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Community Medicine with Recent Advances AH Suryakantha

SECTION 1: BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
CHAPTER 1:Introduction to Community Medicine
- HYGIENE
- PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
- SOCIAL MEDICINE
- COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
  - Community and Hospital Medicine
CHAPTER 2:Concept of Health
- INTRODUCTION
- PHYSICAL DIMENSION
- MENTAL DIMENSION
- SOCIAL DIMENSION
- SPIRITUAL DIMENSION
- EMOTIONAL DIMENSION
- VOCATIONAL DIMENSION
- POSITIVE HEALTH
- WELL-BEING
  - Objective Component
  - Subjective Component
- HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX
  - GDP
  - HDI
- SPECTRUM OF HEALTH
- DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
- INDICATORS OF HEALTH
  - Uses
CHAPTER 3:Concept of Disease
- INTRODUCTION
- THEORIES OF DISEASE CAUSATION
- EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD
  - Theory of Multifactorial Causation (Web of Causation)
- NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE
  - Prepathogenesis Phase
  - Pathogenesis Phase
- ICEBERG PHENOMENON OF DISEASE
CHAPTER 4:Concept of Prevention
- INTRODUCTION
- PRIMARY PREVENTION
  - Health Promotion
  - Specific Protection
- PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION
  - Population Strategy
  - High-risk Strategy (Individual Strategy)
- SECONDARY PREVENTION
  - Early Diagnosis and Prompt Treatment
- TERTIARY PREVENTION
  - Disability Limitation
  - Rehabilitation
SECTION 2: ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
CHAPTER 5:Environment and Water
- INTRODUCTION
- PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
- BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
- SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
- CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
- WATER
- WATER CYCLE
  - Merits of Ground Water
  - Demerits of Ground Water
- WELL
- HEALTH HAZARDS OF WATER CONTAMINATION
  - Biological Hazards
  - Chemical Hazards
- PURIFICATION OF WATER
- PURIFICATION OF WATER ON LARGE SCALE
- PURIFICATION OF WATER ON SMALL SCALE
- HARDNESS OF WATER
- CONSERVATION OF WATER RESOURCES
  - Protection of Water Resources
  - Building-up of Subsoil Water Reserves
- SANITARY ANALYSIS OF WATER
- LABORATORY EXAMINATION OF WATER
CHAPTER 6:Air and Ventilation
- INTRODUCTION
- CHANGES IN THE AIR DUE TO HUMAN OCCUPANCY
- EFFECTS OF VITIATED AIR
- INDICATORS OF THERMAL COMFORT
- AIR POLLUTION
- VENTILATION
  - Standards of Ventilation
    - Fresh Air Supply
  - Systems of Ventilation
    - Natural Ventilation
    - Artificial Ventilation (Mechanical Ventilation)
CHAPTER 7:Noise
- INTRODUCTION
  - Frequency
  - Intensity
- NOISE LEVEL VALUES
- INSTRUMENTS USED IN THE STUDY OF NOISE
- HAZARDS OF NOISE POLLUTION
  - Auditory Effects
    - Quantifiable
    - Nonquantifiable
  - Nonauditory Effects
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF NOISE POLLUTION
CHAPTER 8:Light
- INTRODUCTION
- MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT
- NATURAL LIGHTING
  - Measures to Improve Natural Lighting
- ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
  - Other Sources of Artificial Light
- HEALTH HAZARDS OF LIGHTING
  - Biological Effects
CHAPTER 9:Radiation
- INTRODUCTION
- NONIONIZING RADIATIONS
- IONIZING RADIATIONS
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF RADIATION HAZARDS
  - Primary Prevention
  - Secondary Prevention
CHAPTER 10:Housing
- INTRODUCTION
- REQUIREMENTS OF A HOUSE
- HOUSING STANDARDS
- HOUSING AND HEALTH
  - Standards of Rural Housing
- INDICATORS OF HOUSING
- HOUSING PROBLEM
  - Measures to Solve the Housing Problem
CHAPTER 11:Meteorology
- INTRODUCTION
- ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
- AIR TEMPERATURE
  - Measurement
  - Health Hazards of Air Temperature
    - Effects of High Temperature
    - Effects of Low Temperature
- HUMIDITY
- AIR MOVEMENT
CHAPTER 12:Disposal of Wastes
- REFUSE
- METHODS OF REFUSE DISPOSAL
- RECYCLING OF REFUSE
- DISPOSAL OF EXCRETA
- WATER CARRIAGE SYSTEM (SEWERAGE SYSTEM)
- DISPOSAL OF SULLAGE
  - Soakage Pit
- DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE (SEWAGE TREATMENT)
  - Objectives of Sewage Treatment
- TREATMENT OF SEWAGE
CHAPTER 13:Management of Hospital Waste
- INTRODUCTION
- CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTH CARE WASTE
- QUANTITY OF HEALTH CARE WASTE
- OBJECTIVES OF THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
- SAFE WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES HELPS
- LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK
  - Categories of Waste
- STRATEGIES ADOPTED FOR HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
- AVAILABLE TREATMENT AND DISPOSALTECHNOLOGIES
  - Newer Technologies
- EXISTING AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES
- DO'S AND DON'TS OF HEALTH CARE WASTE
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 14:Electronic Waste Management
- E-WASTE BURDEN GLOBALLY
- BURDEN IN INDIA
- SOURCES OF E-WASTE
- IMPACTS/HAZARDS OF E-WASTE
  - Effects on Environment
  - Effects on Health
- BASEL CONVENTION
- WASTE MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
- MANAGEMENT OF OPTIONS
- E-WASTE DISPOSAL
CHAPTER 15:Medical Entomology
- CLASSIFICATION OF ARTHROPODS
- ARTHROPOD BORNE DISEASES
  - Common Terms Used in Entomology
- PRINCIPLES OF ARTHROPOD CONTROL
  - Arthropods of Public Health Importance
- MOSQUITOES
- FLIES
- FLEAS
- LICE
- BUGS
  - Bedbugs
    - Bionomics
    - Control Measures
  - Triatoma Bugs (Reduviid Bugs)
- TICKS
- MITES (CHIGGERS)
- CYCLOPS (WATER FLEA)
  - Morphology
    - Life Cycle
  - Control Measures of Cyclops
- DISINSECTION
- INSECTICIDE TOXICITY
SECTION 3: NUTRITION AND HEALTH
CHAPTER 16:Nutrition and Health
- INTRODUCTION
  - Food
  - Nutrient
  - Nutrition
  - Dietetics
  - Balanced Diet
- CLASSIFICATION OF FOODS
- NUTRIENTS
  - Macronutrients
  - Micronutrients
- PROTEINS
  - Supplementary Actions of Proteins
  - Functions of Proteins
    - Daily Requirement
  - Mixed Vegetable Proteins (Vegetable Blends)
  - Evaluation (Assessment) of Proteins
- FATS
  - Functions of EFA
  - Sources of Fats (Table 16.2)
    - Animal Sources
