Editors
Jason C
Eck
DO MS
Assistant Professor Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Massachusetts Worcester,
Massachusetts,
USA
Alexander R
Vaccaro
MD PhD
Professor of Orthopedics and Neurosurgery Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania,
USA
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Surgical Atlas of Spinal Operations
First Edition:
2013
9789350903261
Printed at:
My wife Laurie and daughters; Katherine and Caroline.
Without their continued love and support, this would not have been possible.
Jason C Eck
The three most important people in my life–Lauren and my two children
Alex and Juliana. Their inspiration, support and love is never ending.
Alexander R Vaccaro
fm7Contributors
-
Joshua H Abrams DO
-
Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
-
The CORE Institute
-
Phoenix, Arizona, USA
-
Frank Acosta MD
-
Associate Program Director
-
Director, Spinal Deformity
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
-
Los Angeles, California, USA
-
Vijay Agarwal MD
-
Resident
-
Department of Neurological Surgery
-
Duke University
-
Durham, North Carolina, USA
-
Faiz Ahmad MD MCh
-
Resident
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
University of Miami
-
Miami, Florida, USA
-
R Todd Allen MD PhD
-
Assistant Clinical Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
University of California, San Diego
-
California, USA
-
Peter S Amenta MD
-
Resident
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
Jefferson Medical College
-
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
-
Christopher Ames MD
-
Associate Professor of Clinical Neurological Surgery
-
Director of Spine Tumor and
-
Spinal Deformity Surgery
-
Co-director, Spinal Surgery and UCSF Spine Center
-
Director, Spinal Biomechanics Laboratory
-
San Francisco, California, USA
-
Howard S An MD
-
The Morton International Professor
-
Director of Spine Surgery and Spine Fellowship
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Rush University Medical Center
-
Chicago, Illinois, USA
-
Neel Anand MD
-
Director, Spine Trauma
-
Cedars-Sinai Spine Center
-
Los Angeles, California, USA
-
Vincent Arlet MD
-
Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
University of Pennsylvania
-
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
-
Milan Bajmoczi MD PhD
-
Fellow
-
Department of Vascular Surgery
-
UMass Memorial Medical Center
-
Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
-
Kelley E Banagan MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
University of Maryland, Baltimore
-
Maryland, USA
-
Eli M Baron MD
-
Clinical Associate Professor of Neurosurgery
-
Spine Surgeon
-
Cedars-Sinai Spine Center
-
Los Angeles, California, USA
-
Christopher M Bono MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Chief, Orthopedic Spine Surgery
-
Brigham and Womens Hospital
-
Harvard Medical School
-
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
-
Kurtis Birch MD
-
Resident
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
-
Los Angeles, California, USA
-
Daniel D Bohl MPH
-
Medical Student
-
Yale University
-
New Haven, Connecticut, USA
-
Robert H Byers MD
-
Spine Surgeon
-
Mt Tam Spine Center
-
Larkspur, California, USA
-
Raul J Cardenas MD
-
Clinical Assistant Professor
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
University of Texas Health Medical School
-
Houston, Texas, USA
-
Fernando J Checo
-
Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
-
Central Orthopedic Group
-
Plainview, New York, USA
-
Rohan V Chitale MD
-
Resident
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
Jefferson Medical College
-
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
-
Samuel K Cho MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Leni and Peter W May Department of Orthopaedics
-
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
-
New York, New York, USA
-
Neurosurgical Resident
-
Barrow Neurological Institute
-
St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center
-
Phoenix, Arizona, USA
-
Michelle J Clarke MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
Mayo Clinic
-
Rochester, Minnesota, USA
-
Murray J Cohen MD FACS
-
Associate Professor
-
Department of Surgery
-
Thomas Jefferson University
-
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
-
Chris Cornett MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
University of Nebraska Medical Center
-
Omaha, Nebraska, USA
-
Quanqi Cui MD
-
Research Fellow
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Mayo Clinic
-
Rochester, Minnesota, USA
-
Pietro Ivo D’Urso
-
Clinical Fellow
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
King's College Hospital
-
London, UK
-
Scott D Daffner MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Orthopedics
-
West Virginia University School of Medicine
-
Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
-
Bruce V Darden II MD
-
Ortho Carolina Spine Center
-
Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
-
ST DeBauche MS
-
Durango Orthopedic Associates PC / Spine Colorado
-
Durango, Colorado, USA
-
Mark B Dekutoski MD
-
Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Mayo College of Medicine
-
Rochester, Minnesota, USA
-
Vedat Deviren MD
-
Clinical Associate Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
University of California, San Francisco
-
San Francisco, California, USA
-
Curtis A Dickman MD
-
Associate Chief, Spine Section
-
Director, Spinal Research
-
Division of Neurological Surgery
-
Barrow Neurological Institute
-
St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center
-
Phoenix, Arizona, USA
-
Christian P DiPaola MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation
-
Spine Division
-
UMass Memorial Medical Center
-
Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
-
James Dowdell BA
-
Medical Student
-
Jefferson Medical College
-
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
-
Michael J Dorsi MD
-
Spine Surgeon
-
Ventura County Neurosurgical Associates
-
Ventura, California, USA
-
Doniel Drazin MD
-
Senior Resident
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
-
Los Angeles, California, USA
-
Robert K Eastlack MD
-
Co-Director
-
San Diego Spine Fellowship
-
Scripps Clinic
-
Division of Orthopedic Surgery
-
La Jolla, California, USA
-
Jason C Eck DO MS
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
-
University of Massachusetts
-
Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
-
Mostafa H El Dafrawy MD
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Johns Hopkins University
-
Baltimore, Maryland, USA
-
Payam Farjoodi MD
-
Spine Surgeon
-
Coastline Orthopaedic Associates
-
Fountain Valley, California, USA
-
Daniel R Fassett MD MBA
-
Spine Surgeon
-
Illinois Neurological Institute
-
Peoria, Illinois, USA
-
Jacob H Fennessy MS
-
Medical Student
-
Georgetown University School of Medicine
-
Washington, District of Columbia, USA
-
Marco L Ferrone MD
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
-
Harvard Medical School
-
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
-
Richard G Fessler MD PhD
-
Professor
-
Department of Neurological Surgery
-
Northwestern University
-
Chicago, Illinois, USA
-
MA Finn
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
University of Colorado, Denver Colorado, USA
-
Kevin T Foley MD
-
Professor
-
Director of Spine Fellowship Program
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
University of Tennessee
-
Memphis, Tennessee, USA
-
Resident
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
Rush University Medical Center
-
Chicago, Illinois, USA
-
Daryl R Fourney MD FRCSC FACS
-
Professor
-
Director, Neurosurgery Residency Training Program
-
Division of Neurosurgery, University of Saskatchewan
-
Royal University Hospital
-
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
-
Jacob Furey MD
-
Resident
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
University of Massachusetts
-
Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
-
Steven R Garfin MD
-
Distinguished Professor and Chair
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
University of California, San Diego
-
California, USA
-
Ben J Garrido MD
-
Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
-
Lake Norman Orthopedic Spine Center
-
Mooresville, North Carolina, USA
-
Christian Gonzalez MD FIPP
-
Director, Pain Medicine
-
Advance Neuro Spine Institute
-
Miami, Florida, USA
-
Jonathan N Grauer MD
-
Associate Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Yale University
-
New Haven, Connecticut, USA
-
Yazhini Gnanasambanthan MBBS
-
Illinois Neurologic Institute
-
Peoria, Illinois, USA
-
Gregory Grabowski MD
-
Clinical Assistant Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
South Carolina School of Medicine
-
Columbia, South Carolina, USA
-
Richard Guyer MD
-
Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
-
Director of Spine Fellowship Program
-
Texas Back Institute
-
Plano, Texas, USA
-
Andrea Halim MD
-
Resident Physician
-
Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation
-
Yale University School of Medicine
-
New Haven, Connecticut, USA
-
Adrian T Harvey DO
-
Neurosurgeon
-
Normal, Illinois, USA
-
Robert F Heary MD
-
Professor
-
Department of Neurological Surgery
-
UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School
-
Newark, New Jersey, USA
-
Andrew C Hecht MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Mount Sinai Hospital
-
New York, New York, USA
-
Scott D Hodges DO
-
Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
-
Center for Sports Medicine and Orthopedics
-
Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
-
Langston T Holly MD
-
Associate Professor and Co-Vice Chief of Clinical Affairs
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
UCLA
-
Los Angeles, California, USA
-
Brian J Hood MD
-
Chief Resident
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
University of Miami
-
Miami, Florida, USA
-
Robert E Isaacs MD
-
Associate Professor of Neurosurgery
-
Director of Spine Surgery
-
Duke University Medical Center
-
Durham, North Carolina, USA
-
James D Kang MD
-
Professor and Vice Chair
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
University of Pittsburgh
-
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
-
Rishi M Kanna MS MRCS FNB Spine
-
Associate Consultant Spine Surgeon
-
Department of Orthopedics and
-
Spine Surgery
-
Ganga Hospital
-
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
-
Mark S Kaplan MD
-
Clinical Associate Professor
-
Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation
-
University of Massachusetts
-
Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
-
Manish K Kasliwal MD MCh
-
Resident
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
RUSH University Medical Center
-
Chicago, Illinois, USA
-
Khaled Kebaish MD
-
Associate Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Johns Hopkins University
-
Baltimore, Maryland, USA
-
Abbey L Kennedy MD
-
Orthopedic Surgery Resident
-
University of California, San Francisco
-
San Francisco, California, USA
-
John D Koerner MD
-
Resident
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ
-
Newark, New Jersey, USA
-
Thomas J Kesman MD MBA
-
Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
-
Reliant Medical Group
-
Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
-
Paul D Kim MD
-
Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
-
Spine Institute of San Diego
-
San Diego, California, USA
-
Professor
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
Mayo Clinic
-
Rochester, Minnesota, USA
-
Giuseppe Lanzino MD
-
Professor
-
Departments of Neurologic Surgery and Radiology
-
Mayo Clinic
-
Rochester, Minnesota, USA
-
Anthony S Lapinsky MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
-
University of Massachusetts
-
Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
-
Bradley C Lega MD
-
Resident
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
University of Pennsylvania
-
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
-
John YK Lee MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
University of Pennsylvania
-
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
-
Joseph K Lee
-
Mt Tam Orthopedics and Spine Center
-
Larkspur, California, USA
-
Peter Lee MD
-
Clinical Instructor
-
Department of Neurological Surgery
-
Northwestern University
-
Chicago, Illinois, USA
-
Sang-Hun Lee MD PhD
-
Associate Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Spine Center
-
Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong
-
Seoul, Korea
-
Allan D Levi MD PhD FACS
-
Professor of Neurosurgery
-
University of Miami MILLER School of Medicine
-
Chief of Neurosurgery
-
University of Miami Hospital
-
Miami, Florida, USA
-
John C Liu MD
-
Director, Residency Program
-
Vice Chair, Neurosurgery for Spine Services
-
Co-Medical Director, The Spine Center
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
-
Los Angeles, California, USA
-
Steven C Ludwig MD
-
Associate Professor of Orthopedics
-
Chief of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics
-
Co-Director, University of Maryland Spine Center
-
Baltimore, Maryland, USA
-
Antonios Mammis MD
-
Chief Resident
-
Department of Neurological Surgery
-
UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School
-
Newark, New Jersey, USA
-
Jonathan Mason MD
-
Chief Resident
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
University of Virginia
-
Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
-
Payam Moazzaz MD
-
Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Spinal Deformity
-
Orthopedic Specialists of North County
-
Tri City Medical Center Orthopaedic Spine Institute
-
Oceanside, California, USA
-
Isaac L Moss MDCM MASc FRCSC
-
Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
-
University of Connecticut Health Center
-
Comprehensive Spine Center
-
New England Musculoskeletal Institute
-
Farmington, Connecticut, USA
-
Ahmad Nassr MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Mayo Clinic
-
Rochester, Minnesota, USA
-
David M Neils MD
-
Neurosurgery
-
Peoria, Illinois, USA
-
Jason G Newman MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Otorhinolaryngology
-
University of Pennsylvania
-
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
-
Douglas G Orndorff MD
-
Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
-
Durango Orthopedic Associates PC/ Spine Colorado
-
Durango, Colorado, USA
-
John E O’Toole MD MS
-
Associate Professor
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
Rush University
-
