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Synopsis of Pathology Anoop N

PART 1: GENERAL PATHOLOGY
CHAPTER 1:Cell Injury, Cell Death and Adaptations
- CELLULAR RESPONSE
- CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS
- SUBCELLULAR ALTERATIONS
- NECROSIS
  - Morphology
  - Classification
- MECHANISMS OF CELL INJURY
- APOPTOSIS
- INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATIONS
  - Pathways
- CALCIFICATION
  - Dystrophic Calcification
  - Metastatic Calcification
- AGING
  - Mechanism
CHAPTER 2:Acute and Chronic Inflammation
- ACUTE INFLAMMATION
- CHEMICAL MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION
- CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
  - Mediators
  - Mechanism
- GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION
  - Conditions
  - Morphology
- SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF INFLAMMATION
CHAPTER 3:Tissue Repair, Regeneration, Healing and Fibrosis
- CELL CYCLE
- SIGNALING MECHANISMS OF GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTORS
- ANGIOGENESIS
  - Steps
  - Involvement of Growth Factors
- CUTANEOUS WOUND HEALING
CHAPTER 4:Hemodynamic Disorders, Thrombosis and Shock
- EDEMA
  - Causes
  - Mechanism
    - Notes
- THROMBOSIS
- EMBOLISM
- INFARCTION
  - Morphology
  - Factors Influencing Infarction
- SHOCK
CHAPTER 5:Diseases of the Immune System
- HYPERSENSITIVITY
- GRAFT REJECTION
- IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE
  - Central Tolerance Mechanism
    - In Thymus
    - In Bone Marrow
  - Peripheral Tolerance Mechanism
- MECHANISMS OF AUTOIMMUNITY
  - Genetic Susceptibility
  - Infections and Tissue Injury
- SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
- RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- AMYLODOSIS
- SCLERODERMA
- PATHOGENESIS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
CHAPTER 6:Neoplasia
- NEOPLASM
  - Features of Tumors
- ANAPLASIA
- METASTASIS
  - Routes of Metastasis
  - Mechanism of Metastasis
- PRENEOPLASTIC DISORDERS
- CARCINOGENESIS: MOLECULAR BASIS ORGENETIC MECHANISM
  - Mechanism
- RB GENE
  - Mechanism of Functioning
    - Knudson's Two-hit Hypothesis
- p53 GENE
  - Mechanism of Functioning
- CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS
  - Initiator Carcinogens
    - Directly Acting
    - Indirectly Acting
  - Promoter Carcinogens
- CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS
- DNA VIRAL ONCOGENESIS
  - Specific DNA Oncogenic Viruses
  - Mechanism in four ImportantDNA Viral Oncogenesis
- RNA VIRAL ONCOGENESIS
  - Specific RNA Oncogenic Viruses
    - HTLV Oncogenesis
- TUMOR ANTIGENS
- PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES
CHAPTER 7:Genetic and Pediatric Diseases
- MUTATIONS
- MARFAN SYNDROME
  - Morphology
- LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASE
  - Main Types
- GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASES (GLYCOGENOSIS)
- AUTOSOMAL GENETIC DISORDERS
  - Autosomal Trisomies
  - Deletion Syndromes
    - Chromosome 22q 11.2 Syndrome
    - Cri du Chat Syndrome
- SEX CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS
  - Klinefelter Syndrome
    - Clinical Features
  - Turner Syndrome
    - Clinical Features
- RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME OF THE NEWBORN
- CYSTIC FIBROSIS
- NEUROBLASTOMA
- RETINOBLASTOMA
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Features
CHAPTER 8:Environmental and Nutritional Diseases
- PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION
  - Primary
  - Secondary
- VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY
- VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY
- EFFECTS OF TOBACCO
  - Toxic Componentsof Tobacco Smoke
- EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL
- EFFECTS OF OBESITY
CHAPTER 9:General Pathology of Infectious Diseases
- MECHANISMS OF VIRAL INJURY
  - Mechanism
- MECHANISMS OF BACTERIAL INJURY
- TUBERCULOSIS
- LEPROSY (HANSEN DISEASE)
- SYPHILIS
- EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY
  - Fixation
  - Staining
- FINE-NEEDLEASPIRATION CYTOLOGY
- HISTOPATHOLOGY
- URINE EXAMINATION
- PACKED CELL VOLUME
- ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE
PART 2: SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY
CHAPTER 10:Blood Vessels
- RESPONSE TO INJURY
- ATHEROSCLEROSIS
- HYPERTENSION
- ANEURISMS
- DISSECTION
  - Aortic Dissection
- VASCULITIS
  - Infectious Vasculitis
  - Non-infectious Vasculitis
    - Types of Non-infectious Vasculitis
- TUMORS
  - Hemangioma
    - Capillary Hemangioma
    - Cavernous Hemangioma
- KAPOSI SARCOMA
  - Types of Kaposi Sarcoma
- RAYNAUD PHENOMENON
CHAPTER 11:Heart
