SHIVLAL M RAWLANI BDS MDS (Oral Medicine and Radiology)
Associate Professor and Head Department of Dentistry Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
Co-author SHOBHA S RAWLANI MBBS MS (Anatomy)
Professor and Head Department of Anatomy Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Memorial Medical College Amravati, Maharashtra, India
Forewords VEDPRAKASH MISHRA
P NARANG
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Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Techniques
First Edition: 2014
9789350908464
Printed at
5Dedicated to
Our Beloved Parents
Mihomal H Rawlani
Smt Krishnabai M Rawlani
and
Our Children
Sudhir Rawlani
Sujata Rawlani
7Foreword
The initiative and the effort diligently articulated by Dr Shivlal M Rawlani, an Ex-Senior Faculty Member in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India, a constituent unit of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Nagpur, Maharashtra in bringing out a book titled Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Techniques is exemplary at one end and genuinely praiseworthy at the other.
It is indeed an effort to compile all the relevant intellectual inputs on a significantly vital area and render them in such a free flowing manner, so that it is easy to understand, decipher, and assimilate by the learner, teacher, a professional and otherwise a reader as well.
This has been singularly achieved by the author by virtue of his writings, which are in easy textual format and are appropriately syntaxed, so as to render the desired grasp and sought after understanding of the subject in a handy but yet in an immaculate manner, which turns out to be the unique feature of this authorship, which makes it look and feel different from the other available reading material on the subject as of now.
It is, indeed, a fact that maxillofacial region is not only anatomically complex region of the human body, in as much as it has several elements and organs from the different systems that get affected by several pathological processes. The anatomical complexity makes it all the more difficult to diagnose the affecting pathologies exclusively on the basis of clinical skills. It is for this very reason, the aiding diagnostic tools turn out to be of huge significance and relevance of which ‘Diagnostic Imaging’ has earned a central place in evaluation of this region. Radiography per se has turned out to be one of the most significant diagnostic tools over a period of time, and now it is in routine usage for more than one reason if relevant.
It is an evident reality that for a very long time, the radiography film was the long and yet a very pertinent modality in the domain of diagnostic imaging. But the advent of technology at a very rapid pace in the context of electronic era has made a sea change, whereby several specialized techniques and instrumentations stand incorporated in the operational arena, which has now made it multifaceted.
The author has brought out all the imaging techniques in usage in a very deserving, appropriate, and chronologically lucid manner. The chapters' sequence vividly brings out the continuum from conventional radiography of yesteryears to the present-day magnetic imaging techniques with 8due incorporation of tomogrophy, computed tomography, sialography, sialoscopy, arthrography, arthroscopy, temporomandibular junction (TMJ) imaging, subtraction radiography, radiovisiography, implant radiology, teleradiography, photostimulable phosphor radiography collectively grouped under the ionizing imaging techniques and digital radiography, and ultrasonography as nonionizing imaging techniques in between.
Each of the radioimaging techniques has been dealt with in all the need-based relevant details that include description of the technique, their indications, contraindications, advantages, and limitations as well. As a matter of fact, the extent of coverage worked out by the author is indeed very vast but has been so well capsulated that it makes it poignantly a very interesting reading and learning material, as well.
I am sure that this elegant piece of scientific literature embodied in the book format by the author will make every user feel that he/she could avail all that he/she desired, needed, and expected out of it. I have no hesitation in putting on record my appreciation for the effort undertaken by the author in terms of a loud statement that he has generated a ‘satiety center’ for quenching the inquisitional thirst' in the domain of radioimaging techniques in dentistry.
Vedprakash Mishra md
Pro-Chancellor
Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences
(Deemed University)
Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
9Foreword
Roentgen Wilhelm Conard was experimenting with the conduction of electricity in a vacuum tube when he noticed a strange fluorescence on a barium screen lying nearby. Further experiments indicated that the fluorescence was created by some invisible rays from the tube. These rays could also pass through substances that ordinary light could not penetrate and they could also affect the photographic film. Roentgen named these rays as X-rays, and they are also often called after the name of the discoverer. This occurred in 1895, and Roentgen received the world's first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.
Roentgen even in his remotest dream could not have ever imagined the revolution that his discovery was likely to bring about in the next hundred years not only in its fundamental application of physics but also in medical science. If any discovery has actually promoted the path of disease diagnosis in medicine by affecting the majority patients, it is the discovery of X-rays. Today, the explosive knowledge accumulated over the years has become so intricate and technically complex that it is almost beyond complete comprehension. Conventional radiography has given way to more sensitive modalities, such as the sonography, tomography, and electromagnetic radiography. These advances have also paved the way for intervention radiology, and unlike the statement made by Abraham Verghese quoted above; the radiologists are also now getting a chance to talk to the patients. However, there is a need to present these complexities in a more simple and comprehendible manner particularly for the uninitiated students. The authors, by bringing out this book have addressed these complexities in a simple intelligent manner without compromising with the essence and accuracy. They have stuck to their belief that any radiologists, whether in dentistry or in medicine, can only be good in interpreting the images if he/she understands the fundamental physics and basic principles of the equipment that he/she is using. Moreover, the 10basic principle of any diagnostic laboratory or unit is that the medical person venturing to interpret the results must first himself be a good technician. A medical radiologist must, along with other things, have full knowledge of technical details, such as positioning of the patient, amount and time of exposure, developing of films, nature of the dyes and contrasts used, and then only will he/she be able to photograph the correct target site. With the advent of nuclear medicine, radiology has entered into yet another arena of diagnosis giving the relevant definitions and the uses of positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and other techniques. The very fact that the authors have restricted to a small portion, i.e. maxillofacial imaging, is in itself an indicator that radioimaging and interpretation of every part has become a science in itself. Writing a story book or a novel depends on author's ability to imagine and fantasize. Authoring a technical and a professional volume requires knowledge, experience, and expertise.