    - Vegetable Sources (Edible Oils)
  - Functions
- CARBOHYDRATES
  - Functions
  - Sources
  - Carbohydrate and Disease
  - Dietary Fiber
    - Functions
- VITAMINS
- FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
  - Vitamin A
  - Vitamin D
  - Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
  - Vitamin K
- WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
  - Vitamin B Complex Group
  - Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
    - Sources
- MINERALS
  - Calcium
  - Iron
  - Iodine
  - Fluorine
- OTHER TRACE ELEMENTS
  - Zinc
  - Copper
  - Cobalt
  - Chromium
  - Selenium
  - Ultratrace Minerals
  - Antioxidants
- FOOD GROUPS
  - Cereals
  - Pulses (Legumes)
  - Vegetables
  - Nuts and Oil Seeds
    - Groundnuts (Peanuts; Monkey Nuts)
  - Fruits
  - Milk and Milk Products
  - Egg, Meat and Fish
    - Egg
    - Fish
    - Meat
  - Fats and Oils
  - Sugar and Jaggery
  - Condiments and Spices
  - Miscellaneous
- ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
- BALANCED DIET
  - Suggested Substitution for Nonvegetarians
- FOOD HYGIENE
  - Food Additives
  - Food Preservation
  - Food Processing
  - Sanitation of Food Establishments (Restaurants, Eating Houses)
  - Conservation of Nutrients
  - Food Fortification
  - Food Adulteration
    - Tests for Adulterants
  - Milk Hygiene
    - Pasteurization
    - Sterilization
  - Tests for pasteurization
  - Meat Hygiene
  - Food Allergy
- FOOD RELATED DISEASES (PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION PROBLEMS)
  - Deficiency Diseases
    - Protein Energy Malnutrition
    - Vitamin Deficiency Diseases
  - Strategy
  - Disability Limitation
    - Mineral Deficiency Diseases
  - Twelve by Twelve Initiative
  - Excess of Food Consumption
  - Food-borne Intoxications
  - Food Poisoning
  - Food-borne Diseases
- DIET SURVEY
  - Oral Questionnaire Method
  - Questionnaire Method
  - Food Inventory or Log Book Method
  - Food List Method
  - Weighment of Raw Foods
  - Weighment of Cooked Foods (Recipe Method)
  - Analysis of the Cooked Food
  - Points to be noted while doing Diet Survey
- INDICATORS OF MALNUTRITION
- NUTRITIONAL SURVEILLANCE
- NATIONAL NUTRITION POLICY
  - Introduction
  - Strategies
    - Direct Short-term Strategies
    - Indirect Long-term Strategies
  - Implementation
  - National Programs on Nutrition
- ANNEXURE
SECTION 4: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
CHAPTER 17:Occupational Health
- INTRODUCTION
- BURDEN OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
  - Aims
  - Objectives
- ERGONOMICS
  - Working (Occupational) Environment
- OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
- PNEUMOCONIOSES
- LEAD POISONING (PLUMBISM)
- OCCUPATIONAL CANCERS
- OCCUPATIONAL DERMATOSES
  - Host Factors
  - Prevention
- OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY
  - Prevention and Control of Agricultural Hazards
- HAZARDS DUE TO INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION
- ACCIDENTS IN INDUSTRIES
- OFFENSIVE TRADES AND OCCUPATIONS
- SICKNESS ABSENTEEISM
- WOMEN IN INDUSTRY
- HEALTH STATUS OF INDUSTRY
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
- LEGISLATION
- SOCIAL SECURITY
SECTION 5: EPIDEMIOLOGY
CHAPTER 18:Principles and Practice of Epidemiology
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- OBJECTIVES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
- EPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPROACH
- SCOPE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
- MEASUREMENT OF MORBIDITY
- MEASUREMENT OF MORTALITY
- EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES (METHODS)
  - Observational Studies
    - Descriptive Studies (Descriptive Epidemiology)
- TIME DISTRIBUTION
- PLACE DISTRIBUTION
- PERSON DISTRIBUTION
- ANALYTICAL STUDIES (ANALYTICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY)
- EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY (EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES)
- NONRANDOMIZED TRIALS
- ASSOCIATION AND CAUSATION
  - Association
  - Causation
- USES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
CHAPTER 19:Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases
- COMMONLY USED TERMS
- SURVEILLANCE
- DYNAMICS OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION
- INCUBATION PERIOD
  - Related Terms
    - Uses of Incubation Period (Table 19.2)
- INVESTIGATION OF AN EPIDEMIC DISEASE
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF AN EPIDEMIC DISEASE
- IMMUNIZING AGENTS
- IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM
  - Appraisal Points
- COLD-CHAIN
- SCREENING FOR DISEASE
- DISINFECTION
- DISINFECTION PROCEDURES
  - High Level of Disinfection
- HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS (NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS)
- EMPORIATRICS
- INTERNATIONAL HEALTH REGULATIONS 2005
CHAPTER 20:Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases
- STORY OF SMALLPOX (VARIOLA MAJOR) (OBITUARY)
- HUMAN MONKEYPOX
- CHICKENPOX (VARICELLA; WATERPOX)
  - Host Factors
  - Pregnancy
  - Environmental Factors
  - Modes of Transmission
  - Pathology and Pathogenesis
  - Incubation Period
  - Clinical Features
  - Complications
  - Management
  - Prevention
    - Active Immunization
    - Passive Immunization
- ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
  - Magnitude of the Problem
  - Classification
  - Etiology
  - Host Factors
  - Environmental Factors
  - Social Factors
  - Prevention and Control
  - Supportive Treatment at Primary Health Care Level
- MEASLES (MORBILLI; RUBEOLA)
  - History
  - Extent of the Problem
  - Agent Factors
    - Reservoir of Infection
  - Host Factors
  - Environmental Factors
  - Complications
  - Management with Nursing Care
  - Prevention and Control
  - Measles Vaccine
  - Adverse Effects
  - Vaccine of Multiple Antigen (Combined Vaccine)
  - Passive Immunization
  - Other Points
  - Global Eradication of Measles by 2020
  - German Measles (Rubella)
  - Congenital Rubella (Rubella Syndrome)
    - Prevention
- MUMPS
  - Host Factors
  - Environment Factors
  - Clinical Features
  - Complications
  - Prevention and Control
- INFLUENZA
  - History
  - Agent Factors
  - Morphology of the Virus
  - Antigenic Variations
  - Influenza Terminology
  - Epidemiology
  - Host Factors
  - Environmental Factors
  - Modes of Transmission
  - Clinical Presentation
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
    - Biosafety Measures
    - Tests
  - Case Definitions for Avian and Pandemic Influenza
    - Case Definition for Avian Influenza
    - Case Definition for Pandemic Influenza
  - Case Management
  - Revised Guidelines by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
  - WHO Phasing of Pandemic Influenza
- DIPHTHERIA
  - Agent Factors
  - Host Factors
  - Environmental Factors
  - Modes of Transmission
  - Portal of Entry
  - Pathology and Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Schick Test
    - Procedure
    - Interpretation
  - Treatment
  - Prevention and Control
  - Immunization
  - DPT Vaccine (Triple Antigen)
  - Instructions to the Parents
  - Community Diagnosis of Diphtheria
- WHOOPING COUGH (PERTUSSIS)
  - Agent Factors
  - Host Factors
  - Environmental Factors
  - Modes of Transmission
  - Incubation Period
  - Pathology and Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Complications
  - Management
  - Prevention
- MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS (CEREBROSPINAL FEVER OR CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS)
  - Distribution
  - Agent Factors
  - Host Factors
  - Environmental Factors
  - Period of Communicability
  - Pathogenesis
  - Incubation Period
  - Clinical Features
  - Prognosis
  - Prevention and Control of Epidemic Meningitis
  - Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis
- TUBERCULOSIS
  - Memorable Discoveries and Milestones
  - Tuberculosis: A Global Burden
  - Indian Scenario
  - Daily Burden in India
  - Points of Serious Concern
  - Epidemiological Indices (Measurement of TB)
    - Frequency of Infection
    - Frequency of Disease
    - Prevalence of Drug Resistant Cases
    - TB Mortality Rate
  - Agent Factors
    - Reservoir of Infection
    - Infective Material
    - Period of Infectivity
  - Host Factors
  - Incubation Period
  - Pathology and Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Complications
  - Investigations
    - Sputum Examination
    - X-ray of the Chest
    - Tuberculin Test (Mantoux Test; PPD Test)
    - Interpretation of the Reaction
  - Prevention and Control
  - Elimination of Reservoirs
  - Chemotherapy
    - First-Line Drugs
    - Second-Line Drugs
  - Phases of Chemotherapy
    - Intensive Phase
    - Continuation Phase
  - Domiciliary Treatment
    - Treatment Regimens
  - Short Course Chemotherapy
    - Advantages of Short Course Chemotherapy (Compared to Long Course Chemotherapy)
    - Disadvantage
  - Breaking the Channel of Transmission
  - Protection of Susceptibles
    - General Measures
    - Specific Measures
  - BCG Vaccine
    - Nature
    - Indication
    - Diluent
    - Dose
    - Route
    - Schedule
    - Immunity
    - Complications
  - Newer Anti-TB Drugs
  - Review on National Tuberculosis Control Program
  - Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program
    - Strategies
  - Directly Observed Treatment-Short Course
    - Changes in Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program Policy
    - Points on Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program Treatment
    - Some Important Definitions Under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program
  - Functions of Tuberculosis Unit
  - Screening of Contacts
- TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV
  - Impact of HIV on TB
  - Impact of TB on HIV
  - Clinical Presentation
  - Management of HIV and TB
  - Magnitude of the Problem
  - Recent Advances in Multidrug Resistant TB Cases and Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program
- SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
  - Agent Factors
  - Clinical Features
    - Prodromal Phase
    - Respiratory Phase
  - Investigations
  - Case Definition for Surveillance (WHO)
  - Treatment
  - Prevention and Control
  - Instructions to House-hold Contacts
  - SARS—What We Need to Know?
- TYPHOID FEVER
  - Milestones
    - Magnitude of the Problem
  - Agent Factors
  - Host Factors
  - Mode of Transmission
  - Pathology and Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Investigations
  - Complications
  - Treatment
  - Prevention and Control
  - Cellular Extract Vaccine
- ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASES
  - Magnitude of the Problem
    - Global
    - India
  - Causes of Diarrhea
  - Environmental Factors
    - Predisposing Factors
    - Mode of Transmission
  - Related Terms
  - Clinical Features
  - Degree of Dehydration
  - Dosage of IV Fluids
  - Prevention and Control
  - Newer Antidiarrheal Vaccines
- CHOLERA
  - History
    - Magnitude of the Problem
  - Epidemiological Features
  - Agent Factors
  - Host Factors
    - Age and Sex
  - Environmental Factors
  - Predisposing Factors
  - Pathology and Pathogenesis
  - Incubation Period
    - Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Investigations
  - Method of Collection of Stools
  - Method of Collection of Water
    - Culture
  - Prevention and Control
- VIRAL HEPATITIS
  - Hepatitis A
  - Hepatitis B
  - Hepatitis C
  - Hepatitis D
  - Hepatitis E
  - Hepatitis G
- POLIOMYELITIS (Greek: Polio = Gray, Muellos = Marrow)
  - History
  - Magnitude of the Problem
  - Agent Factors
    - Causative Agent
    - Reservoir of Infection
    - Infective Materials
    - Period of Infectivity
  - Host Factors
  - Immunity
    - Environmental Factors
    - Risk Factors (Provocative Factors)
    - Modes of Transmission
  - Pathology and Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Spectrum
    - Polioencephalitis
    - Bulbar Poliomyelitis
  - Diagnosis
  - Management
    - Hydrotherapy (Treatment in Swimming Pool)
  - Prevention and Control
  - Immunization
    - Active Immunization
  - Merits
  - Demerits
    - Composition
    - Route
    - Schedule
    - Mechanism of Protection
  - Advantages of Oral Polio Vaccine
    - Associated Risk
  - Contraindications
  - Storage
  - Instructions to the Mother
  - Reasons of Vaccine Failures
    - Passive Immunization
  - Vaccine-Vial Monitor
  - How to read VVM?
  - Eradication of Poliomyelitis
  - Differential Diagnosis of Poliomyelitis
  - Transverse Myelitis
  - Traumatic Neuritis
  - Pulse Polio Immunization
- DRACUNCULIASIS
  - Synonyms: Dracontiasis, Dracunculiasis, Guinea Worm Disease
    - Magnitude
  - Agent Factors
  - Host Factors
  - Incubation Period
  - Pathogenic Effects and Clinical Features
    - Laboratory Diagnosis
    - Management of a Case
  - Prevention and Control
  - National Guinea Worm Eradication Program (1983)
- AMOEBIASIS
  - Agent Factors
  - Pathology and Pathogenesis
  - Incubation Period
  - Clinical Features
    - Intestinal Amoebiasis
    - Amoebic Liver Abscess
  - Investigations
  - Treatment
  - Prevention and Control
- GIARDIASIS
  - Agent Factors
  - Host Factors
  - Incubation Period
  - Clinical Features
  - Complications
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - Prevention and Control
- ASCARIASIS
  - Agent Factors
  - Host Factors
  - Environmental Factors
  - Mode of Transmission
  - Incubation Period
  - Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
    - Direct Evidences
    - Indirect Evidences
  - Prevention and Control
- ANCYLOSTOMIASIS
  - Distribution
  - Agent Factors
  - Environmental Factors
  - Pathogenic Effects and Clinical Features
  - Clinical Features of Hookworm Infestation
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
    - Examination of Stool
    - Examination of Blood
  - Prevention and Control
    - Elimination of Reservoir
  - Blocking the Channel of Transmission
  - Protection of Susceptibles
- TETANUS
  - History
  - Magnitude of the Problem
  - Agent Factors
  - Pathology and Pathogenesis
  - Incubation Period
  - Clinical Features
  - Differential Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - Clinical Types of Tetanus
    - Prognosis
  - Prevention and Control
- NEONATAL TETANUS
  - Extent of the Problem
  - Public Health Importance
    - Predisposing Factors
  - Pathology and Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
    - Elimination of Neonatal Tetanus
    - Strategies for the Elimination of NNT
- MALARIA (Mala = Bad; Aria = Air)
  - History
  - Magnitude
  - Trend of Malaria
  - Agent Factors
    - Agent
  - Life History
    - Reservoir of infection
  - Host Factors
  - Predisposing Factors
  - Environmental Factors
  - Incubation Period
  - Clinical Features
  - Measurement of Malaria (Malariometry)
  - Prevention and Control
  - National Antimalaria Program
- LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS
  - History
  - Current Filariasis Situation
  - Socioeconomic Burden
  - Agent Factors
  - Reservoir of Infection
  - Host Factors
  - Social Factors
  - Environmental Factors
  - Vectors
  - Mode of Transmission
  - Pathogenesis
    - Clinical Features
  - Filaria Survey
  - Newer Diagnostic Modalities
  - Control of Lymphatic Filariasis
  - Integrated Vector Control
  - National Filaria Control Program
- PLAGUE
  - History
  - Agent Factors
    - Agent
    - Reservoir
  - Host Factors
  - Environmental Factors
  - Flea Indices
  - Modes of Transmission
  - Pathology and Pathogenesis
  - Incubation Period
  - Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Investigations
  - Prevention and Control
- LEISHMANIASES
  - Visceral Leishmaniasis
  - Magnitude of the Problem
  - Agent Factors
  - Life Cycle
  - Reservoir of Infection
  - Host Factors
  - Environmental Factors
  - Miscellaneous Factors
  - Mode of Transmission
  - Incubation Period
    - Clinical Features
  - Prevention and Control of Kala-azar
- ARBOVIRAL DISEASES
  - Classification of Arboviruses
- YELLOW FEVER
  - Distribution and Extent of the Problem
  - Agent Factors
  - Host Factors
    - Clinical Features
  - Investigations
  - Management
  - Prevention and Control
  - Surveillance Program
  - International Certificate of Vaccination against Yellow Fever
  - Prevention of Yellow Fever in India
- DENGUE FEVER
  - Magnitude of the Problem
  - Agent Factors
  - Pathophysiology
    - Clinical Features
  - Investigations
  - Management
  - Prevention and Control
- JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
  - Agent Factors
    - Management
  - Prevention and Control
    - Safety Precautions
    - Instructions to the People
  - Epidemiological Points
  - Case Definition
- CHIKUNGUNYA FEVER (EPIDEMIC POLYARTHRITIS)
  - Causative Agent
  - Reservoir
  - Vector
  - Extrinsic Incubation Period
  - Clinical Features
    - Prevention and Control
- KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE
  - History
  - Agent Factors
  - Host Factors
    - Life Cycle
  - Incubation Period
  - Clinical Features
  - Investigations
  - Management
  - Prevention and Control
- RICKETTSIAL DISEASES
- EPIDEMIC TYPHUS
  - Prevention and Control
- ENDEMIC TYPHUS
- SCRUB TYPHUS
- INDIAN TICK TYPHUS
- ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER
- RICKETTSIAL POX
- TRENCH FEVER
- Q-FEVER
  - Prevention and Control Measures
- EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM
  - Agent Factors
    - Agent
  - Host Factors
  - Social Factors
  - Demographic Factors
  - Prevention and Control
- SYNDROMIC CASE MANAGEMENT OF RTIs/STIs (SYNDROMIC APPROACH)
  - Steps Involved in Adopting Syndromic Approach
  - Gathering Information for Syndromic Diagnosis of STDs
    - History Taking
    - Clinical Examination
  - Steps in Examining the Patient for STI Syndromes
    - Male Patients
    - Female Patients
  - Roles and Responsibilities of the Doctors while Caring for Patients with STI (6 Cs)
  - Advantages of the Syndromic Case Management
  - Disadvantages of the Syndromic Case Management
  - Managing STI using the Syndromic Approach
  - Seven Pre-packed STI/RTI Kits for Syndromic Management
  - Diagnosis and Treatment for Partners based on the First Patient
- HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)/ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
- HISTORY
- MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM
- INDIA
  - Agent Factors
  - Life Cycle of HIV
  - Infective Materials (Source of Infection)
  - High-risk Groups
  - Attributable Factor for HIV Transmission
  - Pathogenesis (Immunology) (Life Cycle)
  - Opportunistic Organisms
  - Clinical Spectrum of HIV/AIDS
  - Diagnosis of HIV
  - Diagnosis of AIDS
  - Clinical Presentation of Children with AIDS
    - Major Signs
    - Minor Signs
  - Prevention and Control of AIDS
  - Clinical Criteria to Start ART
  - Anti-retroviral Drugs
  - Dosage Schedule of First Line ARV Regimens
  - Indications for Changing Treatment
    - Second Line Regimen
    - Monitoring of ART Response
  - Immune Reconstitution Syndrome
    - Conditions Reported as IRS
  - Breaking the Channel of Transmission
  - Protection of Susceptible Persons
- AIDS VACCINE
  - Major Challenges towards the Development of an Effective HIV/AIDS Vaccine
- CLINICAL TRIAL ON AIDS VACCINE
  - Standard (Universal) Precautions
  - Steps of PEP
  - Parent to Child Transmission of HIV
    - Risk Factors for MTCT
  - Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV
- RABIES
  - Historical Perspective
  - Extent of the Problem
  - Etiology
  - Reservoir of Infection
  - Infective Material
  - Period of Infectivity
  - Susceptibility
  - Modes of Transmission
  - Route of Entry of Virus
  - Pathology and Pathogenesis
  - Incubation Period
  - Clinical Features
    - Clinical Features of Dumb Rabies (Paralytic Rabies)
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Prevention of Rabies in Man
    - Postexposure Prophylaxis
  - Principles of PEP
  - Indications for Antirabies Immunization
  - Situations where Antirabies Immunization is not Indicated/Required
  - Rabies Vaccine History
  - Active Immunization
    - Antirabies Vaccines (ARVs)
- THERE IS NO SINGLE DOSE VACCINE OR A VACCINE GIVING LIFELONG IMMUNITY
  - Nerve Tissue Vaccines
  - Dosage Schedule
  - WHO Guidelines for Postexposure Treatment (PET)
    - Suckling Mouse Brain Vaccine
  - Duck Embryo Vaccine or Flury's Vaccine
  - Cell Culture Vaccines
    - Intramuscular Schedules
    - Intradermal Schedules
  - Failure with Cell Culture Vaccine
  - Pre-exposure Immunization
  - Control of Rabies in Dogs
  - Personal Protection against Rabies
- LEPROSY (In Greek, ‘Leper’ means Scaly)
  - History
  - Magnitude of the Problem
    - World
    - India
  - Agent
  - Reservoir of Infection
  - Age Incidence
  - Sex Incidence
  - Race
  - Malnutrition
  - Immunity
  - Environmental Factors
  - Social Factors
  - Infectivity
  - Modes of Transmission
  - Pathology and Pathogenesis
  - Incubation Period
  - Classification of Leprosy (Clinical Spectrum of Leprosy)
  - WHO Classification
  - Field Workers’ Classification
  - Clinical Presentation
  - Case Evaluation
    - Bacteriological Examination
    - Lepromin Test
    - Applications
  - Clinical Spectrum (Figs 20.75 to 20.81)
    - Skin Lesions
  - Diagnosis
  - Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm of Leprosy
    - Key Points
  - Investigations
  - Complications
    - Lepra Reactions
- CONTROL OF LEPROSY
  - Medical Measures
  - Definition of Terminologies (WHO) (Table 20.31)
- STANDARD CHILD TREATMENT REGIMEN (10-14 YEARS)
  - For MB Leprosy
  - For PB Leprosy
  - Epidemiological Points
- SUMMARY
  - Management of Leprosy Reaction
  - Key Messages
  - Social Measures
  - Managerial Aspects
  - Evaluation
    - Operational Indicators
    - Epidemiological Indicators
  - Leprosy Organizations in India
  - National Leprosy Eradication Program
  - National Leprosy Elimination Campaign
  - Myths and Realities of Leprosy Elimination
    - Leprosy Day
- YAWS
  - Magnitude
  - Period of Communicability
    - Incubation Period
  - Clinical Features
    - Laboratory Investigation
    - Treatment
  - Eradication of Yaws
CHAPTER 21:Epidemiology of Noncommunicable Diseases
- NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
  - Burden, Socioeconomic Implications, Policies and Program for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases in India—A Report on National Summit on NCDs
  - National Response to Noncommunicable Diseases
- FUTURE PLAN TO PREVENT AND CONTROL NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
  - Approach
  - Programs
- CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
  - Predisposing Factors
    - Nonmodifiable Risk Factors
    - Modifiable Risk Factors
  - Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease
- CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES
- RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
- HYPERTENSION
- STROKE
- OBESITY
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER CERVIX
- DIABETES MELLITUS
- CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS
- INDIAN DIABETIC RISK SCORE (IRDS)(DEVELOPED BY MADRAS DIABETES RESEARCH FOUNDATION)
- INTRODUCTION
- INTRODUCTION
- MOBILITY OF BLIND
  - Mobility with the Help of a Companion
  - Sensory Training and Mobility
    - Daily Living Skills
- COMMUNITY OPHTHALMOLOGY
  - Synonyms
SECTION 6: HEALTH-RELATED DISCIPLINES
CHAPTER 22:Maternal and Child Health Services (Preventive Obstetrics and Pediatrics)
- MOTHER AND CHILD—ONE UNIT
- SERVICES TO THE MOTHERS
- ESSENTIAL AND IMMEDIATE CARE OF THE NEWBORN
  - Objectives of the Neonatal Care
- LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABY
- KANGAROO MOTHER CARE
- FEEDING OF INFANT
- RELACTATION
- GROWTH MONITORING
  - Important Growth Charts
- UNDER FIVES CLINIC
- HANDICAPPED CHILDREN
- JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
  - Causes
  - Prevention
- CHILD GUIDANCE CLINIC
- SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES
- INDICATORS OF MCH CARE
- RIGHTS OF THE CHILD
- CHILD WELFARE AGENCIES
  - Activities
- INTEGRATED MOTHER AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES SCHEME (IMCDS SCHEME)
- STREET CHILDREN
  - Government and Non-Government Responses
CHAPTER 23:Demography
- DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE (DEMOGRAPHIC STAGES)
  - Stages of Demographic Cycle
- SIZE OF THE POPULATION (MAGNITUDE OF THE POPULATION)
  - Census
    - Errors (Limitations) of Census
    - Uses of Census
- POPULATION TREND IN THE WORLD
- POPULATION TREND IN INDIA
- COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION
- DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION
  - Urbanization
  - Hazards of Urbanization
- POPULATION DYNAMICS
  - Marriages
    - Marriage Rate
  - Fertility
- MEASUREMENT OF FERTILITY (FERTILITY INDICATORS)
- MEASUREMENT OF MORTALITY
- POPULATION EXPLOSION (POPULATION BOMB)
  - Reasons for Population Explosion
    - Causes of High Birth Rate
    - Causes of Low Death Rate
  - Hazards of Population Explosion
- POPULATION STABILIZATION
  - Reduction of Birth Rate
    - Nonbirth Control Measures
    - Birth Control Measures (Family Planning Methods)
CHAPTER 24:Family Planning
- NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING
- SCOPE OF FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES
- CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS (FERTILITY REGULATING METHODS; TECHNIQUES OF BIRTH CONTROL)
  - Temporary (Nonterminal Methods; Spacing Methods)
  - Terminal (Permanent Methods; Sterilization Methods)
- TEMPORARY METHODS
- TERMINAL METHODS
  - Vasectomy
  - Tubectomy
- EVALUATION OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
CHAPTER 25:Biostatistics
- VARIABILITY
- APPLICATIONS OF BIOSTATISTICS
  - Types and Sources of Data
    - Continuous Data
    - Discrete Data
  - Sources of Data
  - Sources of Health Statistics
- PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA
- TABULATION
  - Qualitative Tables
  - Quantitative Tables
  - Cumulative Frequency Table
- DIAGRAMMATIC PRESENTATION
  - Points to be Remembered in the Construction of a Diagram or Graph
  - Spot Map (Geographic Spot Map)
  - Shaded Map
- MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
  - Mean
  - Median
    - Graphic Method for Locating the Median
  - Mode
- MEASURES OF LOCATION—QUANTILES
- MEASURES OF DISPERSION
  - Standard Deviation
    - Applications of Standard Deviation
  - Coefficient of Variation
- PROBABILITY
  - Probability Distributions
  - Skewed Distribution
- SAMPLING
  - Characteristics of a Representative Sample
  - Census Enumeration v/s Sampling Enumeration
  - Sampling Designs (Sampling Methods; Sampling Techniques)
  - Size of the Sample
  - Calculation of Sample Size for Qualitative Data
  - For Quantitative Data
  - Errors in Sampling
    - Sampling Errors
    - Nonsampling Errors
- SAMPLING VARIATION
  - Standard Error of the Mean
  - Significance
- NULL HYPOTHESIS (DENOTED AS H0)
- TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE
  - General Procedures for Testing a Hypothesis
  - Standard Error of the Mean (SE x)
    - Uses of SE
    - Calculation of SE of the Mean
  - Standard Error of the Difference between Two Means
    - Procedure
  - Standard Error of Proportion
    - Uses of Standard Error of Proportion
  - Standard Error of Difference between two Proportions
    - Conclusion
  - ‘t’ Test (Student's “t” Test)
    - Degrees of Freedom
  - Chi-square Test (χ2 Test)
- ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
- NONPARAMETRIC TESTS
  - Sign Test
  - Wilcoxon's Signed Rank Test
  - Mann-Whitney Test
- CORRELATION AND REGRESSION CORRELATION
  - Interpretation of Bivariate Data
  - Scatter Diagram
  - Correlation Coefficient
  - Inference
- REGRESSION
  - Regression Coefficient
  - Regression Equation
  - Nonlinear Regression
  - Multiple Correlation and Regression
  - Spearman's Rank Correlation Test
- LIFE TABLE
  - Description
  - Uses of Life Table
- ANNEXURE - I
  - Table of Unit Normal Distribution
- ANNEXURE - II
  - Table of Random Numbers
- ANNEXURE - III
  - Table of t Distribution
- ANNEXURE - IV
  - Table of χ2 Distribution
- ANNEXURE - V
  - Kendall's Table
CHAPTER 26:Social Science
- COMMUNITY
- CULTURE
- ACCULTURATION
- FAMILY SYSTEM
- FAMILY CYCLE
- FAMILY TYPES
- FAMILY FUNCTIONS
- ROLE OF FAMILY AND CULTURAL FACTORS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
- SOCIAL PROCESS
- SOCIAL FACTORS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE (SOCIAL PATHOLOGY)
- MANAGEMENT OR PREVENTION OF SOCIAL PATHOLOGY
- SOCIAL RESEARCH
- OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
  - Phases in Operational Research
- MEDICOSOCIAL WORKER
- PERSONAL HYGIENE
CHAPTER 27:Information, Education and Communication
- INFORMATION
- EDUCATION
- COMMUNICATION
- STEPS IN IEC: PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION
- TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
- BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
- HEALTH EDUCATION
  - Objectives
  - Health Education vs Health Propaganda (Publicity)
- APPROACHES IN HEALTH EDUCATION
- CONTENTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION
  - Principles of Health Education
- PRACTICE IN HEALTH EDUCATION
  - Audiovisual Aids
  - Levels in Health Education
- METHODS IN HEALTH EDUCATION
  - Individual and Family Level
  - Group Level
- LECTURE
- DEMONSTRATION
  - Discussion Methods
  - Rules of Group Discussion
- DEMERITS
- THE DELPHI METHOD
  - SWOT Analysis
    - Structure of SWOT Analysis (Fig. 27.2)
CHAPTER 28:Human Genetics
- MULTIPLICATION
- CHROMOSOMES
  - Genotype and Phenotype
- CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES
- DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
- POPULATION GENETICS
- CLASSIFICATION OF GENETIC DISORDERS
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF HEREDITARY DISORDERS
CHAPTER 29:Preventive Geriatrics
- POPULATION OF THE AGED
- THEORIES OF AGING PROCESS
- HEALTH PROBLEMS OF THE AGED
- CARE OF THE AGED
- OLD AGE SOCIAL AND INCOME SECURITY
- HELPAGE INDIA
- NATIONAL POLICY ON OLDER PERSONS
- BENEFITS GIVEN TO SENIOR CITIZENS OF INDIA
CHAPTER 30:Mental Health
- MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM
- CAUSATIVE FACTORS
- TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF MENTAL ILLNESS
CHAPTER 31:Adolescent Health
- CHANGES DURING ADOLESCENCE
- IMPORTANCE
  - Key Facts
- CHALLENGES IN ADOLESCENT HEALTH IN INDIA
- IMPACTS OF ADOLESCENCE
- ADOLESCENT HEALTH PROBLEMS
- SERVICES IN ADOLESCENT HEALTH CLINICS
- RECOMMENDATIONS
- CONCLUSION
- ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL HEALTH
  - Key Interventions
CHAPTER 32:Alcoholism and Drug Addiction
- DEFINITION
- IDENTIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS
SECTION 7: HEALTH ADMINISTRATION AND ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER 33:Health for All
- MEANING
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- IMPORTANCE
  - Milestones
CHAPTER 34:Health Care
- THREE-TIER SYSTEM OF HEALTH CARE
- PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
- PUBLIC HEALTH SECTORS
  - Primary Health Care
  - Functions of the Primary Health Center
- INDIAN PUBLIC HEALTH STANDARDS FOR PRIMARY HEALTH CENTERS
- HEALTH WORKER FEMALE
- HEALTH WORKER MALE
  - Record Keeping
  - Role in the Control of Communicable Diseases
- HEALTH ASSISTANT FEMALE
- HEALTH ASSISTANT MALE
  - Community Health Center
    - Staff Pattern of Community Health Center
    - Services Provided
- INDIAN PUBLIC HEALTH STANDARDS FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS
- INDIGENOUS SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
CHAPTER 35:National Rural Health Mission—2005-2012
- OBJECTIVES
- STATE OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN INDIA
- NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH MISSION—A VISION
- GOALS
- STRATEGIES
  - Core Strategies
  - Supplementary Strategies
- PLAN OF ACTION
- TARGETS OF THE NRHM (BY THE YEAR 2012)
  - JSY and JSSY Schemes
- PROGRESS UNDER NRHM (AS ON DECEMBER 2011)
- AUTO-DISABLE SYRINGES
  - Advantages of AD Syringes
    - Instructions
  - Disposal of AD Syringes
CHAPTER 36:National Urban Health Mission
- RATIONALE
- GOAL
- STRATEGIES
- TARGETS UNDER NATIONAL URBAN HEALTH MISSION
  - Coverage and Duration of National Urban Health Mission
  - Definition of Slum
- INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK UNDER NATIONAL URBAN HEALTH MISSION
- COMMUNITY RISK POOLING
  - Uses of this Pooling
- URBAN HEALTH INSURANCE MODEL
  - Benefits
- PRIMARY URBAN HEALTH CENTER
- INTRASECTORAL COORDINATION
- MONITORING AND EVALUATION
CHAPTER 37:Health Planning and Management
- PLANNING
- MANAGEMENT (NETWORK ANALYSIS)
  - Objectives
  - Methods
- COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
- COST-EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS
  - Merits
  - Demerits
- MANAGER
CHAPTER 38:National Health Planning
- BHORE COMMITTEE REPORT, 1946
- MUDALIAR COMMITTEE REPORT, 1962
- CHADAH COMMITTEE REPORT, 1963
- MUKERJI COMMITTEE REPORT, 1965
- MUKERJI COMMITTEE REPORT, 1966
- JUNGALWALA COMMITTEE REPORT, 1967
- KARTAR SINGH COMMITTEE REPORT, 1973
- SRIVASTAV COMMITTEE REPORT
- NATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL PLANS
- ORGANIZATION OF INDIAN HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
- RURAL DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 39:National Health Policy
- PRIORITY AREAS OF THE POLICY
  - Other Strategies of NHP, 1983
    - Targets
- NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY, 2002
- MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
- NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY
- NATIONAL NUTRITION POLICY
  - Strategies
    - Direct (Short-term) Strategies
    - Indirect (Long-term) Strategies
  - Administration
- NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY-2000: AN OVERVIEW
  - Goals
- NATIONAL POLICY FOR CHILDREN
- NATIONAL POLICY FOR OLDER PERSONS
CHAPTER 40:National Voluntary Health Agencies/Organizations
- VOLUNTARY HEALTH AGENCIES
- VOLUNTARY HEALTH ASSOCIATION OF INDIA
- VOLUNTARY HEALTH AGENCIES IN INDIA
CHAPTER 41:International Health Organizations
- FIRST INTERNATIONAL SANITARY CONFERENCE (1851)
- PAN AMERICAN SANITARY BUREAU (1902)
- OFFICE INTERNATIONAL d'HYGIÈNE PUBLIQUE (1907)
- HEALTH ORGANIZATION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS (1923)
- UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND REHABILITATION ADMINISTRATION
- WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
- UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
- FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION
- INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION
  - Functions
- UNITED NATIONS FUND FOR POPULATION ACTIVITIES
- UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION
- UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSION FOR REFUGEES
- WORLD BANK
- UNITED NATIONS JOINT PROGRAM ON AIDS
- UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL PROGRAM
- UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM
- INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
- WORLD FOOD PROGRAM
  - Beneficiaries
  - Nutritive Value
CHAPTER 42:Bilateral Agencies
- COLOMBO PLAN
- UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
- SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION
- DANISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
- NON-GOVERNMENT (NON-UN) AGENCIES
  - Ford Foundation
    - Activities
  - Rockefeller Foundation
    - Activities
- COOPERATIVE FOR AMERICAN RELIEF EVERYWHERE
CHAPTER 43:National Health Programs
- RELATED TO COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
- RELATED TO NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
- RELATED TO NUTRITION
- OTHER HEALTH PROGRAMS
- NATIONAL ANTIMALARIA PROGRAM
  - History
- NATIONAL MALARIA ERADICATION PROGRAM
  - Preparatory Phase
  - Attack Phase
  - Consolidation Phase
    - Active Surveillance
  - Severe and Complicated Cases of Malaria
  - Modified Plan of Operation of Malaria Control
    - Objectives
  - Urban Malaria Scheme
  - Operational Details
  - MPO Achievement
  - Roll Back Malaria
  - Goals
- REVISED NATIONAL DRUG POLICY (2010) FOR TREATMENT OF MALARIA
  - Aims of the Policy
  - Chemoprophylaxis
- NATIONAL FILARIA CONTROL PROGRAM
  - Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in India
- NATIONAL KALA-AZAR CONTROL PROGRAM (NKCP)
- NATIONAL JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS CONTROL PROGRAM (NJECP)
- NATIONAL DENGUE FEVER/DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER CONTROL PROGRAM
- NATIONAL LEPROSY CONTROL PROGRAM
- NATIONAL LEPROSY ERADICATION PROGRAM
  - Multidrug Treatment
  - Multibacillary Leprosy
  - Paucibacillary Leprosy
  - Infrastructure
  - Progress of National Leprosy Eradication Program
  - Program Assistance
  - Modified Leprosy Elimination Campaign (MLEC)
    - Regimen for Paucibacillary Cases
    - Regimen for Multibacillary Cases
  - Leprosy Elimination Monitoring
- NATIONAL GUINEA WORM ERADICATION PROGRAM (NGEP)
- UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM
- NATIONAL POLIOMYELITIS ERADICATION PROGRAM (NPEP)
  - Historical Perspective
  - Strategies of Polio Eradication
  - Components of AFP Surveillance
- REVISED NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAM (RNTCP)
  - National TB Control Program
  - Objectives of NTCP
  - Organization and Administration
- NATIONAL ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS CONTROL PROGRAM (NARICP)
  - Strategy
  - Administrative Set-up
- NATIONAL DIARRHEAL DISEASES CONTROL PROGRAM (NDDCP)
- NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL PROGRAM (NACP)
  - Phase I (From 1992 to 1999)
  - Phase II (From 1999 to 2006)
- CARE OF THE PEOPLE LIVING WITH AIDS (PLWA)
  - STI Treatment
  - Condom Programming/Promotion
  - Multisectoral Collaboration
  - Public Private Partnership
  - Holistic IEC and Social Mobilization
  - Safe Blood
  - PHASE III (From 2006 to 2011)
