Vol. 3
Editors Anil K Lalwani MD
Professor and Vice-Chair for Research Director, Division of Otology, Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery Director, Columbia Cochlear Implant Center Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, NY, USA
Markus HF Pfister MD MBA
Associate Professor of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Affiliated with Klinik St Anna, Lucerne, Hirslanden Group HNO Sarnen, Switzerland Kantonsspital Obwalden Swissana Clinic, Meggen, Switzerland
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
Headquarters
- Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd4838/24, Ansari Road, DaryaganjNew Delhi 110 002, IndiaPhone: +91-11-43574357Fax: +91-11-43574314Email: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com
Overseas Offices
- J.P. Medical Ltd83, Victoria Street, LondonSW1H 0HW (UK)Phone: +44-2031708910Fax: +02-03-0086180Email: info@jpmedpub.com
- Jaypee BrothersMedical Publishers (P) Ltd17/1-B Babar Road, Block-BShaymali, MohammadpurDhaka-1207, BangladeshMobile: +08801912003485Email: jaypeedhaka@gmail.com
- Jaypee-Highlights.Medical Publishers IncCity of Knowledge, Bld. 237Clayton, Panama City, PanamaPhone: +1 507-301-0496Fax: +1 507-301-0499Email: cservice@jphmedical.com
- Jaypee BrothersMedical Publishers (P) LtdShorakhute, KathmanduNepalPhone: +00977-9841528578Email: jaypee.nepal@gmail.com
- Jaypee Medical Inc.The Bourse111 South Independence Mall EastSuite 835, Philadelphia,PA 19106, USAPhone: +1 267-519-9789Email: jpmed.us@gmail.com
Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com
Website: www.jaypeedigital.com
© 2014, Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub lishers
The views and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the original contributor(s)/author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of editor(s) of the book.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers.
All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book.
This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought.
Every effort has been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com
Recent Advances in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery
First Edition: 2014
9789351521457
Printed at:
5Dedicated to
My parents, Madan and Gulab Lalwani; my in-laws, Rikhab and Ratan Bhansali; my children; Nikita and Sahil; and, most specially to my wife, Renu Bhansali Lalwani, a wonderful partner, friend, mother, community activist, and the smartest internist I know!
This book is also dedicated to Bruce A Rosenfield and the Zausmer Foundation for their commitment to supporting research in Otolaryngology that make advances possible – the focus of this book.
Anil K Lalwani
My parents—Ingeborg and Hermann Pfister; my uncle and aunt—Alfred and Isolde Demmler and most specially to my beloved Doris, a wonderful partner and my center of inspiration.
Markus HF Pfister
6International Editorial Board
- Head and Neck
- William I Wei MDHong Kong, China
- Patrick J Gullane MDToronto, Canada
- Anil K D’Cruz MDMumbai, India
- Ashok Shaha MDNew York, USA
- Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery
- Fazil Ap adyin MDIzmir, Turkey
- Pietro Palma MDMilan, Italy
- Peter Lohuis MDAmsterdam, Netherlands
- Holger G Gassner MDRegensburg, Germany
- Abel-Jan Tasman MDSt Gallen, Switzerland
- Pediatric Otolaryngology
- Marci Lesp erance MDAnn Arbor, USA
- Anne Pitkaranta MDHelsinki, Finland
- Thomas P Nikolopoulos MDAthens, Greece
- Sanjay Parikh MDSeattle, USA
- Otology & Neurotology
- Robert VincentBéziers, France
- Masafu mi Sakagami MDNishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Chong Sun Kim MDSeoul, South Korea
- Ramesh C Deka MDNew Delhi, India
- Maurizio Barbara MDRome, Italy
- Jussi Jero MDHelsinki, Finland
- Abdulrahman Hagr MDRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Rhinology
- Manuel Bernal-Sprekelsen MDBarcelona, Spain
- Paolo Castelnuovo MDVarese, Italy
- Antje Welge-Luessen MDBasel, Switzerland
- Tim Smith MDPortland, USA
- T Metin Onerci MDAnkara, Turkey
- Laryngology
- Albert L Merati MDSeattle, USA
- Mark Courey MDSan Francisco, USA
- Robert H Ossoff MDNashville, USA
- Sibylle Brosch MDUlm, Germany
- Francine Blei MD MBA
- Medical DirectorVascular Birthmark Institute of New YorkRoosevelt HospitalNew York, NY, USA
- Dietmar Basta PhD
- Department of Otolaryngology at UKBHospital of the University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Ingo Baumann MD
- Medical DoctorProfessor of OtorhinolaryngologyDepartment of OtolaryngologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- Divya Chari BS
