Index

Diabetes in Children and Adolescents RV Jayakumar, Nisha Bhavani, Praveen V Pavithran

CHAPTER 1:Definition, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Classification of Diabetes
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
- A BRIEF HISTORY OF TODAY'S CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
- CURRENT CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS
- CLASSIFICATION
  - Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and the Present International Classification
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 2:Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMEOLOGY
- GENETICS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MILLETUS
  - Genetics
    - Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes
    - Nonmajor Histocompatibility Complex Genes
  - Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- AUTOANTIBODIES ASSOCIATED WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
- ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
- PREDICTION OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
- PHASES OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Differential Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
- NEWER THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3:Type 2 Diabetes in Children
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN YOUNG
- DIAGNOSIS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE YOUNG
- DIFFERENTIATING TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES
  - Screening for Type 2 Diabetes in Children
- ETIOPATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN CHILDREN
- PREDICTORS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES
- PREVENTION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES
  - Lifestyle Modification
  - Preventive Pharmacotherapy
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4:Maturity Onset Diabetes in the Young
- INTRODUCTION
- MATURITY ONSET DIABETES IN THE YOUNG 1
- MATURITY ONSET DIABETES IN THE YOUNG 2
- MATURITY ONSET DIABETES IN THE YOUNG 3
- MATURITY ONSET DIABETES IN THE YOUNG 4
- MATURITY ONSET DIABETES IN THE YOUNG 5
- OTHER TYPES OF MATURITY ONSET DIABETES IN THE YOUNG
- MOLECULAR GENETIC TESTING FOR MATURITY ONSET DIABETES IN THE YOUNG
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5:Neonatal Diabetes
- INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
- TRANSIENT NEONATAL DIABETES
  - Defect Due to Immaturity of Islets
    - Chromosome 6q24 Abnormalities
  - Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1β
    - KCNJ11 and ABCC8 Mutations
- PERMANENT NEONATAL DIABETES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6:Rare Forms of Childhood Diabetes
- INTRODUCTION
- WOLFRAM (DIDMOAD) SYNDROME
- MITOCHONDRIAL DIABETES
- THIAMINE RESPONSIVE MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA (ROGERS SYNDROME)
- DIABETES OCCURRING AS PART OF RARE SYNDROMES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 7:Glycemic Monitoring and Assessment
- INTRODUCTION
- LABORATORY TESTING OF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
- SELF-MONITORING OF BLOOD GLUCOSE
- GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN
- CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING
- OTHER ASPECTS OF GLYCEMIC MONITORING IN TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 8:Insulin Therapy in Children with Diabetes Mellitus
- INTRODUCTION
- RATIONALE AND GOAL OF INSULIN THERAPY
- BARRIERS FOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN CHILDREN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
- PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF INSULIN THERAPY
- TYPES OF INSULIN
- INSULIN REGIMENS
- INSULIN ADMINISTRATION
- WHICH REGIMEN TO CHOOSE?
- NEWER INSULIN DELIVERY SYSTEMS
  - Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
- ALTERNATIVE INSULIN DELIVERY SYSTEMS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9:Hyperglycemic Emergencies in Children
- INTRODUCTION
- DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS
- HYPERGLYCEMIC HYPEROSMOLAR SYNDROME
  - Complications of Hyperglycemic Emergencies in Children
  - Follow-up
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 10:Hypoglycemia in Diabetic Children
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- COUNTER-REGULATORY MECHANISMS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- ROLE OF EXERCISE
- RISK FACTORS FOR HYPOGLYCEMIA
- SEVERITY OF HYPOGLYCEMIA
  - Mild-to-moderate Hypoglycemia
  - Severe Hypoglycemia
- TREATMENT OF HYPOGLYCEMIA
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 11:Hypoglycemia in Nondiabetic Children and Newborn
- INTRODUCTION
- SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS IN THE NEWBORN AND INFANCY
- NORMAL BLOOD GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS
- HORMONAL INTERPLAY IN GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS
- CHANGES IN BLOOD GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS AT BIRTH
- BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AND OCCURRENCE OF HYPOGLYCEMIA
- SYMPTOMS OF HYPOGLYCEMIA
- CAUSES OF HYPOGLYCEMIA
- EVALUATION
- MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12:Chronic Complications in Children with Diabetes
- INTRODUCTION
- BURDEN OF THE PROBLEM AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
- COMMON CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS
- MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES IN CHILDREN
- MACROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
  - Epidemiology
  - Pathogenesis
- TARGETS TO REDUCE DIABETIC VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
- RISK FACTORS
  - Modifiable Risk Factors
  - Nonmodifiable Risk Factors
- PREVENTIVE AND TREATMENT STRATEGY
- SCREENING FOR MICROVASCULAR AND MACROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
- RECOMMENDATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION/INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT DIABETES (2011) FOR ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS
- OTHER COMPLICATIONS
- FUTURE TRENDS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 13:Autoimmune Associations of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- INTRODUCTION
- AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE
- CELIAC DISEASE
- ADDISON’S DISEASE
- OTHER DISEASES
  - The Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes
  - Atrophic Gastritis
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 14:Management of Diabetes in Children Undergoing Surgical Procedures
- INTRODUCTION
- PROTOCOL FOR MANAGEMENT7–10
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 15:Diabetes Education in Children with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
- INTRODUCTION
- DIABETES EDUCATION PROGRAM IN CHILDREN
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16:Exercise in Children with Diabetes
- INTRODUCTION
- EXERCISE
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 17:Nutritional Principles in the Management of Diabetes in Children
- INTRODUCTION
- GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND AIMS OF MANAGEMENT
- NUTRITION IN SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 18:Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in Children with Diabetes
- INTRODUCTION
- HOW DOES INSULIN PUMP WORK?
- ADVANTAGES OF PUMP THERAPY
- PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- DISADVANTAGES
- ADVANCES IN PUMP THERAPY
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 19:Transplantation and Emerging Treatment Modalities in Type 1 Diabetes
- INTRODUCTION
- APPROACHES TO TRANSPLANTATION
- POST-TRANSPLANT PANCREAS AND ISLET CELL FUNCTION
- EFFECT OF TRANSPLANTATION ON DIABETES COMPLICATIONS
- COMPLICATIONS OF TRANSPLANTATION AND PATIENT SURVIVAL RATES
- PROBLEMS WITH IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS
  - Issues with Transplantation Sites
- EMERGING THERAPIES FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 20:Prevention of Diabetes in Children
- DIABETES IN CHILDREN: EPIDEMIOLOGY
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF TYPE 1 DIABETES
- INTERVENTION: WHEN AND HOW?
- TYPE 2 DIABETES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENCE: THE EPIDEMIC IN INFANCY
- ROLE OF EXERCISE IN THE PREVENTION OF DIABETES IN CHILDREN
- CONCLUSION

INDEX

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Chapter Notes