Dr Shivlal M Rawlani with his vast experience as a teacher and community worker, along with Dr Shobha S Rawlani, has understood the difficulties of the budding radiologists and has, therefore, brought out this book that would be useful not only to students of dentistry but also to aspiring radiologists in medical schools.
The book is clinically relevant and practical to use. The chapters are straightforward, well illustrated, and the basics have been simplified, making the text easily understandable. I am sure that every individual who reads the book would like to possess it.
P Narang md
Dr BC Roy Awardee
Secretary
Kasturba Health Society
Director Professor
Department of Microbiology
Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences
Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
11Preface
The book provides the basic knowledge of oral and maxillofacial imaging techniques used in dentistry, which is important for every student of dental and medical faculty and also preparing for entrance examination. The student undergoing postgraduation in Oral Medicine and Radiology, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery will also find this book very beneficial.
In this book, attempt has been made to introduce most of imaging techniques being used in dentistry under one platform in simple language, which include brief history, clinical implication, indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, and complications of every technique.
As this is the first edition of the book, there may be few mistakes/errors in text, we will be very thankful to the teachers and the students for sending suggestions and drawing attention towards the errors.
Shivlal M Rawlani
Shobha S Rawlani
13Acknowledgments
I would like to thank:
- My guide and mentor Dr Mukta B Motwani, Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, VSPM Dental College, Nagpur, for his encouragement and moral support
- Dr Shirish Degwekar, Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sarad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, for his strong encouragement and guidance
- Dr Rahul Bhowate, Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sarad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, for his valuable suggestions and support
- Dr Rajiv Borle, Registrar, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), for his strong encouragement and guidance
- Dr Ashok Pakhan, Dean, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi, Wardha, for his valuable suggestions and cooperation
- Mr Dirubhai Mehta, President, Kasturba Health Society, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, for his valuable suggestions and cooperation
- Dr P Narang, Secretary, Kasturba Health Society, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, for her appreciable suggestions
- Dr BS Garge, Dean, Kasturba Health Society, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, for his valuable suggestions and cooperation
- Dr Panjab Wanjari, Dean, Modern Dental College, Indore, for his valuable suggestions and cooperation
- Dr Zade, Dean, Chhattisgarh Dental College and Research Center, Rajnandgaon, for his valuable suggestions and cooperation
- Dr Lokwani, Vice Chancellor, Madhya Pradesh Health University, for his strong encouragement and guidance
- Dr Krishnmohan, Dean, Sibar Dental Institute and Research Center, Guntur, for his valuable suggestions and advice
- Dr Atul Tayde, Professor and Head, Department of Radiology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, for his valuable suggestions and cooperation
- Dr Shyam Chaudhari, for his support and encouragement
- Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director)and Mr Tarun Duneja (Director-Publishing) of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for accepting my project and publishing the book
- My special thanks to my dear friends and colleagues, Dr Atul Indurkar, Dr Anil Ghom, Dr Ranjit Patil, Dr Sathwane, Dr Modi, Dr Vinod Patni, Dr Umargi, Dr Dinkar, Dr Bhashkar Patle, Dr Pankaj Banode, Dr Kailash Singhaniya, Dr Ranjit Kamble, Dr Baloor, Dr BK Motwani, Dr Bhongade, Dr Niranjan Naidu, Dr Dhirwani, Dr Vidhya Lohe, Dr Suwarna Dangore, Dr Arti Panchbhai, Dr Ravi Raj, Dr Sarat Gumdupu, Dr Bollanagesh, Dr Ravi Kiran, Dr Sunita Puranic, Dr Deepak Samdhani, Dr Gadhewar, Dr Rajesh Gondhrekar, Dr Adwani, Dr Nita Mishra, Dr Mobin, and Dr Ramnic
- My special thanks to Dr Sunil Mishra and our artist Mr Satish Shingare, for their kind support
- My heartfelt thanks to my wife Dr Shobha S Rawlani, my son Sudhir, and my daughter Sujata whose valuable support has made possible to complete the book. I am also thankful to my dearest Dr Rakhi Chandak, Dr Manoj Chandak, Dr Bharti Adwani, and Dr Sangita Wadhwan
- I am immensely thankful to Dr Rucha Atmaramani and my daughter Dr Sujata Rawlani, for their valuable help in composing and editing the material for this book.
Shivlal M Rawlani