Recent Advances in Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery (Volume 3) Anil K Lalwani, Markus HF Pfister
INDEX
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure and t refer to table.
A
Acoustic neuroma 257, 258, 260, 264, 265
Acquired subglottic stenosis 102
Active middle ear implants 153, 174f
Additional treatment of dysphagia 361
Age-related hearing loss 325
Aggressive bacterial sinusitis 20
Allergic rhinitis 356
American
Academy of
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Classification 258
Sleep Medicine 115
Geriatric Society 315
Medical Association 315
Society of Geriatric Otolaryngology 317
Amitriptyline 287
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 323
Anterior
and posterior
cartilage grafts 108
costal cartilage grafts 104
costal cartilage graft laryngotracheoplasty 106
epitympanic space 198f
ethmoid
air cells 16f
bulla 14, 16f
cell 13f
ethmoidal artery 10
graft 105
mallear ligament 196f
Anticonvulsants 286, 287
Apnex system 121
Arteriovenous malformation 76, 88
Articular surface of head of malleus 199f
Association of Directors of Geriatric Academic Programs 315
Audiological tests 260
Auditory
neuropathy spectrum disorder 125, 138
speech sound evaluation test 136
Autoimmune diseases 320, 321t
Automatic registration headset 374f
Autonomous nervous system 350t
Autosomal
dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 338
recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 338
Axial noncontrast computed tomography 14f, 15f
B
Basic fibroblast growth factor 84
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo 327
Bevacizumab 88
Bilateral vestibular loss 273
Blepharospasm 350t
Blood-oxygen-level-dependent 296
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome 86f
Body
dysmorphic disorder 54
mass index 117
Bone
anchored hearing systems 139
conduction
hearing solution 150
implants 154
Botulinum toxin
in otorhinolaryngology 350
injections 355f
Bronchoscopy 103
C
Capillary malformation 76
Carotid artery 194f, 215f, 216f, 224f
Castration resistant prostate cancer 70
Central nervous system 282
Cerebrospinal fluid 10, 28, 30f, 222, 378
Cervical
slide tracheoplasty 108, 111
vestibular evoked myogenic potentials 274
Cervicofacial lymphatic malformations 85
Chemoradiotherapy 65
Chirurgia magna 281
Cholesteatoma 199, 215
sac 202f
Cholesterol granulomas 216
Chorda tympani 202f, 210f, 211f, 219f
Chronic
rhinosinusitis 45, 46
sinusitis survey 46, 47, 49
Cochlear implant 125, 150
internal receiver 135f
speech processor 132f
Cochleariform process 196f
Cognitive behavior therapy 293, 292
Compensation of vestibular loss 271
Composite tragal cartilage 212f
Comprehensive geriatric assessment 316
Computed tomography 9, 258
Computer
aided endoscopic surgery 372
assisted surgery 371
of paranasal sinuses and skull base 371
Concha bullosa 14, 16f
Cone-beam CT systems 10
Congenital hemangioma 75
Connective tissue 323
Continuous positive airway pressure 114
Contralateral routing of sound 139
Contrast enhanced axial magnetic resonance 259f, 261f, 263f
Conventional hearing aids 150
Corda tympani 199
Coronal
computed tomographic section of temporal bone 191f
noncontrast computed tomography 12f, 16f, 17f, 18f
Corpus hippocraticum 281
Cribriform plate 10
Cricotracheal resection 104, 108
Crista ampullaris of semicircular canal 272f
Current state of hypoglossal nerve stimulation 117
Cut edge of chorda tympani 197f
Cutaneous hemangiomas 82f
D
Dehiscence
of lamina papyracea 17
syndromes 277
Dehiscent facial nerve 216f
Dementia 321t, 322
Dermatologic acquired vascular tumors 75
Dichotic sentence identification test 325
Direct acoustic cochlear stimulator 156, 166, 300
Disorders of
external ear 318
semicircular canals 277
Dorsal cochlear nucleus 291
Drug induced sleep endoscopy 116
Dysphagia 320324, 328, 353, 361
Dysphonia 318
Dystonic laryngeal movements 352
E
Elastic deformation of clip prostheses 247
Electroencephalogram 290
Electromagnetic
localization system 374
tracking system 375f
Encephalocele 34f, 35f
Endolymphatic
duct 272f
sac 272f
tumors 278
Endoscopic
ear surgery 187
open cavity management of cholesteatoma 202
repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks 23
transcanal management of
cholesteatoma 200f
limited cholesteatoma 200
Epidermal growth factor receptor 62, 63f, 6567
Epworth sleepiness scale 117
score 3
Eroded
carotid artery canal 216f
middle turn of cochlea 216f
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 70
Ethmoid sinus 377f
Eustachian tube 193f, 196f, 198f, 220f, 221f
disorders 318
Expansion surgery 105
Expiratory muscle strength training 323t, 324
Extensive
pneumatization of sphenoid sinus 18
sinonasal polyposis 378
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 109
F
Facial
movement disorders 350, 351
pain 358
recess 191
Fatigue severity scale 117
Fibrosarcoma 89
Fibrous layer of tympanic membrane 215f
Fine structure processing 126
Flash lamp pulsed dye laser 85
Flavonoids and terpenoids 286
Flexible
bronchoscopy 103
laryngoscopy 103
Floating mass transducer 156
Foramen rotundum 15
Fovea ethmoidalis 16f
Frontal cell 15
Functional
endoscopic
evaluation of swallowing 320
sinus 9
outcomes of sleep questionnaire 117
Fungal sinusitis 20
Furosemide 288
G
Gamma knife radiosurgery 257, 258, 259, 260
technique for acoustic neuromas 258
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 285
Gardner-Robertson classification 258
Gastrointestinal tract 86f
Genetics
and vascular malformations 88
in otolaryngology 332
Geniculate ganglion 221f, 224f, 225f, 227f, 229f, 230f
Geriatric
otolaryngology 313, 317
standard balance deficit test 274
Ginkgo biloba 286
Glasgow benefit inventory 46
Glioma 89
Glomeruloid hemangioma 74
Goose neck 239
G-protein-coupled receptors 63
Great petrosal nerve 221, 227f, 230f
Guillain-Barré syndrome 321t
Gustatory sweating 350, 353, 356
H
Haller cells 15
Handle of malleus 197f, 208f
Head and neck
cancer 341
paragangliomas 345
squamous cell carcinoma 6567
Hearing loss 318t
rehabilitation 150
Hemangiopericytoma 89
Hemifacial spasm 350
Hereditary
hearing impairment 332, 333
hemorrhagic telangiectasia 86f
High-flow parotid hemangioma 79f
Horizontal segment of facial nerve 197f
Human papilloma virus 61, 344
Huntington's disease 321t
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy 288
Hyperlacrimation 350t
Hypersalivation 350t
Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy 265
Hypoglossal nerve stimulation 114
Hypotympanic air cell 194f
I
Imipramine 287
Implant coupling 244
Implantable hearing aids 149
Incudomallear joint 198f
Incudostapedial joint 193f, 198f, 204f, 205f, 208f, 209f
Infantile hemangiomas 75
Infant-toddler meaningful auditory integration scale 136
Inferior part of tympanomeatal flap 213f
Injection technique 356f
Intensity modulated radiation therapy 65
Internal auditory canal 230f
Intracranial pressure 25, 28, 29, 30f
Intracutaneous botulinum toxin injections 353f
Intrathecal fluorescein 31
Intrathoracic slide tracheoplasty 109
Intratympanic
corticosteroids 284
injection of gentamicin 276
steroid 284
Intravenous vincristine 85
Ipsilateral competing message 325
J
Janus-activated kinase 68
Jugular bulb 193f
K
Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma 75
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome 75
L
Labyrinthectomy 276
Labyrinthine fistula 278
Labyrinthitis 278
Lacrimal gland applications 362
Lamina papyracea 10
Laryngeal dystonia 352
Laryngotracheoplasty 102
Lasabach-Merritt syndrome 75
Laser
assisted uvulopalatoplasty 114
therapy 88
Lateral
incudomallear ligament 194f
mallear ligament 194f
semicircular canal 196f, 199f, 211, 219f221f, 224f, 225f, 227f, 230f, 272f
vestibulospinal tract 273f
Leukemia 89
Lidocaine 285
Lingual resistance exercises 323t
Lower esophageal sphincter 362
Lumbar drainage 30f
Lymphatic malformation 76, 88
M
Magnetic
and electrical brain stimulation 297
resonance
angiography 78f
imaging 9, 19, 28, 257, 345, 372
Magnetoencephalography 298
Maintenance of hearing aids 152
Mammalian target of rapamycin 70
Management of
cerebrospinal fluid 23
cholesteatoma 207f
vascular malformations 87
Margins of meningoencephalocele 33f
Mastoiditis 278
Maxillomandibular advancement 115
McNeill dysphagia therapy program 323t
Medial
longitudinal fasciculus 273f
vestibulospinal tract 273f
Meniere's disease 276, 285, 286, 326
Microlaryngoscopy 103
Microstructure of middle ear transducer 161f
Microvenular hemangioma 75
Middle
cranial fossa 220f, 221f, 224f, 225f, 227f, 229f, 230f
ear implant 150, 159, 162f
turbinate flap 37
Mobile posturography 274
Monoclonal antibody 67
Multichannel cochlear implants 125
Multiple sclerosis 323
Muscle weakness 317t
Music therapy 304, 305
Myofibroma 89
N
Nasal
health survey 51
septum 50
Nasoseptal flap 36
Neuroblastoma 89
Neurological diseases 321t
Noninvoluting congenital hemangioma 76, 76f
Non-small cell lung cancer 70
Nonsuppurative otitis media 318t
O
Obstructive sleep apnea 1, 114, 116
