Index

Medical Microbiology for Nurses (Including Parasitology) Jacob Anthikad, P Sumanaswini

PART 1: BACTERIOLOGY AND GENERAL MICORBIOLOGY
CHAPTER 1:Introduction and History
- DEFINITION
- APPLICATION OF MICROBIOLOGY IN HEALTH SCIENCE
- IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS
- CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS/MICROBES
CHAPTER 2:Microscopy
- SIZE OF BACTERIA
- TECHNIQUES OF MICROSCOPY
- HANGING DROP METHOD
CHAPTER 3:Morphology of Bacteria
- MORPHOLOGICAL (SHAPE) CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA
- BACTERIAL ANATOMY
- BACTERIAL SPORES
CHAPTER 4:Identification of Bacteria/Staining
- BACTERIAL STAINING
  - Stained Preparation
- STAINING TECHNIQUES
- GRAM STAINING
- ACID-FAST STAINING: ZIEHL-NEELSEN STAINING
  - Procedure
  - Result
- ALBERT STAINING
  - Diagnosis of Diphtheria in the Laboratory
CHAPTER 5:Bacterial Growth Factors
- FACTORS INFLUENCING THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA
- BACTERIAL GROWTH CURVE
- REPRODUCTION
CHAPTER 6:Culture Media
- CLASSIFICATION
  - According to Their Consistency
    - Liquid Media
    - Solid Media
  - According to Their Functions and Uses
- McINTOSH AND FILDES JAR
- INOCULATION
- ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TESTS
  - Kirby-Bauer Method (Diffusion Method)
    - Interpretation
  - Stokes Method
    - Result
- ANTIBIOGRAM
CHAPTER 7:Control of Microorganisms—Sterilization and Disinfection
- DEFINITIONS
- DISINFECTION/STERILIZATION
CHAPTER 8:Infections—Nosocomial Infections
- CLASSIFICATION OF INFECTIONS
- INFECTIOUS AGENTS
  - Parasites
    - Commensals
  - Saprophytes
- SOURCES OF INFECTION IN MAN
- DISEASE TRANSMISSION
  - Portals of Entry (Gateways)
  - Portals of Exit
- METHODS OF TRANSFER OF INFECTION
  - Direct Transmission
  - Indirect Transmission
- MICROBIAL PATHOGENICITY
  - Factors Predisposing to Microbial Pathogenicity
    - Pathogenicity
    - Virulence
  - Microbial Toxins
    - Exotoxins
    - Endotoxins
- NOSOCOMIAL (HOSPITAL) INFECTIONS: HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS
  - Sources
  - Prevention and Control of Hospital Infections
CHAPTER 9:Antimicrobial Therapy
- HISTORY
- ANTIBIOTICS
- DRUG RESISTANCE
CHAPTER 10:Systemic Bacteriology
- CABIBI STAPHYLOCOCCI
  - Morphology
  - Cultural Characteristics
  - Biochemical Reactions
  - Resistance
  - Pathogenesis and Virulence
  - Bacteriophage Typing
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- MICROCOCCUS
- STREPTOCOCCI
  - Morphology
  - Classification
  - Cultural Characteristics
  - Biochemical Reactions
  - Antigenic Structure
  - Pathogenesis
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- PNEUMOCOCCI
  - Morphology
  - Cultural Characteristics
  - Biochemical Reactions
  - Antigenic Structure
  - Pathogenesis
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- NEISSERIA
  - Neisseria Meningitidis
  - Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
- CORYNEBACTERIUM
  - Morphology
  - Cultural Characteristics
  - Biochemical Reactions
  - Antigenic Properties
  - Pathogenesis
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Prophylaxis
  - Treatment
- BACILLUS
  - Bacillus Anthracis
  - Bacillus Cereus
    - Morphology
    - Pathogenesis
- CLOSTRIDIUM
  - Clostridium Perfringens
  - Clostridium Tetani
  - Clostridium Botulinum
- ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
  - Escherichia Coli
  - Klebsiella
  - Proteus
  - Shigella
  - Salmonella
- VIBRIO CHOLERAE
  - Morphology
  - Cultural Characteristics
  - Biochemical Reactions
    - Pathogenesis
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Prophylaxis
    - General Measures
    - Specific Measures
- PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
  - Morphology
    - Cultural Characteristics
  - Biochemical Reactions
  - Pathogenesis
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- YERSINIA
  - Morphology
  - Cultural Characteristics
  - Biochemical Reactions
    - Antigens/Toxins
  - Pathogenesis
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE
  - Morphology
  - Cultural Characteristics
  - Biochemical Reactions
  - Antigenic Properties
  - Pathogenesis
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS
  - Morphology
  - Cultural Characteristics
  - Biochemical Reactions
  - Antigenic Structure
  - Pathogenesis
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Prophylaxis
  - Treatment
- BRUCELLA
  - Morphology
  - Cultural Characteristics
  - Biochemical Reactions
  - Pathogenesis
    - Acute Brucellosis
    - Chronic Brucellosis
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
  - Morphology
  - Cultural Characteristics
  - Antigenic Structure
  - Pathogenesis
    - Primary
    - Post Primary
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Prevention and Treatment
- SPIROCHETES
  - Treponema Pallidum
  - Borrelia
  - Leptospira
- ACTINOMYCETES
  - Actinomyces
    - Laboratory Diagnosis
    - Treatment
  - Nocardia
- CHLAMYDIA
  - Morphology and Growth Cycle
  - Pathogenesis
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- MYCOPLASMA
  - Morphology
  - Pathogenesis
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
- RICKETTSIA
  - Morphology
  - Cultural Characteristics
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
CHAPTER 11:Immunology
- NATURAL IMMUNITY
  - Defence Mechanism
    - Specific Defence Mechanism
    - Non-specific Defence Mechanism
- CLASSIFICATION OF IMMUNITY
- ANTIGENS
- ANTIBODIES
  - Structure of Immunoglobulin
    - Heavy and Light Chains
  - Classes or Types of Antibodies
- CELLS AND ORGANS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
  - Cells of Immune System
  - Organs of Immune System
    - Primary or Central Lymphoid Organs
    - Secondary or Peripheral Lymphoid Organs
- IMMUNE RESPONSE
- COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
  - Classical Pathway
  - Alternative Pathway
- MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX
  - HLA Complex
- HARMFUL EFFECTS OF IMMUNITY
  - Autoimmunity
  - Hypersensitivity
- IMMUNE DEFICIENCY DISEASES
  - Autoimmune Diseases
  - Immunodeficiency
    - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
- ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS
CHAPTER 12:Immunization
- IMMUNITY
- VACCINES
- VACCINATION
CHAPTER 13:Serology: Antigen-Antibody Reactions
- ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS
  - Tests Based on Antigen-antibody Reactions
- PRECIPITATION TESTS
- AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS
  - Applications of Agglutination Reactions
    - Tube Agglutination
  - Diagnosis of Enteric Fever
- COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST
CHAPTER 14:Virology
- VIRUS
  - Definition
  - Characteristic Properties
- MORPHOLOGY
  - Cultivation of Viruses
- CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES
- VIROIDS
- PRION
- DNA VIRUSES
- RNA VIRUSES
- HEPATITIS VIRUSES
- RETROVIRUSES
  - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
  - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
- DISEASES CAUSED BY VIRUSES TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITO
- VIRUS INFECTIONS TRANSMITTED BY DROPLET INFECTION
- VIRUS INFECTIONS TRANSMITTED BY FECAL-ORAL ROUTE
CHAPTER 15:Mycology
- INTRODUCTION
- SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES
  - Surface Infections
  - Cutaneous Infections
    - Dermatophytosis
- DEEP MYCOSES
  - Subcutaneous Mycoses
  - Systemic Mycoses
- OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES
PART 2: PARASITOLOGY
CHAPTER 16:Introduction to Medical Parasitology—Amebiasis
- MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY
  - Parasite
    - Obligate Parasite
    - Pathogen
  - Host
    - Intermediate Host
    - Definitive Host
- PROTOZOA: AMOEBA
  - Entamoeba Histolytica
CHAPTER 17:Kala-azar, The Black Sickness
- INDIAN LEISHMANIASIS
CHAPTER 18:Malarial Parasites
- CAUSATIVE AGENTS
- LIFE CYCLE
  - Human Cycle (Schizogony)
  - Mosquito Cycle (Sporogony)
- PERNICIOUS MALARIA
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS—MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
CHAPTER 19:Filariasis
- WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI
CHAPTER 20:Ascariasis (Roundworm Infection)
- ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES
CHAPTER 21:Ancylostomasis (Hookworm Infection)
- ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE (HOOKWORM)
CHAPTER 22:Stool Examination
- PRECAUTIONS
- TYPES OF STOOL EXAMINATION
- DIRECT EXAMINATION
  - Unstained Preparation
    - Requirements
    - Procedure
  - Stained Preparation
    - Exercises
    - Demonstration
- HELMINTH OVA IN HUMAN STOOL
  - Eggs of Ascaris Lumbricoides (Roundworm)
PART 3: CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
CHAPTER 23:Normal Microbial Flora of Human Body
- TYPES OF NORMAL FLORA
- LOCATION OF NORMAL FLORA
- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NORMAL FLORA
  - Advantages
  - Disadvantages
CHAPTER 24:Medical Entomology
- SOURCES OF INFECTION
CHAPTER 25:Specimen Collection
- COLLECTION OF SPECIMEN
CHAPTER 26:Hospital Waste Management
- MANAGEMENT OF HOSPITAL WASTE
  - Universal Precautions
  - Screening of Waste
    - Infectious Waste
APPENDICES: APPENDICES
A—Terms to Know
B—Model Semester Question Papers
- I SEMESTER EXAMINATION
- II SEMESTER EXAMINATION
- III SEMESTER EXAMINATION
C—University Question Papers
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
- MICROBIOLOGY
D—Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

INDEX

TOC
Index

Chapter Notes