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Infections of the Gastrointestinal System Chetana Vaishnavi

SECTION 1: GENERAL TOPICS
CHAPTER 1:Normal and Abnormal Bacterial Flora of the Gut
- INTRODUCTION
- COLONIZATION OF THE GUT
- NORMAL FLORA OF THE GI TRACT
- FACTORS AFFECTING THE GUT FLORA
- HOST IMMUNE DEFENSES
- BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF GUT FLORA
- ABNORMAL FLORA
- HARMFUL EFFECTS OF THE NORMAL FLORA
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 2:Etiology and Prevention of Food-borne Bacterial Gastroenteritis
- INTRODUCTION
- MECHANISM OF FOOD-BORNE GASTROENTERITIS
- GASTROENTERITIS BY GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
- GASTROENTERITIS BY GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 3:Imaging of Gastrointestinal Infections
- INTRODUCTION
- IMAGING OF SPECIFIC INFECTIONS
- IMAGING OF NONSPECIFIC INFECTIONS
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 4:Antimicrobial Therapy for Infectious Diarrhea
- INTRODUCTION
- NONINFLAMMATORY DIARRHEAL DISEASE
  - NEWBORN AND WEANLING INFANTS
  - OLDER CHILDREN AND ADULTS
- INFLAMMATORY DIARRHEAS
- ENTERIC FEVER AND ALLIED CONDITIONS
- DIARRHEA IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
- TRAVELER'S DIARRHEA
- CMV INFECTION OF GIT
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 5:Probiotics and Prebiotics in Gastrointestinal Health and Disease
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- PROBIOTICS
  - CHARACTERISTIC OF PROBIOTICS
- PREBIOTICS
- SYNBIOTICS
- MECHANISMS OF ACTION ON GI MUCOSAL SURFACE
- PROBIOTICS MARKETED BY INDIAN FIRMS
- ROLE IN GI INFECTIONS AND GI DISORDERS
  - GI INFECTIONS
- OTHER GI DISORDERS
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 6:Dietary and Nutritional Management in Gastrointestinal Infections
- INTRODUCTION
- ENTERIC FEVER
  - NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
- INTESTINAL TUBERCULOSIS
- DIARRHEA
  - DIETARY MANAGEMENT
  - NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
- CONSTIPATION
- ESOPHAGITIS AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
  - DIETARY MANAGEMENT
    - Acute Phase
    - Chronic Phase
- GASTRITIS
  - DIETARY MANAGEMENT
- PEPTIC ULCER
  - DIETARY MANAGEMENT
  - OTHER FACTORS
    - Points to Observe
- VIRAL HEPATITIS
  - DIETARY MANAGEMENT
  - DIETARY TIPS
- CONCLUSIONS
SECTION 2: SPECIAL BACTERIAL DISEASES
CHAPTER 7:Clostridium difficile Associated Disease
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
- MODES OF TRANSMISSION
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - COLONIC MANIFESTATIONS
  - EXTRACOLONIC MANIFESTATIONS
- PATHOGENESIS OF CDAD
- FACTORS PRECIPITATING CDAD
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES
- THERAPY AND MANAGEMENT
  - GENERALIZED THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
  - ADJUNCTIVE THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
- PREVENTION AND INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 8:Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- TRANSMISSION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - TYPHOID FEVER
  - PARATYPHOID FEVER
- ECONOMIC BURDEN
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- CHRONIC CARRIERS
- PATHOGENESIS
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT AND DRUG RESISTANCE
- DRUG RESISTANCE
- VACCINES
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL
- CONCLUSIONS
SECTION 3: GASTROINTESTINAL TUBERCULOSIS
CHAPTER 9:Clinical Presentation of Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGY
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY
- SITE OF INVOLVEMENT
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 10:Diagnostic Methods for Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis
- INTRODUCTION
- GASTROINTESTINAL TUBERCULOSIS
- DIAGNOSTIC AIDS
- PERSPECTIVE ON CURRENTLY AVAILABLE AND NEWER DIAGNOSTICS
- DIFFERENTIATING FEATURES BETWEEN INTESTINAL TUBERCULOSIS AND CROHN's DISEASE
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 11:Management of Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis
- INTRODUCTION
- MANAGEMENT
- ATT-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY
- CONCLUSIONS
SECTION 4: HELICOBACTER PYLORI
CHAPTER 12:Clinical Spectrum and Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF H. PYLORI INFECTION
- POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF H. PYLORI
  - ASTHMA AND ALLERGIC DISORDERS
  - INFECTIOUS DISEASE
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF H. PYLORI INFECTION
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 13:Pathology and Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori Infection
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOLOGY OF H. PYLORI-ASSOCIATED DISEASES
- GI TRACT ASSOCIATIONS OF H. PYLORI INFECTION
- NON-GI TRACT ASSOCIATIONS OF H. PYLORI INFECTION
- PATHOGENESIS OF H. PYLORI INFECTION
- ROLE OF H. PYLORI VIRULENCE-ASSOCIATED FACTORS
- VIRULENCE GENES OF H. PYLORI
- LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES
- NITROGEN METABOLIZING AND OTHER SECRETORY ENZYMES
- UREASE AND ARGINASE
- AMIDASES
- MUCINASE, PROTEASE, LIPASE AND PHOSPHOLIPASE
- OTHER VIRULENCE FACTORS
- HOST FACTORS AND H. PYLORI
- IMMUNE RESPONSE TO H. PYLORI
  - CYTOKINES
  - ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND H. PYLORI
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 14:Laboratory Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection
- INTRODUCTION
- INVASIVE TESTS
- NONINVASIVE TESTS
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 15:Medical Management of Peptic Ulcer Disease
- INTRODUCTION
- ULCERS ASSOCIATED WITH H. PYLORI INFECTION
- ULCERS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH H. PYLORI INFECTION
- HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION WITH NSAID USE
- DRUGS AVAILABLE FOR TREATMENT
- TREATMENT OF REGIMENS
- CONCLUSIONS
SECTION 5: SPECIFIC BACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS
CHAPTER 16:Shigella and Shigellosis
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- GROUP AND TYPE IDENTIFICATION
- DISTRIBUTION OF SEROGROUPS AND SEROTYPES
- TRANSMISSION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- PATHOGENESIS
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- DRUG RESISTANCE
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL
- VACCINES
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 17:Nontyphoidal Salmonellae
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY AND NOMENCLATURE
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- TRANSMISSION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- PATHOGENESIS AND VIRULENCE FACTORS
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 18:Escherichia coli Diarrheas
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC PATHOTYPE
- ENTEROTOXIGENIC PATHOTYPE
- ENTEROPATHOGENIC PATHOTYPE
- ENTEROINVASIVE PATHOTYPE
- ENTEROAGGREGATIVE PATHOTYPE
- COMMON LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
- ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN E. COLI
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 19:Yersinia enterocolitica and Gastrointestinal Disease
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- TRANSMISSION
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- PATHOGENESIS
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- VACCINES
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 20:Clinical Manifestations of Campylobacter Infection
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- TRANSMISSION
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - ENTERITIS
  - EXTRAINTESTINAL CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
- GUILLAIN BARRé SYNDROME
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- TREATMENT OF CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
- VACCINES
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 21:Epidemic-Prone Vibrio cholera
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- CLASSIFICATION
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- TRANSMISSION
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- PATHOGENESIS
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL
- VACCINES
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 22:Noncholera Vibrios in Human Gastroenteritis
- INTRODUCTION
- VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS
- VIBRIO VULNIFICUS
- VIBRIO ALGINOLYTICUS
- VIBRIO FLUVIALIS
- VIBRIO HOLLISAE
- VIBRIO FURNISSII
- VIBRIO METSCHNIKOVII
- VIBRIO MIMICUS
- NON-O1 AND NON-O139 V. CHOLERAE
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- PREVENTION
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 23:Current Perspectives on Pathogenesis of Aeromonas
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- TRANSMISSION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS
    - Acute Gastroenteritis
    - Travelers' Diarrhea
  - EXTRAINTESTINAL INFECTION
    - Hepatobiliary Infection
    - Dermatological Infections
- PATHOGENICITY AND VIRULENCE FACTORS
- VIRULENCE FACTORS
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT AND DRUG RESISTANCE
- CONCLUSIONS
SECTION 6: VIRAL DIARRHEA
CHAPTER 24:Rotavirus Diarrhea
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- CLASSIFICATION
- TRANSMISSION
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - EXTRAINTESTINAL INFECTIONS
- PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNITY
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL
  - VACCINES
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 25:Non-rotavirus Viral Diarrhea
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION
- CALICIVIRUSES
  - NOROVIRUSES
  - SAPOVIRUSES
- ADENOVIRUSES
- ASTROVIRUSES
- CORONAVIRUSES
  - SARS CORONAVIRUS
  - TOROVIRUS
- PARECHOVIRUSES
- CONCLUSIONS
SECTION 7: PARASITIC DISEASES
CHAPTER 26:Intestinal and Extraintestinal Amebiasis
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - INTESTINAL AMEBIASIS
  - EXTRAINTESTINAL DISEASE
- PATHOGENESIS
- PATHOLOGY
- HOST IMMUNITY
- DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- PROGNOSTIC FACTORS
- PREVENTION AND VACCINE DEVELOPMENT
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 27:Balantidium coli Infection in Humans
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- TRANSMISSION
- LIFE CYCLE
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- PREVENTION
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 28:Recent Insights into Giardia lamblia Infection
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- STRUCTURE AND BIOLOGY
- GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS
- LIFE CYCLE
- SITES OF COLONIZATION
- HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS
- REPRODUCTION
- NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST AND GIARDIA
- ASSOCIATION WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI
- PATHOGENESIS
- ANTIGENIC VARIATIONS
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- PREVENTION
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 29:Intestinal Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised Persons
- INTRODUCTION
- CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS
- MICROSPORIDIOSIS
- ISOSPORIASIS
- CYCLOSPORIASIS
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 30:Intestinal Nematodes
- INTRODUCTION
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 31:Human Intestinal Cestodes
- INTRODUCTION
- HUMAN INTESTINAL CESTODES
  - PSEUDOPHYLLIDEAN CESTODE
    - Genus Diphyllobothrium
  - CYCLOPHYLLIDEAN CESTODE
- TREATMENT
  - NICLOSAMIDE
  - PRAZIQUANTEL
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 32:Hydatid Disease in Humans
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- LIFE CYCLE OF ECHINOCOCCUS
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- COMPLICATIONS OF HYDATID CYSTS
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT
- PREVENTION
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 33:Trematode Infections of Gastrointestinal System
- INTRODUCTION
- GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF FLUKES
- LIFE CYCLE IN GENERAL
- CONCLUSIONS
SECTION 8: FUNGAL INFECTIONS
CHAPTER 34:Fungal Infections Gastrointestinal Tract
- INTRODUCTION
- LOCALIZED INFECTIONS
  - ESOPHAGEAL CANDIDIASIS
  - PANCREATIC CANDIDIASIS
- FUNGAL INFECTIONS AS A PART OF DISSEMINATED DISEASE
- FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF THE PERITONEUM
- ANTIBIOTIC ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA
- CONCLUSIONS
SECTION 9: INFECTIONS OF GASTROINTESTINAL ALLIED ORGANS
CHAPTER 35:Bacterial Hepatitis
- INTRODUCTION
- SEPTIC HEPATITIS
  - TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME
- DIRECT BACTERIAL INVOLVEMENT OF THE LIVER
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 36:Viral Hepatitis
- INTRODUCTION
- HEPATITIS A VIRUS
- HEPATITIS B VIRUS
- DIAGNOSIS
  - TREATMENT
  - PREVENTION
- HEPATITIS C VIRUS
- HEPATITIS D VIRUS
- HEPATITIS E VIRUS
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 37:Putative Hepatitis Viruses
- INTRODUCTION
- HEPATITIS G VIRUS
- TRANSFUSION-TRANSMITTED VIRUS
- SEN VIRUS
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 38:Acute Cholangitis
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOGENESIS
- BACTERIA INVOLVED IN CHOLANGITIS
- ETIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
- CLINICAL CONTEXT OF ETIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
- DIAGNOSIS
  - CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
  - LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
    - Routine Laboratory Diagnosis
    - Imaging Techniques
- TREATMENT
- PROGNOSIS AND MORTALITY
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 39:Infections of the Pancreas
- INTRODUCTION
- INFECTED PANCREATIC NECROSIS
- EMPHYSEMATOUS PANCREATITIS
- PANCREATIC ABSCESS
- PANCREATITIS AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS
- NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT FOR SAP
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 40:Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
- INTRODUCTION
- BACTERIOLOGY OF SBP
- PREDISPOSING FACTORS FOR SBP
- PREVIOUS EPISODES OF SBP
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- PATHOGENESIS OF SBP
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT OF SBP
- PROPHYLAXIS OF SBP
- FACTORS AFFECTING OUTCOME OF SBP
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SBP
- CONCLUSIONS
SECTION 10: GASTROINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS OF OTHER INFECTIONS
CHAPTER 41:Gastrointestinal Anthrax
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- TRANSMISSION
- RISK FOR EXPOSURE
  - GENERAL PUBLIC
  - OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- PATHOLOGY
- PATHOGENESIS
- HOST IMMUNE INTERACTION
- DIAGNOSIS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL
- BIOTERRORISM
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 42:Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Leptospirosis
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- CLASSIFICATION
  - PHENOTYPIC CLASSIFICATION
  - GENOTYPIC CLASSIFICATION
- METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- INFECTION CYCLE
- RISK FACTORS
- GENETICS OF LEPTOSPIRA
- TYPES OF CLINICAL SYNDROMES
  - ANICTERIC LEPTOSPIROSIS
  - ICTERIC LEPTOSPIROSIS
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - GI MANIFESTATIONS
  - NON-GI COMPLICATIONS
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- VACCINES
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 43:Human Brucellosis
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- RISK FACTORS AND TRANSMISSION
- PATHOGENESIS
- HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - ACUTE BRUCELLOSIS
  - CHRONIC BRUCELLOSIS
- COMPLICATIONS OF BRUCELLOSIS
- DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES
- TREATMENT
- VACCINE
- PREVENTIVE MEASURES
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 44:Cytomegalovirus and Gastrointestinal Tract
- INTRODUCTION
- VIRUS STRUCTURE AND GENOME ORGANIZATION
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CMV
- CLINICAL IMPACT ON SOT
  - DIRECT EFFECTS
  - INDIRECT EFFECTS
- PREVENTION OF CMV DISEASE IN SOT RECIPIENTS
- PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY
- DIAGNOSIS OF CMV INFECTION OF GI TRACT
- TREATMENT OF CMV DISEASE
  - CURRENT THERAPIES
  - EXPERIMENTAL THERAPIES
- PREVENTION OF CMV INFECTION AND DISEASE
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 45:Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Manifestations of Dengue Infection
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- TRANSMISSION
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- MANIFESTATIONS OF GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
  - GI PRESENTATIONS
  - HEPATIC INVOLVEMENT
    - Acute Liver Failure
    - Acalculous Cholecystitis
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- PREVENTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 46:Malaria and the Liver
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- THE LIVER IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF PLASMODIUM
- INCIDENCE OF JAUNDICE AND LIVER DYSFUNCTION IN MALARIA
- ETIOPATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES AND DIAGNOSIS
- LABORATORY FINDINGS
- HISTOPATHOLOGY
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- PROGNOSIS
- CONCLUSIONS

INDEX

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