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy 345
Onodi cells 16
Open endoscopic management of cholesteatoma 199
Operating room setup 189f
Optic nerve 10
Optical tracking system 375, 376f
Organ of Corti 288
Ossicular chain reconstruction 178
Osteophytes 321t
Otorhinolaryngology 350
P
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor 70
Paraganglioma 345
Parkinson's disease 321t
Parotid gland 359, 361
Pediatric cricotracheal resection 102
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy 323
Pericranial flap 37
Petrous apex 188, 211, 216f
PHACES syndrome 80f
Pittsburgh sleep quality index 117
Plastic deformation of crimp prostheses 246
Polymerase chain reaction 334
Polysomnography 114
Positive airway pressure 1
Postauricular mastoidectomy 190f
Posterior
aspect of tensor fold 197f
costal cartilage
graft 104
laryngotracheoplasty 107f
fossa 80f
graft 106
pillar 193f
semicircular canal 224f
wall of maxillary sinuses 14f
Presbycusis 324
Presbystatis 327
Pressure-release valve 30
Primary nasal symptoms 49
Problemata physica 281
Progression-free survival 64
Pterygopalatine fossa 14, 15f, 21f
Pyogenic granuloma 75
Pyramidal eminence 193f, 194, 224
Q
Quality of life
after rhinoplasty 50, 52
after septoplasty 50
R
Radiosurgery
for larger tumors 264
technique 258
Rapid eye movement 116
Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma 76f
Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging 296f
Recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo 277
Removal of
bone; facial recess 192f
cholesteatoma 199, 216f
stenotic segment 109f
Resection
of meningocele or encephalocele 33
surgery 108
Retrotympanum 192
Revision sinus surgery 378
Rhabdomyosarcoma 89
Rheumatoid arthritis 321t
Rhinorrhea 378
Rhinosinusitis
disability index 47
outcome measure 46
quality-of-life survey 47
Rosetti infant-toddler language scale 137
S
Sagittal noncontrast computed tomography 13f, 17f
Salivary glands 359361
Sarcoidosis 321t
Schwann cells 278
Scleroderma 321t
Sclerotherapy 88
Secondary rhinogenous symptoms 49
Semicircular canals 271
Sensorineural hearing loss 125, 159f
Septoplasty 50
Shape memory alloy prostheses 248
Sialorrhea 354
Single-sided deafness 139
Sinonasal
cerebrospinal fluid 25f, 27f
outcome test 4649
Sinus
subtympanicus 194f
tympani 193f
Sleep apnea quality of life index 117
Slide tracheoplasty 104
Sound therapy 289
Spasmodic dysphonia 350t
Sphenoethmoidal recess 13
Sphenoid
meningoencephalocele 33f
sinus 10, 13f, 377f
Spherical recess 224f, 230f
Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma 75
Spontaneous CSF leaks 25
Squamous cell carcinoma 61, 341
Standard balance deficit test 274
Stapes
capitulum 159f, 160f
footplate 216f
Staphylococcus aureus 103
Stenosis of Stensen duct 361
Stereotactic
fractionated radiotherapy 266
radiation therapy 264
Stroke 320, 321t
Sturge-Weber syndrome 87f
Styloid
eminence 194f
prominence 193f
Submandibular gland 361
Superior part of tympanomeatal flap 213f
Surgical
exposition of endolymphatic sac 276
treatment of vestibular disorders 276
Swallowing exercises 323
Systemic lupus erythematosis 321t
T
Targetoid hemangioma 75
Temporal bone fractures 278
Temporoparietal fascial flap 37
Tendon of tensor tympani 199f
Tensor tympani
canal 220f
muscle 220f, 221f
tendon 197f, 198f
Thalidomide 88
Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography 379
Tinnitus
retraining therapy 291
therapy 281
Total implantable cochlear amplifier 166, 167f
Tracheal resection 104, 108
Tracheostomy 321t
Transcanal
endoscopic anatomy of tympanic cavity 191
management of limited cholesteatoma 200
Transcranial
direct current stimulation 299
magnetic stimulation 297
Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation 300
Transducer loading assistant 172
Transoral robotic surgery 1
Traumatic CSF leaks 24
Treatment of
acute tinnitus 283
chronic tinnitus 286
hemangiomas 85
Meniere's disease 285
tinnitus 283
Trigeminal distribution facial capillary malformation 87
Trimipramine 287
Tullio's phenomenon 277
Tympanic membrane 206f, 208f, 213f, 214f
Tympanomeatal flap 212f
Typical
hemangioma 77f
infantile hemangioma 76
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor 62, 63f
U
Upper esophageal sphincter 361
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty 114
V
Vascular
endothelial growth factor 64, 67, 84
malformations 85
strip 215f
tumors 74
Vasomotor rhinitis 356
Venous malformation 76, 88
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt 29, 30
Vertical segment of facial nerve 192f
Vertiginous syndromes 318
Vestibular
causes of balance disorders 326
disorders 318
irritation 278
rehabilitation 271
schwannoma 257, 278
Vestibulospinal pathway 273f
Vidian canal 15
Visual analogue scales 51
Visual reinforcement audiometry 136
W
Wegener's granulomatosis 20
Z
Zenker's diverticulum 321, 363
×
Chapter Notes

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1Recent Advances in OTOLARYNGOLOGY Head and Neck Surgery2
3Recent Advances in OTOLARYNGOLOGY Head and Neck Surgery
Vol. 3
Editors Anil K Lalwani MD Professor and Vice-Chair for Research Director, Division of Otology, Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery Director, Columbia Cochlear Implant Center Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, NY, USA Markus HF Pfister MD MBA Associate Professor of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery Affiliated with Klinik St Anna, Lucerne, Hirslanden Group HNO Sarnen, Switzerland Kantonsspital Obwalden Swissana Clinic, Meggen, Switzerland
4
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
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© 2014, Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub lishers
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers.
All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book.
This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought.
Every effort has been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com
Recent Advances in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery
First Edition: 2014
9789351521457
Printed at:
5Dedicated to
My parents, Madan and Gulab Lalwani; my in-laws, Rikhab and Ratan Bhansali; my children; Nikita and Sahil; and, most specially to my wife, Renu Bhansali Lalwani, a wonderful partner, friend, mother, community activist, and the smartest internist I know!
This book is also dedicated to Bruce A Rosenfield and the Zausmer Foundation for their commitment to supporting research in Otolaryngology that make advances possible – the focus of this book.
Anil K Lalwani
My parents—Ingeborg and Hermann Pfister; my uncle and aunt—Alfred and Isolde Demmler and most specially to my beloved Doris, a wonderful partner and my center of inspiration.
Markus HF Pfister
6International Editorial Board 7Contributors
8
9
10
11Preface
Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery is a dynamic medical and surgical specialty characterized by rapid advances in its scientific foundation and of its therapeutic armamentarium. Simultaneously, there are novel technical and technological innovations that positively impact on patient care. Consequently, Otolaryngology is constantly evolving as new knowledge comes forth and new technologies become available. Recent examples of advances in Otolaryngology include the use of robotics in treatment of sleep apnea, image guidance in sinus surgery, endoscopic repair of CSF leaks, personalized therapy for head and neck cancer, and endoscopic ear surgery, among others. The challenge for the busy clinician in the 21st century is to remain abreast of these ever-expanding body of knowledge, surgical techniques, diagnostic test, imaging technology, and prosthetics, while deeply immersed in their clinical practice. Ironically, this has become even more difficult with the explosion of technologies designed to put information at one's fingertips. This annual periodical, Recent Advances in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, covering all the subspecialties of Otolaryngology, is designed to make it easy for the clinician to keep current with what is new. Due to its rapid publication cycle, the material is current, topical, and immediately relevant to the clinician. Reviews emphasize clear artwork rendered in color to convey new concepts and surgical approaches. We have assembled an outstanding international editorial board to assist us in this exciting project. Similarly, invited authors are leaders in the field and have made seminal contributions in their topics. We hope that you will enjoy reading this 3rd Volume as much as we have enjoyed assembling it.
Anil K Lalwani
Markus HF Pfister
12
13Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Ms Chetna Malhotra Vohra (Senior Manager–Business Development) and Sheetal Arora (Development Editor) of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for their assistance with the 3rd volume of Recent Advances in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery.