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Fast Facts in Childhood Poisoning
Sumitha Nayak
SECTION I: GENERAL PRINCIPLES
CHAPTER 1:
General Principles for Treatment of Childhood Poisoning
INITIAL ASSESSMENT
Emergency Stabilization of the Patient
Check and Stabilize
Points to Note
Laboratory Tests
Supportive Treatment
Gastric Decontamination
Adsorption Agents
Cathartics
Emetics
Urine Alkalinization and Hemodialysis
SECTION II: CHEMICAL POISONING
CHAPTER 2:
Hydrocarbons
KEROSENE POISONING IN CHILDREN
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Complications
Prognosis
NAPHTHALENE POISONING IN CHILDREN
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Supportive Treatment
Specific Treatment
Complications
TURPENTINE POISONING IN CHILDREN
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Prognosis
CHAPTER 3:
Strong Acids and Alkalies
ACUTE PHENOL POISONING IN CHILDREN
Routes
Symptoms
Absorption Through the Skin
Absorption Through the Gastrointestinal Tract
Late Signs
Complications
Causes of Death
Treatment
Decontamination
Enhanced Elimination
Treatment of Complications
Prognosis
METHANOL TOXICITY IN CHILDREN
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Central Nervous System
Vision Disturbances
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Prognosis
Indicators of prognosis
ETHYLENE GLYCOL POISONING IN CHILDREN
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Antidote
Hemodialysis
Prognosis
Causes of Death
CHAPTER 4:
Drug Poisoning
ACETAMINOPHEN/PARACETAMOL POISONING
Pathophysiology
Toxic Dose
Signs and Symptoms
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV
Risk Factors for Paracetamol Toxicity
Chronic Paracetamol Toxicity
Investigations
Treatment
Dose
Contraindications to Activated Charcoal
N-ACETYLCYSTEINE
Indications for Use of IV NAC
Method of Administration
Protocols for Administration of NAC
Liver Transplantation
Indications for Liver Transplantation: King's College Criteria
Prognosis
Indicators of Poor Prognosis
NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POISONING IN CHILDREN
Pathophysiology
Drug Interactions
Symptoms
Signs
Late Signs
Investigations
Treatment
No Specific Antidote for NSAID Toxicity
Prognosis
BARBITURATE POISONING IN CHILDREN
Pathophysiology
Effects of Barbiturates
Central Nervous System Effects
Pulmonary Effects
Cardiovascular System Effects
Symptoms
Other Manifestations
Signs
Laboratory Investigations
Treatment
Emergency Care
Course of Recovery
Complications
SALICYLATE POISONING IN CHILDREN
Toxic Dose of Salicylate
Symptoms
Signs
Laboratory Investigations
Treatment
Indications for Discharge
Prognosis
TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS POISONING IN CHILDREN
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Important Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Prognosis
THEOPHYLLINE POISONING IN CHILDREN
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Prognosis
CHAPTER 5:
Metals
IRON POISONING
Fatal Dose of Iron in Children
Pathophysiology
Signs and Symptoms of Iron Toxicity
Stage 1: Early Stage (GI Stage)
Stage 2: Latent Stage
Stage 3: Metabolic/Cardiovascular Stage
Stage 4: Hepatic Stage
Stage 5: Late Stage/Delayed Stage
Investigations
Treatment
Therapy for Iron Toxicity
Chelation of iron
LEAD POISONING IN CHILDREN
Sources of Lead
Pathophysiology
Signs and Symptoms
Investigations
Treatment
Other Chelating Agents
Prognosis
Prevention of Lead Poisoning
MERCURY POISONING IN CHILDREN
Sources of Mercury
Elemental Mercury
Inorganic Mercury Salts
Organic Mercury Compounds
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Emergency Management
Minamata Disease
Prevention
Prognosis
ARSENIC POISONING IN CHILDREN
Pathophysiology
Sources of Arsenic
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Emergency Care
Definitive Treatment
Complications
ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE TOXICITY IN CHILDREN
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
COMPLICATIONS
Causes of Death
CHAPTER 6:
Insecticides
RODENTICIDE (RAT POISON) TOXICITY
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Complications
Follow-up
Prognosis
Prevention
ORGANOPHOSPHORUS POISONING
Pathophysiology
Symptoms of Toxicity
Pathogenesis of Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Specific Antidote Therapy
Prognosis
PYRETHRUM TOXICITY IN CHILDREN
Mode of Action
Routes of Exposure
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Prognosis
CHAPTER 7:
Gases
CAMPHOR POISONING IN CHILDREN
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Supportive Treatment
Counseling
Preparations Containing Camphor as an Ingredient
CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING IN CHILDREN
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Complications
Criteria for Discharge
HYDROGEN SULFIDE TOXICITY IN CHILDREN
Pathophysiology
Toxic Dose Greater than 700 ppm
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Complications
Prognosis
SECTION III: WARFARE
CHAPTER 8:
Biological Warfare
ROUTES OF SPREAD
DETECTION
PROTECTION
ANTHRAX
Cutaneous Anthrax
Inhalation Anthrax
Gastrointestinal Anthrax
Investigations
Treatment
PLAGUE
Bubonic Plague
Septicemic Plague
Pneumonic Plague
Investigations
Treatment
TULAREMIA
Investigations
Treatment
Prevention
SMALLPOX
Investigations
Treatment
VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS
Investigations
Treatment
CHAPTER 9:
Chemical Warfare
CATEGORIES OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Mechanism of Action
Respiratory Tract
Cardiovascular System
Ocular Signs
Musculoskeletal System
Neurological Symptoms
Investigations
Treatment
Guide to Discharge from Hospital
VESICATING OR BLISTERING AGENTS
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Investigations
Treatment
Guide to Discharge from Hospital
RESPIRATORY AGENTS
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Investigations
Treatment
Guide to Discharge from Hospital
CYANIDE POISONING
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Investigations
Treatment
Guide to Discharge
SECTION IV: VENOMS
CHAPTER 10:
Snakebite
SNAKEBITE ENVENOMATION IN CHILDREN
Pathophysiology
Mechanism of Action of the Venoms
Local Effects of Venoms
Symptoms
Signs
Systemic Toxicity
Differentiation Based on Symptoms
Investigations
Other Tests
Treatment
First Aid Treatment
Assess the Patient on Arrival
Diagnosis Phase
Pain Management
General Thumb Rule
ANTISNAKE VENOM
Indications
Other Indications for ASV
Prophylaxis for Prevention of ASV Reactions
Special Situations
Treatment of Anaphylaxis to ASV
Neurotoxic Envenomation
Recovery Stage
Repeat Doses of ASV for Neurotoxic Envenomation
Hemostatic Envenomation
Hypotension After Snakebite
Surgical Intervention
Persistent or Severe Bleeding
Renal Failure
Treatment
Prognosis
CHAPTER 11:
Scorpion Stings
SCORPION STING ENVENOMATION
Classification
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Signs
Grading
Laboratory Investigations
Treatment
Local Treatment
Systemic Treatment
Complications
Prognosis
Cause of Death
CHAPTER 12:
Spider Bite
SPIDER BITE ENVENOMATION
Symptoms and Signs
Treatment
Prognosis
SECTION V: MISCELLANEOUS
CHAPTER 13:
Button Battery Ingestion
INGESTION OF BUTTON BATTERIES
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Treatment
Algorithm for Treatment
Complications
Prognosis
CHAPTER 14:
Insect Stings
SYMPTOMS
SIGNS
TREATMENT
CHAPTER 15:
Vegetable Poisons
COMMON POISON SOURCES
SECTION VI: PREVENTIVE MEASURES
CHAPTER 16:
Measures to Prevent Occurrence of Poisoning
MEASURES TO PREVENT OR REDUCE CHILDHOOD POISONING
INDEX
TOC
Index
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