  - Integrated Counseling and Testing Center (ICTC)
  - HIV Testing at the ICTC
    - Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission (PPTCT) Services
    - Integration between ICTCs and TB Services
  - AIDS—Vaccine Initiative
  - Low Cost Care and Support
  - Evidence-based Planning
  - Monitoring and Evaluation
- ‘3 BY 5’ INITIATIVE
- NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE CONTROL OF BLINDNESS
  - Objectives
  - Operational Strategies
  - Administrative Set-up
    - Procurement and Supplies
    - Program Components
  - NPCB Achievement
  - Revised Strategy
  - Targets for Tenth Five Year Plan
  - External Assistance
  - ‘Right to Sight’ Initiative (Vision 2020)
- NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DEAFNESS
  - Objectives
  - Strategies
  - Components of the Program
  - Expected Benefits of the Program
- NATIONAL CANCER CONTROL PROGRAM (NCCP)
  - Functions of the Organizations
- NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DIABETES, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND STROKE (NPDCS)
  - Magnitude of the Problem
  - Objectives
- NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM (NMHP)
  - Introduction
  - Magnitude of the Problem
  - Aim
  - Objectives
  - Strategies
  - Components of NMHP
  - Organization
- DISTRICT MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM (DMHP)
  - Objectives
  - Components
  - Services
  - Comments
  - Current Status
- NATIONAL IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS CONTROL PROGRAM (NIDDCP)
  - Aim
  - Objectives
  - Administrative Set-up
- NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR CONTROL AND TREATMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
  - Burden of Occupational Diseases and Injuries
- NATIONAL VITAMIN ‘A’ PROPHYLAXIS PROGRAM
  - Aim
  - Strategy
- NATIONAL NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA CONTROL PROGRAM (NNACP)
- NATIONAL SPECIAL NUTRITION PROGRAM
- NATIONAL BALWADI NUTRITION PROGRAM (NBNP)
- NATIONAL MID-DAY SCHOOL MEAL PROGRAM
- NATIONAL INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES (ICDS) SCHEME
- NATIONAL TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAM
- NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAM (NFWP)
  - Evaluation of Family Planning
- NATIONAL REPRODUCTIVE AND CHILD HEALTH PROGRAM (RCH-PROGRAM)
  - Historical Background
  - Objectives
  - Interventions/Strategies of RCH Program
  - Maternal Health (Safe Motherhood)
  - Child Health (Child Survival)
  - Reproductive Health
  - Management Strategies of RCH Program
- REPRODUCTIVE AND CHILD HEALTH PROGRAM-II (RCH-II)
  - AIM
  - Goals
  - Lacunae of RCH-I
  - Objectives
- COMPONENTS OF RCH-II
  - Population Stabilization
    - Strategies
  - Maternal Health
  - Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)
  - Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakrama (JSSK)
  - Newborn Care and Child Health
    - Objectives
    - Strategies
  - Adolescent Health
  - Control of RTIs/STIs
  - Urban Health
  - Tribal Health (Vulnerable Population)
    - Strategies
    - Services
  - Monitoring and Evaluation
    - Management Information and Evaluation System (MIES)
- ALL INDIA HOSPITAL POSTPARTUM PROGRAM
  - Objectives
  - Rationale
- NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROGRAM
- MINIMUM NEEDS PROGRAM
  - Components of the MNP
  - Basic Principles of MNP
  - Rural Health
  - Rural Water Supply
  - Rural Electrification
- TWENTY POINT PROGRAM (20-PP)
SECTION 8: ALLIED SUBJECTS
CHAPTER 44:Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
- EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
  - Diseases due to New Agents
  - Diseases due to New Variants of Known Pathogens
    - Diseases Caused by an Infectious Agents but Resulting in Noncommunicable Diseases
- RE-EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
- CONTROL OF EMERGING AND RE-EMERGING DISEASES
CHAPTER 45:Disaster Management
- DEFINITION
- IMPACT
- CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS
  - Natural Disasters
  - Man-made Disasters
- DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
CHAPTER 46:Integrated Disease Surveillance Project: 2004-2009
- SURVEILLANCE
CHAPTER 47:Bioterrorism
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
- EVOLUTION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS
CHAPTER 48:Global Warming
- HISTORY OF GLOBAL WARMING
- HAZARDS OF GLOBAL WARMING (FIG. 48.1)
- WHO IS THE WORST POLLUTER?
- KYOTO PROTOCOL
- ACTION NEEDS TO BE TAKEN NOW
- CONTAINMENT MEASURES
CHAPTER 49:Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
- OBJECTIVES
- COMPONENTS
- PRINCIPLES
- ASSESS AND CLASSIFY THE SICK CHILD
- IDENTIFICATION OF THE TREATMENT
  - Urgent Prereferral Treatment
- COUNSEL THE MOTHER
- ANNEXURE I
- ANNEXURE II
CHAPTER 50:Telemedicine in Public Health
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- AIM OF TELEMEDICINE
- UTILITY OF TELEMEDICINE
- TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY
  - Store and Forward
  - Two-way Interactive Television
    - Infrastructures of Telemedicine Centers
    - Telecommunication Technologies
- TELEMEDICINE IN INDIA
  - Advantages of Telemedicine in India
- CURRENT EFFORTS IN INDIA
  - TEN Commandments for Success of Telemedicine
    - Challenges
CHAPTER 51:Tobacco and Health
- HISTORY
- PREVALENCE OF SMOKING
- PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE
- TYPES OF TOBACCO
- COMPOSITION OF SMOKE
  - Health Hazards of Tobacco
- HEALTH BENEFITS OF SMOKING
- NATIONAL TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAM (NTCP)
CHAPTER 52:Public Health Acts
- THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1986
- REGISTRATION OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS ACT, 1969
  - Limitations in Registration
  - Recommendations for the Improvement
Annexure
- SOME STALWARTS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO COMMUNITY MEDICINE
- EDWARD JENNER (1749-1823)
- SIR EDWIN CHADWICK (1800-1890)
- LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895)
- JOSEPH LISTER (1827-1912)
- ROBERT KOCH (1843-1910)
- RONALD ROSS (1857-1932)
- CALENDAR OF IMPORTANT DATES AND EVENTS
- LIST OF WORLD BREASTFEEDING WEEK THEMES SINCE 1992
- LIST OF WORLD HEALTH DAY THEMES
- GOALS TO BE ACHIEVED BY 2000-2015
- MILESTONES IN VACCINATION

INDEX

TOC
Index

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Chapter Notes