- HEART FAILURE
- ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASES
- HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASES
- RHEUMATIC VALVULAR DISEASE OR RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
- INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
- CARDIOMYOPATHIES
CHAPTER 12:Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Systems
- CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA
  - Etiological
  - Morphological
- HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS
  - Pathogenesis
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Features
- SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Features
- G6PD DEFICIENCY
- PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA
- THALASSEMIA
  - Etiopathogenesis
    - β-thalassemia
    - α-thalassemia
  - Morphology
- IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
  - Etiology
  - Pathogenesis
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Features
  - Biochemistry
  - Treatment (Rx)
- MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
  - Etiology
    - Folate Deficiency
    - Vitamin B12 deficiency
  - Pathogenesis
  - Morphology
  - Vitamin B12 Metabolism
  - Folate Metabolism
  - Lab Diagnosis
    - Tests for Vitamin B12 Deficiency
    - Tests for Folate Deficiency
  - Treatment (Rx)
- PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
  - Etiology
  - Pathogenesis
  - Morphology
  - Diagnostic Criteria
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment (Rx)
- APLASTIC ANEMIA
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Morphology
  - Treatment (Rx)
- MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIAS
- POLYCYTHEMIA
  - Types
    - Polycythemia Vera
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment (Rx)
- LEUKEMOID REACTION
  - Myeloid Leukemoid Reaction
    - Etiology
    - Morphology
  - Lymphoid Leukemoid Reaction
    - Etiology
    - Morphology
  - Myeloid Leukemoid Reaction vs CML
- INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
  - Pathogenesis
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Features
- ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
  - Pathophysiology
  - Morphology
    - Peripheral Blood
    - BM
  - Immunophenotype
  - Histochemistry
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment (Rx)
  - Prognosis
- CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
  - Pathophysiology
  - Morphology
  - Cytochemistry
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment (Rx)
  - Prognosis
- ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA
  - Pathophysiology
  - Morphology
  - Cytochemistry
  - Immunophenotype
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment (Rx)
  - Prognosis
- CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
  - Pathophysiology
  - Morphology
  - Cytochemistry
  - Immunophenotype
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment (Rx)
  - Prognosis
- BURKITT LYMPHOMA
  - Types
  - Morphology
  - Immunophenotype
  - Clinical Features
- MULTIPLE MYELOMA
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Molecular Pathogenesis
  - Immunochemistry
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Features
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment (Rx)
  - Prognosis
- HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
  - Reed-Sternberg Cells or RS Cells
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Classification
    - Rye Classification
    - WHO Classification
  - Morphology
  - Immunophenotype
  - Clinical Features
  - Diagnosis
  - Staging
  - Prognosis
- DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION
  - Etiology
  - Pathogenesis
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Features
  - Lab Findings
  - Treatment (Rx)
- IDIOPATHIC OR IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
  - Etiology
  - Pathogenesis
    - Acute ITP
    - Chronic ITP
  - Clinical Features
  - Lab Findings
  - Treatment (Rx)
- THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Lab Findings
- HEMOPHILIA
  - Hemophilia-A
    - Pathogenesis
    - Clinical Features
  - Treatment (Rx)
  - Hemophilia-B
  - Treatment (Rx)
- VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE
  - Clinical Features
  - Lab Findings
  - Treatment (Rx)
CHAPTER 13:Lungs
- ACUTE RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE
  - Causes
    - Direct Lung Injury
    - Indirect Lung Injury
  - Pathogenesis
- ALVEOLI IN ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Course
- EMPHYSEMA
- CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
- ASTHMA
- BRONCHIECTASIS
- PNEUMOCONIOSIS
- SILICOSIS
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Course
- ASBESTOSIS AND RELATED DISEASES
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Course
- SARCOIDOSIS
- PNEUMONIA
- TUBERCULOSIS
- LUNG CARCINOMAS
- MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA
  - Morphology
CHAPTER 14:Kidney and its Collecting System
- NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
- NEPHRITIC SYNDROME
- RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE GN (CRESENTIC GN)
  - Etiopathogenesis
- ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS
- C/c PYELONEPHRITIS
- DRUG INDUCED NEPHRITIS
- A/c TUBULAR NECROSIS
  - Clinical Course
  - Pathogenesis
- MORPHOLOGY
- BENIGN NEPHROSCLEROSIS
- MALIGNANT NEPHROSCLEROSIS
- POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE
- HYDRONEPHROSIS
- RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
- WILMS TUMOR
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Course
CHAPTER 15:Oral Cavity and Gastrointestinal Tract
- LEUKOPLAKIA
- ERYTHROPLAKIA
- BARRETT ESOPHAGUS
  - Morphology
- ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA
  - Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    - Risk Factors
    - Morphology
  - Adenocarcinoma
    - Morphology
    - Clinical Course
- PEPTIC ULCER
- GASTRIC CARCINOMA
  - Intestinal Type Adenocarcinoma
    - Risk Factors
    - Pathogenesis
  - Diffuse Type Adenocarcinoma
- COLONIC DIVERTICULOSIS
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Features
- MALABSORPTION SYNDROMES
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Course
- INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
- ADENOMAS
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Course
- COLORECTAL CARCINOMA
- FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS SYNDROMES
  - Peutz-Jeghers Polyposis
  - Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
CHAPTER 16:Liver, Gallbladder and Biliary Tract
- HEPATIC FAILURE
  - Complications
    - Hepatic Encephalopathy
    - Hepatorenal Syndrome
- CIRRHOSIS
- PORTAL HYPERTENSION
- VIRAL HEPATITIS
- DRUG-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE
- HEMOCHROMATOSIS
- WILSON'S DISEASE
- ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Course
- HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
- CHOLELITHIASIS (GALLSTONES)
- CHOLECYSTITIS
  - Morphology
    - Acute
    - Chronic
  - Clinical Course
CHAPTER 17:Pancreas
- ACUTE PANCREATITIS
- CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
CHAPTER 18:Male Genital System
- TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS
- NODULAR HYPERPLASIA OF THE PROSTATE
  - Clinical Course
  - Morphology
- PROSTATIC CARCINOMA
- SYPHILIS (LUES)
CHAPTER 19:Female Genital System and Breast
- CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA
- INVASIVE CARCINOMA OF CERVIX
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Course
- ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
- OVARIAN TUMORS
  - Classification
    - Serous Tumors
    - Mucinous Tumors
  - Krukenberg Tumors
- HYDATIDIFORM MOLE
- BENIGN TUMORS OF BREAST
- CARCINOMA OF BREAST
- FIBROCYSTIC CHANGES
CHAPTER 20:Endocrine System
- HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS
- GRAVES' DISEASE
- DIFFUSE AND MULTINODULAR GOITER
- ADENOMA OF THYROID (FOLLICULAR ADENOMA)
- PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THYROID
- FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA OF THYOROID
- MEDULLARY CARCINOMA
- ANAPLASTIC CARCINOMA
- HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
- DIABETES MELLITUS
- CUSHING SYNDROME
- HYPERALDOSTERONISM
- ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
- PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
  - Morphology
  - Clinical Course
- MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA SYNDROMES
  - MEN1
  - MEN2
    - MEN2A
    - MEN2B
CHAPTER 21:Musculoskeletal System
- CONGENITAL DISEASES OF BONE
- PAGET DISEASE (OSTEITIS DEFORMANS)
- RICKETS AND OSTEOMALACIA
  - Pathogenesis of Rickets
  - Pathogenesis of Osteomalacia
- HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
  - Morphology
- OSTEOMYELITIS
- OSTEOARTHRITIS
- GOUT
- FATTY TUMORS
  - Lipoma
  - Liposarcoma
- SMOOTH-MUSCLE TUMORS
  - Leiomyoma
  - Leiomyosarcoma
CHAPTER 22:Skin
- SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
- BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
- MALIGNANT MELANOMA
CHAPTER 23:Nervous System
- BERRY ANEURYSM
- MENINGITIS
- BRAIN TUMORS
  - Classification
- ALZHEIMER DISEASE
- NEUROBLASTOMA
Essays
Diagnosis
Most Important Topics
Important Laboratory Values
Bibliography

INDEX

TOC
Index

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Chapter Notes