Chicago, Illinois, USA
-
Alpesh A Patel MD
-
Associate Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Loyola University
-
Maywood, Illinois, USA
-
CA Patty MS CCRC
-
Durango Orthopedic Associates PC/ Spine Colorado
-
Durango, Colorado, USA
-
Justine Pearl MD
-
Resident
-
Division of Neurosurgery, University of Saskatchewan
-
Royal University Hospital
-
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
-
Carmen Petraglia MD
-
Resident
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Union Memorial Hospital
-
Baltimore, Maryland, USA
-
Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Head, Section of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
-
Rush University Medical Center
-
Chicago, Illinois, USA
-
Thomas Phillips MD
-
Board Certified Orthopedic Surgeon
-
Fellowship Trained in Spine Surgery and Arthroscopic Surgery
-
DISC Sports and Spine
-
Newport Beach, California, USA
-
Mark A Pichelmann MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
Mayo Clinic
-
Jacksonville, Florida, USA
-
Ravi K Ponnappan MD
-
Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
-
Jersey Spine Associates
-
Marmora, New Jersey, USA
-
Srinivas Prasad MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
Thomas Jefferson University
-
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
-
Sheeraz A Qureshi MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Mount Sinai Hospital
-
New York, New York, USA
-
S Rajasekaran PhD
-
Chairman and Director
-
Department of Orthopedics and
-
Spine Surgery
-
Ganga Hospital
-
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
-
Ravi Ramachandran MD
-
Spine Surgery Fellow
-
Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham and Women’s Hospital
-
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
-
John M Rhee MD
-
Associate Professor
-
Spinal Surgery
-
Emory Spine Center
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Emory University
-
Atlanta, Georgia, USA
-
Jeffrey A Rihn MD
-
Associate Professor
-
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
-
The Rothman Institute
-
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
-
Lee H Riley III MD
-
Associate Professor
-
Chief, Division of Spine Surgery
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Johns Hopkins University
-
Baltimore, Maryland, USA
-
William P Robinson MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Vascular Surgery
-
University of Massachusetts
-
Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
-
Peter S Rose MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Mayo Clinic
-
Rochester, Minnesota, USA
-
Rick C Sasso MD
-
Clinical Associate Professor
-
Chief of Spine Surgery
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Indiana University
-
Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
-
Jason W Savage MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
-
Chicago, Illinois, USA
-
Justin K Scheer
-
Medical Student
-
University of California, San Diego School of Medicine
-
La Jolla, California, USA
-
Daniel M Sciubba MD
-
Assistant Professor
-
Departments of Neurosurgery Oncology and Orthopedic Surgery
-
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
-
Baltimore, Maryland, USA
-
MA Scott MS
-
Durango Orthopedic Associates PC / Spine Colorado
-
Durango, Colorado, USA
-
Christopher I Shaffrey MD FACS
-
Harrison Distinguished Professor
-
Departments of Neurological and Orthopedic Surgery
-
University of Virginia
-
Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
-
Ajoy P Shetty MS DNB Ortho
-
Consultant Spine surgeon
-
Department of Orthopedics and Spine Surgery
-
Ganga Hospital
-
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
-
Patrick Shih MD
-
Clinical Instructor
-
Department of Neurological Surgery
-
Northwestern University
-
Chicago, Illinois, USA
-
Brian Shiu MD
-
Resident
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
University of Maryland
-
Baltimore, Maryland, USA
-
Swastik Sinha
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Johns Hopkins University
-
Baltimore, Maryland, USA
-
Harvey Smith MD
-
Spine Surgeon
-
New England Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery
-
Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
-
Associate Professor
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
University of Virginia
-
Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
-
William Ryan Spiker MD
-
Fellow
-
Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Neurosurgery
-
Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University
-
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
-
Brian W Su MD
-
Director of Spine Surgery
-
Marin General Hospital
-
Mt Tam Orthopedics and Spine Center
-
Larkspur, California, USA
-
Issada Thongtrangan MD
-
Spine Specialist
-
Valley Orthopedics
-
Phoenix, Arizona, USA
-
Jeffrey Toll
-
Medical Student
-
Thomas Jefferson Medical College
-
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
-
P Justin Tortolani MD
-
Director of Spinal Research
-
Union Memorial Hospital
-
Baltimore, Maryland, USA
-
Vincent C Traynelis MD
-
Professor
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
Rush University Medical Center
-
Chicago, Illinois, USA
-
Michael J Vives MD
-
Associate Professor
-
Chief, Division of Spine Surgery
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ
-
Newark, New Jersey, USA
-
Michael S Weinstein MD
-
Associate Professor of Surgery
-
Division of Acute Care Surgery
-
Department of Surgery
-
Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University
-
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
-
William C Welch MD FAANS, FACS FICS
-
Professor and Vice Chairman (Clinical)
-
Department of Neurosurgery
-
Perelman School of Medicine
-
Pennsylvania Hospital
-
University of Pennsylvania Health System
-
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
-
Peter G Whang MD, FACS
-
Associate Professor
-
Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation
-
Yale University School of Medicine
-
New Haven, Connecticut, USA
-
Victor G Williams MD
-
Spine Surgeon
-
Trinity Clinic Neuroscience Institute
-
Tyler, Texas, USA
-
Michael J Yaszemski MD, PhD
-
Professor
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
Mayo Clinic
-
Rochester, Massachusetts, USA
-
Jim A Youssef MD
-
Orthopedic Spine Surgeon
-
Durango Orthopedic Associates PC/ Spine Colorado
-
Durango, Colorado, USA
-
Patricia Zadnik
-
Medical Student
-
Johns Hopkins University
-
Baltimore, Maryland, USA
-
Thomas A Zdeblick MD
-
Professor and Chairman
-
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
-
University of Wisconsin
-
Madison, Wisconsin, USA
-
James F Zucherman MD
-
Director St Mary’s Spine Center
-
Director of San Francisco Orthopedic Residency Spine Surgery Fellowship
-
San Francisco, California, USA
The appropriate management of spinal disorders is based on a thorough knowledge of spinal anatomy, applied biomechanics, and pathophysiology combined with an understanding of both nonoperative and operative treatment options. Rapid advances in this field continue to make this a very challenging goal.
As with most complex endeavors, a team approach typically provides the best outcomes. The surgical management of spinal disorders is not limited to orthopedic spine surgeons and neurosurgeons, but instead benefits from collaboration with other surgical specialists including general, vascular, trauma, plastic, ENT and thoracic surgeons. This text benefits from the extensive knowledge of these other surgical fields as well as from leaders in the field of spinal surgery.
Surgical Atlas of Spinal Operations is divided into several sections in an attempt to provide the reader the best understanding of complex topics as well as to facilitate the search for specific information on any of these topics. The first section provides a comprehensive review of surgical anatomy through a step-by-step description of the most common surgical approaches to the spine. Each of these chapters consists of a discussion of the indications for using the approach, a review of the pertinent anatomy, a well-illustrated description of the surgical approach, a discussion of the postoperative care, and potential complications associated with the approach. A list of Key Points summarizes the most important information of each chapter. The second section of the text provides descriptions of specific surgical techniques based on the location in the spine from occiput to ileum. These chapters encompass the wide variety of techniques that must be mastered by the spine surgeon from the common lumbar decompression to complex sacrectomy and vertebral osteotomy. Chapters are also included on newer technologies including disk arthroplasty, interspinous spacers and minimally invasive techniques. The final section focuses on other associated techniques including graft harvesting, discography and cement augmentation techniques.
It is our hope that Surgical Atlas of Spinal Operations serves as a valuable resource for both the accomplished spine surgeon and those still in training. In a field with rapid new advances, it is crucial to have a resource to provide up-to-date information.
Jason C Eck
Alexander R Vaccaro
fm14Acknowledgments
There are always numerous people involved in bringing a project like this to completion. We would like to thank all of the chapter authors who have taken the time and effort to write such excellent chapters for this book. We would also like to acknowledge the publishing staff at Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, and specifically Ms Chetna Malhotra Vohra (Senior Manager–Business Development) and Ms Payal Bharti (Development Editor), for their work in completing this book.