMONAL
Pregnancy
MALIGNANCIES
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Multiple Myeloma
Langerhan's Cell Histiocytosis
Metastases
11:
Imaging
NORMAL CT ANATOMY
Ear Canal
Ossicles
Middle Ear
Mastoid
Nerves
Facial Nerve
Tympanic Membrane
Muscles
Vascular
Vestibular Aqueduct
Cochlear Aqueduct
Foramen
Jugular Foramen
Hypoglossal Canal
Cochlea
Vestibular
Internal Auditory Canal
NORMAL MR ANATOMY
Cranial Nerves (V through XII)
Labyrinth
Vascular
Bone
Brain
12:
Surgical Procedures
SURGERY OF THE EAR CANAL
Meatoplasty
Canaloplasty
Exostosis Removal
Sleeve Resection
Aural Atresia Repair
Skin Graft Options
SURGERY OF THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
Tympanostomy Tubes
Standard
T-Tubes
Sub-Annular Tube
Tympanoplasty
Paper Patch
Fat Graft
Cartilage Button
Medial Graft
Lateral Graft
Cartilage Grafting
SURGERY OF THE OSSICLES
Incudo-stapedial Joint Reconstruction (Bone Cement)
Incus Interposition
Partial Ossicular Replacement Prosthesis
Total Ossicular Replacement Prosthesis
Stapes Mobilization
Stapedotomy
Postoperative Issues
Stapedectomy
SURGERY OF THE TEMPORAL BONE (MASTOID)
Atticotomy
Mastoidectomy–Canal Wall Up
Facial Recess
Endoscopic Assistance
Mastoidectomy–Canal Wall Down
Radical Mastoidectomy
Mastoid Obliteration
Lateral Temporal Bone Resection
Subtotal and Total Temporal Bone Resection
Infracochlear Approach
Implantable Hearing Aids
SURGERY OF THE FACIAL NERVE
Facial Nerve Monitoring
Facial Nerve Decompression
SURGERY OF THE INNER EAR
Cochlear Implantation
Postoperative Issues
Labyrinthectomy
SURGERY OF THE SKULL BASE
Middle Cranial Fossa Approach
Translabyrinthine Approach
Retrosigmoid Approach
INDEX
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