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Anesthesiology Updates for Postgraduates Sampa Dutta Gupta

1: SPECIAL TOPICS
1:Development of General Anesthesia
- INTRODUCTION
- TENTH CENTURY DOWNWARDS UP TO EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
- NINETEENTH CENTURY
- CHLOROFORM
- ANESTHETIC MACHINE
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2:Pediatric Anesthesia: An Overview
- INTRODUCTION
  - Problems of Anesthesia in Neonates
  - Preoperative Assessment
- FASTING GUIDELINES
  - Anesthetic Technique
- REVERSAL CRITERIA
  - Monitoring
- OPD ANESTHESIA
- ANESTHETIC DRUGS
- SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
- CONCLUSION
3:Neurosurgical Anesthesia: An Overview
- WHAT MAKES NEUROANESTHESIA DIFFERENT?
- BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
- CLINICAL NEUROANESTHESIA
- PREANESTHETIC EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION
- BASIC PRINCIPLES
  - Induction of Anesthesia
  - Maintenance of Anesthesia
- MANAGEMENT OF INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
- RECENT ADVANCES IN NEUROSURGERY
- SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
4:Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology
- RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY WITH ANESTHETIC IMPLICATIONS
- CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY WITH ANESTHETIC IMPLICATIONS
5:Role of Anesthesiologist in Pain Management in the Preoperative Period
- ADVERSE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
- UNIDIMENSIONAL TOOLS
- FUNCTIONAL MEASUREMENT OF ACUTE PAIN
  - Outcome Measures of Pain
    - Pain:
  - Emotional Functioning
- PAIN ASSESSMENT IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION
- PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCK
  - Techniques
    - Adjuvant Drugs
  - Catheter versus Single-shot Techniques
    - Upper Extremity
    - Lower Extremity
- LEVEL OF ADMINISTRATION—THORACIC VS LUMBAR
- NONSELECTIVE NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (nsNSAIDs)
- MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE PAIN
6:How to Write a Thesis?
- INTRODUCTION
- WHAT IS THESIS?
  - Essential Parts of a Thesis
- HOW TO WRITE THE INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND?
- HOW TO WRITE AIMS?
- HOW TO WRITE A REVIEW OF LITERATURE?
- HOW TO WRITE METHOD SECTION?
- HOW TO WRITE RESULTS?
  - Tables
  - Figures
- HOW TO WRITE DISCUSSION?
- HOW TO WRITE CONCLUSION?
- HOW TO WRITE THE REFERENCE OR BIBLIOGRAPHY SECTION?
  - Author-Date System
  - Citation Order System
- APPENDICES
  - General Points to be Followed while Writing the Thesis
  - Points to be Remembered while Revising the Thesis
    - Checklist for Revision
- SOME IMPORTANT LANGUAGE POINTS
7:Renal Physiology and Anesthetic Implications: An Overview
- ANATOMY OF THE KIDNEY
- FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY
- RENAL CIRCULATION
- RENAL BLOOD FLOW
- GLOMERULUS AND ITS FUNCTION
- TUBULAR FUNCTION
- REGULATION OF GLOMERULAR BLOOD FLOW
  - Autoregulation
- FORMATION OF URINE
- PROXIMAL TUBULE AND PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES
- LOOP OF HENLE AND VASA RECTA
  - Counter Current Multiplication
  - Counter Current Exchange
- DISTAL TUBULE AND COLLECTING DUCTS
- PERIOPERATIVE RENAL FUNCTION AND ANESTHETIC IMPLICATIONS
- DIRECT ANESTHETIC EFFECTS ON RENAL FUNCTION
- DIRECT SURGICAL EFFECTS ON RENAL FUNCTION
- NEPHROTOXIC INSULTS IN THE PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD
- CONCLUSION
8:Anesthetic Considerations in Pregnant Patients with Cardiac Disease
- INTRODUCTION
- VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
- MITRAL STENOSIS
- MITRAL REGURGITATION
- AORTIC STENOSIS
- AORTIC REGURGITATION
- CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
  - Left-to-Right Shunts
  - Tetralogy of Fallot
- EISENMENGER'S SYNDROME
- COARCTATION OF THE AORTA
  - Prior Prosthetic Valve Surgery
- INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
9:Anesthetic Considerations for Liver Transplantation
10:Preanesthetic Evaluation
- APPROACH TO A PATIENT IN PREANESTHETIC CLINIC
  - History Taking
  - Physical Examinations
- COAGULATION DISORDERS
- PREOPERATIVE INVESTIGATIONS
- ASSESSMENT OF A CHILD BEFORE ELECTIVE SURGERY
  - Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
  - Prematurity
- RISK STRATIFICATION
  - American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification (Table 5)
11:Legal Aspects of Anesthesia: Knowledge of Postgraduates in Anesthesiology
- LEGAL MASTER-SERVANT RELATIONSHIP
- STANDARDS OF CARE
- EXPERT WITNESS
- HOW TO AVOID A LAWSUIT?
- IF A TRIAL IS TO OCCUR?
- GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS
- VEXATIOUS COMPLAINTS
- PREVENTION
- CONCLUSION
2: LONG CASES
12:Mitral Stenosis during MD (Anesthesiology) Examination
13:Anemia in Pregnancy
- CASE SUMMARY
14:Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Permanent Pacemaker/Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device
- ESTABLISHING WHETHER PATIENT HAS A CIED (MUST KNOW)
- BASICS OF PACEMAKER AND CIED
- PREOPERATIVE AND INTRAOPERATIVE DEVICE FUNCTIONING (MUST KNOW)
- POSTOPERATIVE CARE AND INSTRUCTIONS
  - Specific Clinical Scenarios
15:Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Chronic Renal Failure Posted for Elective Surgery
- PHARMACOLOGY1
- CONCLUSIONS
16:A Patient with Surgical Jaundice to Undergo Anesthesia for Laparotomy
- HISTORY
- SOCIAL HISTORY
17:Diabetes Mellitus: Anesthetic Considerations
18:A Patient with Lung Cyst Posted for Pneumonectomy
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CYSTS AND BULLAE
- MANAGEMENT OF ONE LUNG VENTILATION
  - Initiating OLV
  - Hypoxia
- TECHNIQUE AND STEPS OF ANESTHESIA
- STRATEGIES FOR POSTOPERATIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATION
19:Thyroid Swelling
- CASE SUMMARY
  - Personal History
    - On Examination
    - Examination of the Neck
- PALPATION
  - Special Examination: Eye Signs
  - Examination
    - General Examination
    - Local Examinations
20:Abdominal Sepsis with Septic Shock, Posted for Exploratory Laparotomy for Source Control: An Approach
- CASE
21:Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Syndrome in Patient with Hypertension and Ischemic Heart Disease
22:A 65-Year-Old Male Hypertensive Patient Posted for Elective Herniorrhaphy
- HYPERTENSION
  - Classification of Hypertension for Adults
  - Other Causes of Secondary Hypertension (Table 1)
- DRUGS FOR COMPELLING INDICATION
23:Renal Transplant Anesthesia
- CASE SUMMARY
- CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- HEMATOLOGICAL SYSTEM
  - Management
- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- ELECTROLYTES AND ACID BASE STATUS
- ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
- COAGULATION
- CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
- DERMATOLOGICAL
- PROBLEMS OF DIALYSIS
- OPIOIDS
- MUSCLE RELAXANTS
- NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS
  - Volatile Anesthetic
  - Anticholinesterase Drugs
- DRUGS MODIFICATIONS
  - Intraoperative Management
  - Goal
24:Hypertensive Diseases in Pregnancy
- CASE SUMMARY
25:A Patient Suffering from Ischemic Heart Disease, have an Intracoronary Stent, on Beta Blockers, Calcium Channel Blocker and Statin Therapy, Posted for Elective Abdominal Surgery
- CASE
26:Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Airway Disorder Posted for Upper Abdominal Elective Surgery
- FEW ALGORITHM RELATED TO THE MANAGEMENT
  - Long-term Oxygen Therapy
3: SHORT CASES
27:Hydrocephalus
- CAUSES OF HYDROCEPHALUS
- PATHOGENESIS
- SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  - Newborns and Infants
  - Older Children and Adults
- TREATMENT
  - Medical Therapy
- ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT
- POSTOPERATIVE CARE
28:Cleft Lip/Palate
29:Role of Anesthesiologist in Acute Burn
30:Postburn Contractures: Neck and Extremity
31:Meningocele and Meningomyelocele
32:Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Tetralogy of Fallot
33:Patent Ductus Arteriosus
34:Anesthetic Management of a Diabetic Patient Posted for Emergency Laparotomy
4: MISCELLANEOUS
35:Inhaled Anesthetics
- HALOTHANE
  - Metabolism
    - Effects on Various Systems
- ISOFLURANE
  - Sevoflurane
    - Effects on Various Systems
  - Desflurane
    - Effects on Various Systems
- OTHER DRUGS RELATED TO ANESTHESIA
36:Intravenous Fluids: Crystalloids and Colloids
- GENERAL CONSIDERATION OF INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS
- 5% DEXTROSE SOLUTION
  - Type of Fluid
- 10% DEXTROSE SOLUTION
  - Type of Fluid
- NORMAL SALINE (NS) SOLUTION
- DEXTROSE NORMAL SALINE (DNS) SOLUTION
  - Type of Fluid
- RINGER LACTATE SOLUTION
- PEDIATRIC ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION (ISOLYTE P) MULTIELECTROLYTE SOLUTION IN 5% DEXTROSE
- GELATIN SOLUTION (HAEMACCEL)
- DEXTRAN 40 AND DEXTRAN 70
- HYDROXY ETHYL STARCH (HES)
- HUMAN ALBUMIN
37:Surgical Airway
- DEFINITION
- INDICATIONS OF SURGICAL AIRWAYS
  - Anatomical Considerations
- TECHNIQUES
  - Surgical Cricothyrotomy
    - Rapid Four Step Technique
- PERCUTANEOUS CRICOTHYROTOMY
- PERCUTANEOUS TRACHEOSTOMY
  - Technique
  - Contraindications
    - Absolute
    - Relative
- CRICOTHYROTOMY
  - Complications
    - Early
    - Late
  - Tracheostomy
- CONCLUSION
38:How to Prepare Chest X-rays for MD/DA/DNB Examinations?
- OBJECTIVES
- LATERAL POSITIONING
- POSITIONING
39:How to Prepare ECG for Examination of Postgraduate Students of Anesthesiology?
- NORMAL ECG AND THE 12-LEAD SYSTEM
- BASIC ECG WAVEFORM
- DETERMINATION OF THE ELECTRICAL AXIS
- NORMAL RHYTHM OF THE HEART
  - Cardiac Dysrrhythmias
  - Factors
- MECHANISM OF GENESIS OF DYSRRHYTHMIA
- EINTHOVEN'S TRIANGLE HYPOTHESIS (FIG. 35)
  - Lead System
- NORMAL APPEARANCE IN PERICARDIAL LEADS
- ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART
- DIGOXIN
- DIGOXIN TOXICITY
- ICD THERAPY
40:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Guidelines—the Science Behind Applications: What We Need to Know?
41:Neonatal Resuscitation
- STEPS OF RESUSCITATION
42:Vaporizers
- SALIENT FEATURES OF SOME VAPORIZERS

INDEX

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Chapter Notes