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Otology an Overview
Prasad T Deshmukh, Ansu Sam
CHAPTER 1:
Anatomy of the Ear
DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY
External Ear
External Auditory Canal (EAC)
Middle Ear
Ossicles and Muscles
Development of Tympanomastoid Compartment
Inner Ear
ANATOMY OF THE EAR
External Ear
Auricle or Pinna
External Auditory Canal
Middle Ear (Tympanic Cavity)
Epitympanum
Protympanum
Mesotympanum
Posterior Tympanum
Hypotympanum
Walls of Middle Ear
Medial Wall
Lateral Wall
Petrotympanic Fissure and Canal of Hugier
Anterior Wall
Posterior Wall (Fig. 1.13)
Roof
Floor
Contents of Middle Ear
Ossicles
Muscles
Mucous Membrane
Prussak's Space
Eustachian Tube
Mastoid Air Cell System
Blood Supply (Middle Ear)
Nerve Supply to Middle Ear
Course of Chorda Tympani
Inner Ear Anatomy
Bony Labyrinth
Vestibule
Semicircular Canal (SCC)
Cochlea
Membranous Labyrinth
Cochlear Duct
The Vestibular Labyrinth
Semicircular Ducts
Endolymphatic Duct and Sac
Blood Supply of Labyrinth
Innervation of Inner Ear
Vestibular Nerve
CHAPTER 2:
Physiology of the Ear
PHYSIOLOGY OF HEARING
External and Middle Ear Transformer Mechanism
Air Conduction
Bone Conduction
Conduction in Diseased Middle Ear
Perceptive Apparatus Cochlea
Fluids in Cochlea
Endolymph
Perilymph
Cortilymph
Cochlear Sensory Apparatus and Organ of Corti
Inner and Outer Hair Cells (Fig. 2.6)
Pathological State of Outer and Inner Hair Cells
Mechanical Travelling Wave
Mechanical Transduction
Sequence of Events
Responses of Auditory Nerve Fibers
Electrical Responses of Cochlea
Central Auditory Pathways
Relay Stations from the Cochlear Nucleus
PHYSIOLOGY OF BALANCE
CHAPTER 3:
Diseases of the External Ear
CONGENITAL LESIONS OF PINNA
TRAUMATIC
INFLAMMATORY
Infective
Bacterial
Fungal Infection
Viral Infections
Type I: Herpes Auricularis
Type II: Herpes Auricularis with Facial Palsy
Type III: Herpes Auricularis with Facial Palsy and Auditory Symptoms
Other Rare Types of Otitis Externa
Reactive Otitis Media
NEOPLASM
Cysts
Dermoid Cyst
Sebaceous Cyst
Implantation or Incisional Cyst
Common Benign Tumors
Malignant Tumors
Predisposing Factors
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
MISCELLANEOUS
CHAPTER 4:
Acute Suppurative Otitis Media
CHAPTER 5:
Secretory Otitis Media
CHAPTER 6:
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA (Atticoantral or Squamous Type)
CHAPTER 7:
Complications of the Otitis Media
INTRACRANIAL COMPLICATIONS
Extradural Abscess
Pathology
Presentation
Clinical Features
Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Subdural Abscess
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Lateral Sinus Thrombophlebitis
Organisms
Clinical Picture
Investigations
Treatment
Normal Sinus
Abnormal Sinus
Meningitis
Types
Routes
Common Organisms
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Brain Abscess
Routes of Infection
Stages
Symptoms
Investigations
Differential Diagnosis
Otitic Hydrocephalus
Clinical Features
Investigations
Treatment
INTRATEMPORAL (EXTRACRANIAL) COMPLICATIONS
Petrositis
Pathophysiology
Symptoms/Presentation
Investigations
Treatment
Chronic Petrositis
Facial Palsy
Acute Otitis Media and Facial Palsy (Fig. 7.10)
Treatment
Chronic Otitis Media and Facial Palsy
Investigations
Treatment
Labyrinthitis
Types and Classification of Labyrinthitis
Routes of Infection
Serous or Toxic Labyrinthitis
Purulent Labyrinthitis
Clinical Features
Investigations
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Treatment of Ear Infection
Labyrinthine Fistula
Classification
Salient Features
Treatment
Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea
Causes
Clinical Feature
Treatment
CHAPTER 8:
Facial Nerve Paralysis
CHAPTER 9:
Vertigo
CHAPTER 10:
Deafness
Suggested Reading
ANNEXURE:
Numerical Nuances in Otology
INDEX
TOC
Index
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