Essentials of Biochemistry (For Medical Students) Shivananda Nayak B
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1Essentials of BIOCHEMISTRY23
Essentials of BIOCHEMISTRY (for Medical Students)
Shivananda Nayak BMSc PhD FAGE NRCC-CC (USA) FACB (USA) Professor of Biochemistry Department of Preclinical Sciences Faculty of Medical Sciences University of the West Indies Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
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This book has been published in good faith that the contents provided by the author contained herein are original, and is intended for educational purposes only. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy of information, the publisher and the author specifically disclaim any damage, liability, or loss incurred, directly or indirectly, from the use or application of any of the contents of this work. If not specifically stated, all figures and tables are courtesy of the author. Where appropriate, the readers should consult with a specialist or contact the manufacturer of the drug or device.
Essentials of Biochemistry (for Medical Students)
First Edition: 2010
Second Edition: 2013
9789350905241
Printed at
5Dedicated to
My parents and wife
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7Foreword
Biochemistry is such a vast branch of medical science that it has been the backbone of many studies aimed at raising the standard and effectiveness of medical procedures. It encompasses a host of subspecialties relevant to a thorough study of the subject. For medical students in particular, an in-depth knowledge of the subject is essential to ensure a successful medical career.
I am glad that Dr Shivananda Nayak B has come out with yet another book on biochemistry to enable the medical students understand the subject thoroughly and with ease. As an author of three earlier books on biochemistry, he has dealt with the subject with lucidity and clarity in this book. His meticulous presentation of the subject with illustrations in the chapters of the book will certainly add to the relevance of the book for medical students. The Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and Case Studies of each chapter will certainly help the medical graduates to prepare for postgraduate entrance tests. Having worked as a teacher of biochemistry for the last over 20 years, he knows the pulse of the students and the book is sure to demonstrate the wealth of his knowledge about the subject.
I am happy to write the Foreword for book Essentials of Biochemistry (for Medical Students) and I hope the book will receive appreciation from both the medical students and their teachers.
Ramdas M Pai
President and Chancellor
Manipal University
Manipal, Karnataka, India
8 9Message
It gives me the greatest pleasure to write this message to commemorate the publication of this fine textbook, Essentials of Biochemistry (for Medical Students), authored by my colleague Dr Shivananda Nayak B.
At the Faculty of Medical Sciences in the University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies, Dr Shivananda Nayak B is very highly respected by all levels of staff and it is my observation that he is extremely well-liked by the student body. The reason is plainhe is totally committed to them and can be confidently described as student centered.
He believes in making learning easy as he has been systematic in his approach, so that ideas and information can be readily infused within the vast knowledge base that is required in the curriculum which serves the future health professional.
Dr Shivananda Nayak B has had a meteoric rise to this position of author having already produced three successful books each of which is focused to a special audience.
He is really a visionary and is truly an asset to the Department of Preclinical Sciences and the Faculty of Medical Sciences. His aim is to help and that is being accomplished admirably in the way that he has touched the lives of the many whom have been able to gain from his own teaching, learning, and research experience.
As a person, Dr Shivananda Nayak B is humble, patient and honest in his work. In a project such as this, he was ably supported by his wife who would have endured many hours without his immediate attention, as he was engrossed in this vision. I thank her for this level of devotion to him.
I am sure that this book will be one that students will read now for their initial exposure but which they will be happy to keep for their continuing education in the years to come, when they will be looking for information which is easy to read and assimilate.
My heartiest congratulations to him on this milestone achievement.
Samuel Ramsewak
DGO FRCOG FACOG MD CMT
Professor and Dean
Faculty of Medical Sciences
University of the West Indies
St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
10 11Preface to the Second Edition
I am glad to present second edition entitled Essentials of Biochemistry (for Medical Students). My experience of more than 20 years in teaching biochemistry to medical, dental and allied health, pharmacy and nursing students in India as well as in abroad made me to present the second edition in a simple way that can be easily understood by the student community. I tried best to incorporate diagram-based explanation and self-assessment questions in each chapter. The encouragement, support and suggestions from lecturers, professors and the students inspired me to reveal this second edition with interesting flow charts.
I sincerely thank all those who warmly received the first edition and other titles like Manipal Manual of Clinical Biochemistry and Handbook of Biochemistry published by M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India. It is my pleasure to thank Dr Ramdas M Pai, President, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, for writing foreword to this title. I am indebted to Professor Samuel Ramsewak, Dean, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies, for the message and his continuous support. Last but not least, I thank each and everyone who encouraged me to bring the second edition.
I am immensely grateful to Dr Geetha Samanth, DVS College, Shimoga; Dr (Mrs) Vinutha Bhat, Manipal; Dr Krishnanda Prabhu, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India, for contributing the following chaptersCell, Bioenergetics, Biochemistry of Cancer and Radioisotopes in Medicine, respectively.
As per my promise, the second edition of the textbook will be improved only by successive revisions. The comments, suggestions and constructive criticisms from faculty and students are always welcome. Please feel free to communicate at my e-mail address as: shiv25@gmail.com, if you have any suggestion. The success of the book was due to the active participation of the publisher. This is to record my appreciation for the support extended by Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Mr Tarun Duneja (Director-Publishing), Mr KK Raman (Production Manager), Mr Venugopal (Bengaluru Branch) and their associates of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for readily conceding my request to publish the book and taking all pains to bring the book to my utmost satisfaction.
Shivananda Nayak B
12 13Preface to the First Edition
I am glad to present this edition entitled Essentials of Biochemistry (for Medical Students) There are many textbooks, which deal with the theory aspects of biochemistry in a simple way. My experience of more than 18 years in teaching biochemistry to medical students both in India and abroad has motivated me to write this title in a simple way that can be easily grasped by the student community. I tried my best to incorporate diagram-based explanations wherever necessary that may help the readers. Also, I made an attempt to present self-assessment questions and case studies at the end of each chapter. The encouragement and support both from the teacher and the student community inspired me to present this title with interesting diagram-based explanations.
It is my duty to thank all those who warmly received my other titles like Manipal Manual of Clinical Biochemistry and Handbook of Biochemistry published by M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India. I sincerely thank Dr Ramdas M Pai, President, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, and Dr Sudhakar Nayak, Head, Department of Biochemistry, who encouraged me to offer my 15 years of service to the Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India. I am always grateful to Dr Shivaraj, Professor (Biochemistry), for his inspirations throughout my service. I am indebted to Dr Bhoendradatt Tewarie, Director (PVC Planning), University of the West Indies, for his support when I joined the university. It is my pleasure to thank Professor Samuel Ramsewak, Dean, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of West Indies, for his support. Last but not least, I thank each and everyone who encouraged me to write this title at the right time. I extend my thanks to Miss Geetha Bhaktha for editing the contents.
I am immensely grateful to Dr Geetha Samanth DVS College, Shimoga; Dr (Mrs) Vinutha Bhat, Manipal; Dr Krishnanda Prabhu, Manipal, Karnataka, India, for contributing the following chaptersCell, Bioenergetics, Biochemistry of Cancer and Radioisotopes in Medicine, respectively.
A textbook will be improved only by successive revisions. I will try to revise this book every two years. The comments, suggestions and constructive criticisms from faculty and students are always welcome. Please feel free to communicate at my e-mail address as: shiv25@gmail.com, if you have any suggestion. The success of the book was due to the active participation of the publisher. This is to record my appreciation for the support extended by Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Mr Tarun Duneja (Director-Publishing), Mr Venugopal (Bengaluru Branch) and their associates of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for readily conceding my request to publish the book in color and taking all pains to bring out the book to my utmost satisfaction.
Shivananda Nayak B
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