Jaypee's Other Titles by Prof (Dr) Suraj Gupte
- Recent Advances in Pediatrics (RAP): Hot Topics (General/ Miscellaneous Pediatrics)Vol 21 (2013), Vol 20 (2011), Vol 19 (2010), Vol 18 (2009), Vol 17 (2007),Vol 16 (2006), Vol 15 (2005), Vol 14 (2004), Vol 13 (2003), Vol 12 (2002), Vol 11 (2001), Vol 10 (2000), Vol 9 (1999), Vol 8 (1998), Vol 7 (1997), Vol 6 (1996), Vol 5 (1995), Vol 4 (1994), Vol 3 (1993), Vol 2 (1992), Vol 1 (1991)
- Recent Advances in Pediatrics (RAP): Special VolumesRAP Special Vol24:Respiratory DiseasesRAP Special Vol23:Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionRAP Special Vol21:Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive CareRAP Special Vol20:Nutrition, Growth and DevelopmentRAP Special Vol19:Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsRAP Special Vol18:Pediatric NeurologyRAP Special Vol17:AdolescenceRAP Special Vol16:Pediatric CardiologyRAP Special Vol15:NephrologyRAP Special Vol14:Critical Care PediatricsRAP Special Vol13:Pediatric EndocrinologyRAP Special Vol12:Neonatal EmergenciesRAP Special Vol11:Community PediatricsRAP Special Vol10:PulmonologyRAP Special Vol09:NeurologyRAP Special Vol08:Emergency PediatricsRAP Special Vol07:HematologyRAP Special Vol06:Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionRAP Special Vol05:Neonatology – 2RAP Special Vol04:NeonatologyRAP Special Vol03:Tropical Pediatrics – 2RAP Special Vol02:Tropical PediatricsRAP Special Vol01:Nutrition, Growth and Development
- Recent Advances in Pediatrics (RAP) Volumes in Pipeline
- RAP 21: Hot Topics (General/Miscellaneous Pediatrics)
- RAP Special Vol 25:Perspectives in Neonatology
- The Short Textbook of Pediatrics, 11th edition, 2009
- Differential Diagnosis in Pediatrics, 5th edition, 2009
- Instructive Case Studies in Pediatrics, 5th edition, 2011
- Pediatric Drug Directory, 8th edition, 2013.
Honorary Director: Pediatric Education Network
Editor: The Short Textbook of Pediatrics; Textbooks of Pediatric Emergencies, Neonatal Emergencies, Pediatric Nutrition, and Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Influenza: Complete Spectrum, etc.
Author: Differential Diagnosis in Pediatrics, Instructive Case Studies in Pediatrics, Influenza, Perspectives in Influenza, Pediatric Drug Directory, Speaking of Child Care.
Co-editor: Asian Journal of Maternity and Child Health (Manila, Philippines)
Section and Guest Editor: Pediatrics Today (New Delhi)
Editorial Advisor: Asian Journal of Pediatrics Practice (New Delhi)
Editorial Advisory Board Member/Reviewer: Indian Journal of Pediatrics (New Delhi), Indian Pediatrics (New Delhi), Synopsis (Detroit, USA), Indian Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (Jaipur), Maternal and Child Nutrition (Preston, UK), Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (Turkey)
Examiner: National Board of Examinations (NBE) for DNB, New Delhi; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh; Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar; Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi, India
Pediatric Faculty Selection Expert: All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi; Punjab Public
Service Commission; Jammu and Kashmir Public Service Commission; Union Public Service Commission, etc.
Executive Editors Shamma-Bakshi Gupte
Manu Gupte
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This book has been published in good faith that the contents provided by the contributors contained herein are original, and is intended for educational purposes only. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy of information, the publisher and the editors specifically disclaim any damage, liability, or loss incurred, directly or indirectly, from the use or application of any of the contents of this work. If not specifically stated, all figures and tables are courtesy of the editors. Where appropriate, the readers should consult with a specialist or contact the manufacturer of the drug or device.
Recent Advances in Pediatrics (Special Volume 22)
Immunology, Infections and Immunization
First Edition: 2013
9789350903667
Printed at
fm5Dedicated to
My dear Parents
whose inspiration, motivation, blessings
and moral support continue to contribute
a great deal of our academic endeavors
and
Everybody striving to contribute to
child health and welfare for a
fm7Contributors
- A Parthasarathy
- President
- Indian Academy of Pediatrics 1997
- Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics
- The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University
- Senior Clinical Professor of Pediatrics (Retd)
- Madras Medical College
- Deputy Superintendent, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
- Ch 25: Immunization of the Immunocompromised Children
- Arpita Bhattacharya
- Consultant Pediatric
- Hemato-oncologist
- Apollo Gleneagles Hospital
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Ch 9: Reactive Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
- B Adhisivam
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate
- Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
- Ch 14: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus:
- A Bugging Issue
- Ch 17: Vector-borne Diseases
- B Vishnu Bhat
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
- Ch 11: Pediatric HIV Infection
- Ch 14: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus:
- A Bugging Issue
- Ch 17: Vector-borne Diseases
- Ch 23: Adolescent Vaccines
- Bashir A Charoo
- Additional Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS)
- Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Ch 18: Infective Endocarditis
- Biju John
- Associate Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Armed Forces Medical
- College (AFMC)
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Ch 5: Immunotherapy: Current Concepts and Dilemmas
- BK Das
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Banaras Hindu University (BHU)
- Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Ch 13: Bloody Diarrhea
- Bratati Banerjee
- Associate Professor
- Department of Community Medicine
- Maulana Azad Medical College
- New Delhi, India
- Chandrakant Lahariya
- Public Health Specialist
- Writer Health Society for Community Health
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 22: New and Underutilized Vaccines: Introduction in National Immunization Programs
- Devesh Kumar
- Public Health Consultant
- Writer Health Society for Community Health
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 22: New and Underutilized Vaccines: Introduction in National Immunization Programs
- E Venkata Rao
- Associate Professor
- Department of Community Medicine
- Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital
- Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
- Ch 19: Infection Control
- Gouri Rao Passi
- Consultant
- Department of Pediatrics
- Choithram Hospital and
- Research Center
- Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Ch 8: Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
- H Paramesh
- Pediatrician-in-Chief and
- Senior Pediatric Pulmonologist
- Lakeside Hospital
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Ch 12: Pediatric Tuberculosis
- Javeed Iqbal Bhat
- Senior Resident
- Department of Pediatrics
- Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS)
- Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Ch 18: Infective Endocarditis
- Jennifer D'souza
- Fellow in Vaccinology
- University School of Medicine
- New York, USA
- Ch 21: India's National Immunization Program: Conventional Vaccines and Beyond
- K Lakshminarayanan
- Senior Resident (DM)
- Child Neurology Division
- Department of Pediatrics
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
- Ch 10: Central Nervous System Infections
- Kailash Chandra Patra
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- ESI-Postgraduate Institute of Medical Science and Research (PGIMSR)
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Ch 6: Intravenous Immunoglobulins
- Madhuri Mathur
- Fellow in Vaccinology
- University School of Medicine
- New York, USA
- Ch 21: India's National Immunization Program: Conventional Vaccines and Beyond
- Monika Puri
- Resident
- Department of Community Medicine
- Lady Hardinge Medical College
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 22: New and Underutilized Vaccines: Introduction in National Immunization Programs
- Nancy Kennedy
- Assistant Professor of Immunology
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
- London, United Kingdom
- Ch 1: Immunology: An Overview
- Ch 2: Issues and Concerns in Immunology
- Naveen Thacker
- Senior Consultant and Director
- Deep Children's Hospital and Research Center
- Kutch, Gujarat, India
- Ch 25: Immunization of the Immunocompromised Children
- Nidhi Narsaria
- Department of Pediatrics
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Banaras Hindu University (BHU)
- Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Ch 13: Bloody Diarrhea
- Nitin Singh
- Junior Pediatric Pulmonologist
- Lakeside Hospital
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Ch 12: Pediatric Tuberculosis
- Novy Gupte
- Drug Safety Physician
- APCER Pharma
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 1: Immunology: An Overview
- Ch 2: Issues and Concerns in Immunology
- Ch 3: Immunodeficiency States
- Ch 4: Immunodeficiency: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach
- Ch 21: India's National Immunization Program: Conventional Vaccines and Beyond
- Ch 26: Promising Antimicrobial Drugs: New and not so New
- Ch 27: Antimicrobial Resistance: Issues and Concerns
- P Femitha
- Senior Resident
- Department of Pediatrics
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)
- Puducherry, India
- Ch 11: Pediatric HIV Infection
- P Sasidharan
- Professor and Head
- Neonatology Division
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS)
- Kochi, Kerala, India
- Ch 7: Immunological Basis of Neonatal Sepsis
- Panna Choudhury
- Senior Consultant (Ex)
- Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan (LNJP) Hospital, New Delhi, India
- Ch 25: Immunization of the Immunocompromised Children
- Priyankar Pal
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Ch 9: Reactive Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
- R Kumar
- Consultant in Infectious Disease
- Advanced Medical Center
- Liverpool, UK
- Ch 26: Promising Antimicrobial Drugs: New and not so New
- R Rajkumar
- Professor
- Department of Community Medicine
- Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute
- Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
- Ch 20: Vaccine-preventable Diseases
- R Sivji
- Clinical Professor
- Department of Neonatology
- Amrita Institute of
- Medical Sciences (AIMS)
- Kochi, Kerala, India
- Rachna Sehgal
- Senior Resident (DM)
- Child Neurology Division
- Department of Pediatrics
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 10: Central Nervous System Infections
- Rajniti Prasad
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Banaras Hindu University (BHU)
- Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Ch 13: Bloody Diarrhea
- Ch 16: Neonatal Sepsis: Management Beyond Antibiotics
- Ranjan Sahoo
- Consultant
- Department of Pediatrics
- Choithram Hospital and Research Center
- Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Ch 8: Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
- Rashna Dass
- Associate Professor and In-charge
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
- North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS)
- Shillong, Meghalaya, India
- Ch 15: Meningococcal Disease
- Rohit Agrawal
- President
- Indian Academy of Pediatrics (2012)
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Ch 25: Immunization of the Immunocompromised Children
- S Frank
- Professor and Head
- Department of Immunology and Genetics
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health
- London, United Kingdom
- Ch 1: Immunology: An Overview
- Ch 4: Immunodeficiency: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach
- Sheffali Gulati
- Additional Professor
- Child Neurology Division
- Department of Pediatrics
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
- New Delhi, India
- Ch 10: Central Nervous System Infections
- Sandhya Gupta
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Physiology
- Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital
- Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
- Ch 19: Infection Control
- Sukanya Govindan
- Resident
- Department of Pediatrics
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)
- Puducherry, India
- Ch 23: Adolescent Vaccines
- Sunil G Manas
- Critical Care Fellow
- Department of Pediatrics
- Choithram Hospital and Research Center
- Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Suraj Gupte
- Professor and Head
- Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics
- Mamata Medical College/Mamata General and Superspecialty Hospitals
- Khammam 507002, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Ch:1 Immunology: An Overview
- Ch 4: Immunodeficiency: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach
- Ch 21: India's National Immunization Program: Conventional Vaccines and Beyond
- Ch 26: Promising Antimicrobial Drugs: New and not so New
- Ch 27: Antimicrobial Resistance: Issues and Concerns
- Sushmita Banerjee
- Consultant Pediatric Nephrologist
- Calcutta Medical Research Institute Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Ch 9: Reactive Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
- Uma Raju
- (Air Commodore)
- Air Officer Commanding
- 7 Air Force Hospital
- Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Ch 5: Immunotherapy: Current Concepts and Dilemmas
- Utpal Kant Singh
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Nalanda Medical College and Hospital
- Patna, Bihar, India
- Ch 16: Neonatal Sepsis: Management Beyond Antibiotics
- Vijayewale
- Consultant Pediatrician Neonatologist
- Dr Yewale Hospital
- Navi Mumbai
- Maharashtra, India
The trio, Immunology, Infections and Immunization, was dubbed as “inseparable” by the American Journal of Diseases of Children way back in 1980. Today, the unique relationship amongst the three components of the trio has assumed yet greater significance in the wake of advances made in the field of molecular biology. True, infections continue to be very much around. Nevertheless, thanks to the contribution made in immunology, our understanding in the field of infectious diseases stands considerably enhanced. Now, we are better prepared to face their challenge. The remarkable role of ever-expanding immunization in their prevention remains no secret.
This book is a unique blend of the best of reading matter concerning the trio. The 27 chapters of the treatise contributed by as many as 46 experts drawn from India, England, Ireland and the US attempt to review the depth and breadth of knowledge in the field of contemporary pediatrics in relation to immunology, infections and immunization with special reference to its applicability in the Indian subcontinent.
The state-of-the-art Chapters are presented in four groups, namely Part 1: Immunology; Part 2: Infections; Part 3: Immunization and Part 4: Pharmacotherapy of Infections Diseases and Immunologic Disorders.
Getting off the ground with a fine overview on immunology with accent on the fundamentals, the Part 1 deals with immunology, issues and concerns in immunology, primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders, and diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of immunodeficiency disorders. Separate chapters on the topics immunotherapy, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs), immunological basis for neonatal sepsis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and reactive hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis are also added.
Part 2 offers 10 excellent chapters, providing in-depth and crucial information on such matters as, central nervous system (CNS) infections, HIV, infective endocarditis, neonatal sepsis: Management beyond antibiotics, tuberculosis, bloody diarrhea, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), meningococcemia, vector-borne diseases (VBDs) and infection control.
Part 3 is a down-to-earth approach to different aspects of immunization and vaccines with special emphasis on needs in the Indian subcontinent and other countries of the South-East Asian Region (SEAR). It deals with conventional vaccines, new and underutilized vaccines, adolescent vaccines, human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine and immunization of the immunocompromised. The current recommendations of the IAP as well as EPI/UIP/GOI are given pride of place.fm14
Finally, Part 4 deals with pharmacotherapy in pediatric infectious diseases with a spotlight on new and not so new antimicrobials. An independent chapter provides a thought-provoking commentary on different facets of the growing and worrisome problem of antimicrobial resistance with a call for rejuvenated efforts at producing new antibiotics. Appropriate and rational antibiotic therapy stands out as a key pillar of combating antimicrobial resistance.
Each and every chapter stands out as “remarkable” for its excellence, providing a stimulating and, not infrequently, even provocative, mature and informed update. In keeping with the professed policy of the series, multidisciplinary approach with an eye on future continues to occupy a central spot in the volume. This well-tested approach is befitting when the goal is not only to inform but also to motivate discussion, interaction, research and innovation.
Here is wishing the galaxy of RAP readers a fruitful academic bonanza.
Suraj Gupte
Shamma-Bakshi Gupte
Manu Gupte
fm15Acknowledgments
Grateful acknowledgments are made to:
- Our distinguished contributors for providing excellent state-of-the-art chapters on various topical issues in child health. They were also gracious enough to repose confidence in our editorship. Their understanding, cooperation and comradeship contributed to seeing the light of the day by this keenly-awaited volume in a big way.
- Our peer-reviewers, drawn from India and abroad for, as always, critically reviewing the contributions and providing us the benefit of their expertise. They graciously exhibited the promptness in responding to our requests for speedy action. Undoubtedly, it was largely their assessment that proved crucial in the selection of the chapters for incorporation in the present volume.
- The Advisory Editorial Board for providing inputs and advice in various editorial matters without reservation.
- The management and administration of Mamata Medical College and Hospitals, especially Mr P Ajay Kumar (Chairman), Mr K Sreedhar (Director) and Dr K Koteshwer Rao (Dean and Principal), for providing moral support towards successful completion of this project.
- Dr Novy Gupte, for over and above her own contributions, voluntarily providing all sorts of assistance in taking the project to its logical conclusion despite her preoccupation.
- M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, and their dedicated team, for the skillful and superb production qualities of the book.