- Columbia UniversityCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsFort Washington AvenueHarkness PavilionNew York, NY, USA
- Edgar Mauricio López-Chacón MD
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryHospital ClinicVillarroel, Barcelona, Spain
- Maura K Cosetti MD
- Assistant ProfessorLouisiana State UniversityHealth Sciences CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Aliza P Cohen MA
- Medical WriterDepartment of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineDivision of Pediatric Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryCincinnati Children'sHospital Medical CenterBurnet AvenueCincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Robin T Cotton MD
- ProfessorDepartment of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineDivision of Pediatric Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryCincinnati Children's HospitalMedical Center, Burnet AvenueCincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Hardik K Doshi MD
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyNew York -Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia & Weill CornellOtolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryWashington Avenue, USA
- Arnaud Devèze MD PhD
- Associate ProfessorUniversity Hospital Nord, Marseille, France
- Timothy R DeKlotz MD
- Clinical InstructorDepartment of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineFellow, Center for Cranial Base SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterThe Eye & Ear Institute, SuitePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Marchioni Daniele MD
- Policlinico di ModenaENT DepartmentUniversity of ModenaModena, Italy
- Arne Ernst MD PhD
- Associate ProfessorDepartment of Otolaryngology at UKBHospital of the University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Albrecht Eiber PhD
- Institute of Engineering andComputational MechanicsUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring, Stuttgart, Germany
- David E Eibling MD FACS
- Professor of Otolaryngology–HNSUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineSurgical Service, VA PittsburghUniversity DrivePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John C Flickinger MD
- Professor, Radiation OncologyUniversity of PittsburgPennsylvania, USA
- Ascanio Guarini
- Swarthmore CollegeCollege Avenue SwarthmorePennsylvania, USA
- Nicolas Gürtler MD
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyUniversity Hospital BaselPetersgraben, Basel, Switzerland
- Jennifer R Grandis MD
- Vice-Chair for ResearchUPMC Endowed Chair in Head and NeckCancer Surgical ResearchDepartment of OtolaryngologyAssistant Vice Chancellor for ResearchProgram Integation in the Health SciencesDistinguished Professor ofOtolaryngology & PharmacologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineProgram Leader, Head & Neck Cancer ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Cancer InstituteAmerican Cancer Society Clinical ResearchProfessorUniversity of PittsburghEye and Ear Institute, SuitePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Catherine K Hart MD
- Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineDivision of Pediatric Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryCincinnati Children's HospitalMedical Center, Burnet AvenueCincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Hideyuki Kano
- Research Assistant Professor of NeurologicalSurgery, University of PittsburghUPMC-Presbyterian, Lothrop StreetUPMC Presbyterian PittsburghPennsylvania, USA
- Karen M Kost MD FRCS(C)
- Associate Professor of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryMcGill University, MontrealDirector of the Voice and Dysphagia CenterMcGill UniversityMontreal, Quebec, Canada
- Anil K Lalwani MD
- Professor and Vice-Chair for ResearchDirector, Division of Otology, Neurotology and Skull Base SurgeryDirector, Columbia Cochlear Implant CenterColumbia UniversityCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York, NY, USA
- Rainer Laskawi MD
- Professor of OtorhinolaryngologyENT Department, Medical SchoolUniversity of GöttingenNiedersachsen, Germany
- L Dade Lunsford MD FACS
- Professor of Neurological SurgeryDistinguished ProfessorUniversity of PittsburghPennsylvania, USA
- Stefan Mlot MD
- Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian HospitalNew York, NY, USA
- Edward Monaco III MD PhD
- Assistant Professor of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghUPMC-Presbyterian, Lothrop StreetUPMC Presbyterian PittsburghPennsylvania, USA
- Ajay Niranjan MD MBA
- Associate Professor of NeurosurgeryUniversity of PittsburghDirector, UPMC Brain Mapping CenterDirector of Radiosurgery ResearchCenter of Image-Guided NeurosurgeryPennsylvania, USA
- Laura Oleaga PhD MD
- Medical DirectorRadiologist, Department of RadiologyHospital ClinicVillarroel, Barcelona, Spain
- Markus HF Pfister MD MBA
- Associate Professor of Otolaryngology &Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated with Klinik St Anna, LucerneHirslanden GroupHNO Sarnen, SwitzerlandKantonsspital ObwaldenSwissana Clinic, Meggen, Switzerland
- Livio Presutti MD
- Director of ENT DepartmentPoliclinico di ModenaUniversity Hospital, Modena, Italy
- Saskia Rohrbach MD
- Registrar, Doctor for ENT andPhoniatrics and PedaudiologyDepartment of Phoniatrics andPedaudiology, Augustenburger Platz 1Berlin, Germany
- Benno Röthlisberger
- Cantonal Hospital AarauCenter of Laboratory MedicineAarau, Switzerland
- Rahmatullah Rahmati MD
- Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryColumbia University Medical CenterWashington Aven ue, New York, NY, USA
- Manuel Bernal-Sprekelsen PhD MD
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryHospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Carl H Snyderman MD MBA
- Professor, Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineCo-Director, Center for Cranial Base SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterThe Eye & Ear Institute, SuitePittsburgh, Penns ylvania, USA
- Peter A Tass MD PhD
- Director, Institute of Neuroscience andMedicine (INM-7)Neuromodulation Research CenterJülich, GermanyDepartment of NeuromodulationUniversity of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyClinic for Stereotactic andFunctional NeurosurgeryUniversity of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Timea Tóth MD PhD
- Institute of Neuroscience and MedicineNeuromodulation Research CenterJülich, Germany
- Muaaz Tarabichi MD
- American Hospital DubaiDubai, UAE
- Jan Hendrik Wagner MD
- Department Otolaryngology at UKBHospital of the University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Eric W Wang MD
- Assistant ProfessorDepartment of OtolaryngologyUniversity of PittsburghSchool of MedicineCenter for Cranial Base SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterThe Eye & Ear Institute, SuitePittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Xiao Xiao MD
- New York Medical CollegeSchool of MedicineOld Farm RoadValhalla, New York, USA
Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery is a dynamic medical and surgical specialty characterized by rapid advances in its scientific foundation and of its therapeutic armamentarium. Simultaneously, there are novel technical and technological innovations that positively impact on patient care. Consequently, Otolaryngology is constantly evolving as new knowledge comes forth and new technologies become available. Recent examples of advances in Otolaryngology include the use of robotics in treatment of sleep apnea, image guidance in sinus surgery, endoscopic repair of CSF leaks, personalized therapy for head and neck cancer, and endoscopic ear surgery, among others. The challenge for the busy clinician in the 21st century is to remain abreast of these ever-expanding body of knowledge, surgical techniques, diagnostic test, imaging technology, and prosthetics, while deeply immersed in their clinical practice. Ironically, this has become even more difficult with the explosion of technologies designed to put information at one's fingertips. This annual periodical, Recent Advances in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, covering all the subspecialties of Otolaryngology, is designed to make it easy for the clinician to keep current with what is new. Due to its rapid publication cycle, the material is current, topical, and immediately relevant to the clinician. Reviews emphasize clear artwork rendered in color to convey new concepts and surgical approaches. We have assembled an outstanding international editorial board to assist us in this exciting project. Similarly, invited authors are leaders in the field and have made seminal contributions in their topics. We hope that you will enjoy reading this 3rd Volume as much as we have enjoyed assembling it.
Anil K Lalwani
Markus HF Pfister
13Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Ms Chetna Malhotra Vohra (Senior Manager–Business Development) and Sheetal Arora (Development Editor) of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for their assistance with the 3rd volume of Recent Advances in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery.